大学英语写作教程 上 Vol.I From sentence to paragraphPDF电子书下载

Preface 1

Part One Sentence Skills 2

1 Sentence Fragments 2

Ineffective Sentence Fragments 2

Legitimate Sentence Fragments 8

2 Run-on Sentences 13

3 Misplaced and Dangling Modiffiers 22

Misplaced Modifiers 22

Dangling Modifiers 28

4 Pronoun Reference 38

Ambiguous Reference 38

Weak Reference 40

Broad Reference 42

5 Parallelism 47

Value of Parallelism 50

Techniques Used in Gaining Parallelism 53

Avoidance of Faulty Parallelism 58

6 Unnecessary Shifts 62

Unnecessary Shifts in Voice or Subject 62

Unnecessary Shifts in Tense 65

Unnecessary Shifts in Mood 67

Unnecessary Shifts in Person or Number 68

Unnecessary Shifts in Discourse 70

7 Sentence Emphasis 73

Considering the Order of Words as a Means of Achieving Emphasis 73

Using the Voice that Is Most Emphatic and Appropriate 77

Putting Statements in Positive Form 78

Repeating Words，Structures，or Ideas for Occasional Emphasis 80

Omitting Unimportant Words 81

Making Use of Special Emphatic Sentence Patterns 81

Using Mechanical Devices for Emphasis 82

8 Sentence Variety 86

Varying the Beginning of Sentences 86

Varying the Kinds of Sentences 89

Varying the Length of Sentences 95

9 Coordination 100

Coordinating Conjunctions 102

Patterns of Coordination 105

Conjunctions and the Accompanying Punctuation in Compound Sentences 109

Avoidance of Excessive Coordination 111

10 Subordination 116

Subordination to Show the Emphasis of the Main Statement 116

Subordination to Avoid Choppy Sentences and to Break up Lengthy Compound Sentences 118

Ways of Subordination 121

Avoidance of Inverted Subordination 124

Avoidance of Excessive Overlapping of Subordinate Constructions 125

Avoidance of Expressive Subordination 126

Part Two Writing Paragraphs 131

11 Internal Structure of a Paragraph 131

Unity 131

Coherence 171

Completeness 189

12 Developing the Paragraph 195

Logical Reasoning in the Paragraph 195

Sequences of Paragraph Development 208

Methods of Paragraph Development 219

Special Kinds of Paragraphs 242

13 Diction 258

Using Exact Words 260

Using Words Economically 278

Using Fresh Words 293

Overcoming Chinglish 301

Using Figurative Language 308

Using an Appropriate Level of Diction 315

Appendixes 322

Ⅰ Words Similar in Sound or Form 322

Ⅱ Punctuation 325

Ⅲ Answers to the Exercises 351

Bibliography 381