研究生实用英语系列教程 写译PDF电子书下载

Contents 1

Part One Writing 1

Unit 1 Essay Writing Techniques 1

Chapter 1 From Paragraph to Essay 1

Expanding Paragraphs into Essay 1

Writing Assignments 5

Beginning an Essay 6

Limiting a Subject 6

Exercise 1 8

Writing a Thesis Statement 9

Exercise 2 10

Exercise 3 11

Making an Outline 12

Exercise 4 17

Exercise 5 17

Chapter 2 Developing an Essay by Process Analysis 18

How to Write a Process Analysis Essay 19

Sample Essay 1 21

Essay Analysis 25

Useful Words and Expressions 26

Writing Assignment 26

Classification 27

Chapter 3 Developing an Essay by Classification and Division 27

How to Write a Classification Essay 29

Sample Essay 30

Essay Analysis 33

A Note on Division 34

Esssay Analysis 37

Useful Words and Expressions 38

Writing Assignments 39

Chapter 4 Developing an Essay by Comparison and Contrast 39

How to Write a Comparison/Contrast Essay 40

Sample Essay 43

Sample Passage 46

Essay Analysis 46

Tasks 47

Useful Words and Expressions 47

Writing Assignment 48

Chapter 5 Devel oping an Essay by Cause and Effect 48

How to Write a Cause/Effect Essay 49

Sample Essay 1 51

Essay Analysis 54

Sample Essay 2 54

Tasks 56

Useful Words and Expressions 56

Chapter 6 Developing an Essay by Argumentation 59

Writing Assignment 59

How to Write an Argumentative Essay 60

Argumentative Thesis 60

Exercise 1 61

Moving from Evidence to Conclusion Through Logical Reasoning 61

Induction 62

Deduction 62

Exercise 2 63

Strengthening Your Argument by Avoiding Logical Falla-cies 64

Exercise 3 66

Strengthening Your Argument by Confronting the Oppo-sition 67

Organizing an Argumentative Essay 68

Essay Analysis 74

Useful Words and Expressions 74

Writing Assignments 75

Unit 2 Writing for Everyday Communication 77

Chapter 7 Social Notes,Memoranda and Invitations 77

Notes and Memoranda 77

Writing Assignment for Notes 79

Invitations and Replies 81

Useful Words and Expressions f or Writing Invitations and Replies 85

Writing Assignments 85

Notices 86

Chapter 8 Notices,Posters and Announcements 86

Writing Assignments 90

Posters 91

Writing Assignment 92

Announcements 93

Useful Words and Expressions 94

Writing Assignment 94

Chapter 9 Telegrams and Telexes 95

Telegrams 95

Writing Assignments 98

Telexes 99

Useful Words and Expressions 104

Writing Assignments 105

Chapter 10 Contracts and Bills 106

Contracts 106

Bills 113

Useful Words and Expressions 115

Writing Assignments 115

Chapter 11 Personal Letters 117

Useful Words and Expressions 123

Writing Assignments 124

Business Letters 125

Chapter 12 Business Letters and Letters of Application 125

Letters of Application 132

Application for Employment and Resume 136

Useful Words and Expressions 141

Writing Assignments 142

Chapter 13 Letters for Other Purposes 142

Letters of Invitation 142

Useful Expressions 149

Writing Assignments 149

Letters of Inquiry 150

Useful Expressions 153

Writing Assignments 154

Letters of Complaint 155

Useful Expressions 157

Writing Assignments 157

Unit 3 Technical Writing 159

Chapter 14 Using Sources 159

Quoting 159

Exercise 1 164

Paraphrasing 166

Exercise 2 170

Documenting 171

The Author-Date System 172

The Footnote-Bibliography System 175

The Numbered System 178

Exercise 3 180

Chapter 15 Summaries and Abstracts 182

Sammaries 182

Main Steps in Writing a Summary 182

Model Summary Writing 183

Exercise 1 187

Abstracts 190

Suggestions for Writing an Abstract 190

Exercise 2 194

Chapter 16 Research Writing for Professional Journals 195

Major Steps in Writing for Professional Journals 195

Exercise 199

Chapter 17 Progress Reports 212

Basic Structure 213

Format 216

Exercises 221

Part Two Translation 222

第一章　概论 222

一、翻译的定义和种类 222

二、翻译的标准 222

三、翻译的过程 223

四、对翻译者的要求 224

第二章　选择法 226

一、根据上下文来选择词义 226

二、根据搭配关系来选择词义 227

三、根据词类来选择词义 228

第三章　引申法 232

一、通过表象揭示内涵 232

二、将概括的词义作具体化引申 234

三、将具体的词义作抽象化引申 235

一、由于意义上的需要而增词 239

第四章　增词法 239

二、由于句法上的需要而增词 245

三、由于搭配上的需要而增词 247

第五章　减词法 251

一、由于词义范围和使用习惯不同而减词 251

二、由于语法体系和结构不同而减词 255

三、由于搭配不同而减词 258

第六章　转换法 262

一、名词的转换 262

二、动词的转换 263

三、形容词的转换 265

一、数量增加的译法 268

第七章　数词的译法 268

二、数量减少的译法 270

三、表示数量习惯短语的译法 272

第八章　肯定与否定的译法 275

一、肯定句与否定句互相转译法 275

二、部分否定的译法 276

三、双重否定的译法 277

第九章　被动语态的译法 281

一、常见被动习语的译法 281

二、被动含义的译法 284

一、定语位置的安排 289

第十章　定语的译法 289

二、定语的转译 294

三、英语定语从句的转译 295

第十一章　长句的译法 301

一、顺序译法 301

二、逆序译法 302

三、拆句译法 302

四、并句译法 303

第十二章　误译举例 307

一、英译汉误译举例 307

二、汉译英误译举例 310