CCIE学习指南 英文版PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Getting Started 1

Congratulations！ 1

CCIE：An Overview 2

What Background Do I Need to Become a CCIE？ 3

Steps in Becoming a CCIE 3

CCIE Routing and Switching Expert 4

The Tests for CCIE Routing and Switching Expert 5

CCIE WAN Switching Expert 6

The Tests for CCIE WAN Switching Expert 7

CCIE ISP Dial Expert 8

The Tests for CCIE ISP Dial Expert 9

Recertification for CCIEs 9

Gaining the Necessary Cisco Training 9

Getting the Most from Your Training by Developing Good Study Habits 12

What s Behind Certification Requirements？ 15

Registering for the Exam 17

Tips for Taking the Exams 17

Standard Testing Technique 18

What to Do If You Fail 19

Conclusion 20

Chapter 2 Data Link Layer—MAC Layer Issues 21

Data Link Layer Addressing 21

Data Link Frames 22

MAC Addressing 24

FDDI Addressing 25

Bit Order Transmission 25

Ethernet Architecture 26

Ethernet Definition 26

Ethernet Transmission 28

Ethernet Reception 30

Full-Duplex Ethernet 34

IEEE 802．2 Data Link Service 35

Summary of Ethernet Frame Formations and Descriptions 37

IEEE 802．3 Frame Format 37

IEEE 802．3 SNAP Frame Format 37

802．3 Raw Novell Proprietary Frame Format 38

802．2 LLC Header 39

Addressing Schemes 40

Fast Ethernet 41

Media Access Control Layer 41

Media Independent Interface Layer 41

100BASE-TX Physical Layer 42

100BASE-FX Physical Layer 43

100BASE-T4 Physical Layer 43

Wiring Standard 44

Network Diameter 44

Repeater Classes 45

Ethernet Vendor Addresses 45

Token Ring Architecture 45

Token Ring Operation 46

Token Ring Frame Definitions 48

Token Format 52

Token Ring Addressing 53

Token Ring Functions 56

Token Ring Initialization 57

Starting the Ring：The Token Claim Process 58

Operation 58

Frame Transmission 60

Normal Repeat Mode 61

Frame Reception 61

Early Token Release 62

Fault Isolation and Software Error Reporting 62

Token Ring Monitors：Maintaining the Ring 64

FDDI Architecture 82

Basic FDDI Characteristics 85

FDDI Timers and Frame Formats 87

Connection Establishment 90

Ring Initialization 91

Neighbor Notification and Duplicate Address Check 92

Normal Operation 93

FDDI Management 94

Address Summary 96

Summary 96

Token Ring Architecture Summary 97

FDDI Architecture Summary 97

Data Link Layer Study Questions 98

Chapter 3 Logical Link Control Layer Issues 139

MAC and LLC Layers 139

LLC Type 2 Operation 142

Connection-Oriented LLC2—Asynchronous Balance Mode 142

Frame Formats 142

SAP Addressing 144

Sequencing of Data（LLC2） 147

Timer Functions 149

Connection-Oriented Services of the IEEE 802．2 Protocol 150

Details of LLC Type 2 Operation 151

LLC2 Frame Reception 152

A Live Connection 154

LLC Type 1 Operation 159

Information Transfer 159

SNAP 160

Logical Link Control Layer Study Questions 162

Chapter 4 Bridging and LAN Switching 167

Bridging Advantages 168

How Bridges Work 168

MAC Bridge Frame Formats 168

Transparent Bridging 170

Spanning Tree Algorithm 173

How STB Works 175

Shaping the Spanning Tree 177

Cisco Transparent Bridging Features 180

Source-Route Bridging（SRB） 181

How Source Routing Works 182

Source Route Traffic Overhead 198

Parallel Bridges and Load Balancing 199

Route Determination 202

Cisco Source Route Bridging 202

Source Route Bridging Features 202

Remote Source-Route Bridging 203

DLSw+ 204

SRB Summary 204

Source Route Transparent 205

The SRT Solution 205

SRT BRIDGING 206

About SRT 207

Source-Route Transparent Bridging Features 208

Translational and Encapsulation Bridging 210

Translational Bridging 210

Encapsulation Bridging 211

Translation from Token Ring Frames to Ethernet 211

Translation from Ethernet Frames to Token Ring 211

Bridging Study Questions 212

Transparent Bridging 212

Source-Routing Bridging 214

Source Route Transparent 219

Other Reference Materials 222

Chapter 5 NetBIOS Architecture 223

NetBIOS Names 224

Naming Services 225

NetBIOS General Service Commands 225

What Are NetBIOS Services？ 225

What Is a NetBIOS Session？ 228

NetBIOS Datagram Services 230

NBF and Sessions 236

NetBEUI and the OSI Model 237

LLC Sublayer 237

Connectionless Traffic 237

Connection-Oriented Traffic 238

Adaptive Sliding Window Protocol 239

Link Timers 239

NetBIOS Session Timers 239

NetBEUI on a Multisegmented Token Ring LAN 240

Cisco NetBIOS support 240

NetBIOS Broadcast Throttling 241

NetBIOS Name Caching 241

NetBIOS Broadcast Damping 242

NetBIOS Datagram Broadcast Handling 242

Broadcast Reduction 242

Name Caching 243

NetBIOS Cache Aging 243

Statically Configured NetBIOS Names 243

NetBIOS Study Questions 244

Chapter 6 Working with AppleTalk 249

Cisco Systems AppleTalk Routing 249

Data Link and Physical Layers 250

Link-Access Protocols 251

Data Links 251

AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol（AARP） 251

AppleTalk AARP Addressing 252

Network Layer 254

DDP Protocol Packet Layout 256

What Is an AppleTalk Network Number？ 258

AppleTalk Phase 1 Architecture 259

AppleTalk Phase 2 Architecture 259

Integrating AppleTalk Phase 1 and 2 259

Transport Layer 260

Routing Table Maintenance Protocol 261

AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol 265

Name Binding Protocol Header Descriptions 267

What Is an AppleTalk Zone？ 271

Zone Information Protocol 271

ASP Session Protocol 274

Printer Access Protocol（PAP） 274

AppleTalk Filing Protocol 275

Presentation Layer Protocols 275

Cisco Enhancements to Standard AppleTalk Services 276

Security 277

AppleTalk CCIE Study Questions 277

Chapter 7 Working With Novell NetWare 289

Building the Directory Framework 289

Directory Logical Structure 291

MAC 291

ATM 291

MAC Header 292

Data Link Frames and Frame Types 292

FDDI SNAP 292

IPX Addressing 295

NetWare Layer 3 Support 295

Host Number 297

Network Number 297

Socket Number 297

Checksum 298

Length 298

Transport Control 298

Packet Type 298

Destination Network 298

Destination Host Node 299

Destination Socket 299

Source Network 299

Novell IPX Routing Information Protocol（RIP） 300

Distance-Vector Algorithms 300

Source Socket 300

Source Node 300

Cisco IOS IPX Routing Table 301

Client and Router Interaction 304

IPX RIP Interval 305

Multiple Routes 305

IPX and Split Horizon 306

IPX Static Routing 306

Configurable RIP Timers 306

Novell Burst Mode Architecture 307

Novell Burst Mode Sequence Number 307

NLSP：A Link-State Routing Protocol 309

Link-State Databases 312

NLSP Addressing 314

NLSP Advantages 315

Level 1 LSP 318

NLSP Management Information 320

Link-State Information 321

Services Information 323

External Routes Header 325

IPX Level 1 Hello Packet 328

CSNP Header 330

Service Advertising Protocol 331

SAP Header Format and Fields 332

Cisco Static SAP Tables 334

Cisco Configurable SAP Timers 334

Service Advertising Protocol 334

IPX SAP Interval 334

SPX Architecture 334

SPX Header Description 335

Large Packets 335

SPX Packet Format 335

SPX Acknowledgment Packets 337

SPX Connection Management Packets 337

Connection Management 337

Session Termination 337

SPX Watchdog Algorithm 337

Session Watchdog during Connection Establishment 338

Windowing Algorithm 338

Managing Sequence and Acknowledge Numbers 338

Acknowledgments 338

Extensive Error-Recovery Mechanisms 338

Congestion Control Algorithm 339

NetWare Core Protocol 339

Window Size 339

Data Packet Timeout 339

NCP Header Descriptions 341

NCP Function Codes 341

NetBIOS over IPX 342

IPX Version 1．0 342

Connection Establishment 344

The Shell Program 345

IPX Protocol Design Worksheet 348

Novell IPX PROTOCOL WORKSHEET 349

Novell IPX RIP WORKSHEET 350

Novell SAP WORKSHEET 351

Novell IPX WAN DESIGN WORKSHEET 352

NOVELL NLSP DESIGN WORKSHEET 353

Novell CCIE Study Questions* 354

Internet Protocol（IP） 369

Chapter 8 TCP/IP Architecture Overview 369

IP Datagrams 371

IP Addresses 374

Address Classes 375

Summary of IP Address Classes 376

Classless InterDomain Routing（CIDR） 376

Subnetting 377

Variable Length Subnet Masks（VLSM） 377

IP Addressing and Subnetting Exercises 378

ARP Architecture 383

ARP：Frame Encapsulation 383

ARP：Header Format 384

Proxy ARP 384

Reverse ARP 384

ARP Features 385

DHCP Protocol Architecture 386

DHCP Scopes 386

DHCP Relay 386

Configuration Parameters 388

Network Address Allocation 389

Client-Server Protocol 389

Constructing and Sending DHCP Messages 397

DHCP Server Controls 399

DHCP Server Behavior 399

DHCP Client Behavior 405

Applications and Benefits 409

Managing DNS 409

DHCP in a Switched Network 409

Internet Control Message Protocol（ICMP） 410

TCP/IP Networks Easier to Configure 410

ICMP Header Format 411

Echo Request（Type 8）or Echo Reply Message（Type 0） 411

ICMP Encapsulation 411

IP Fields 412

Destination Unreachable Message 413

Source Quench Message 415

ICMP Fields 415

Redirect Message 416

IP Fields 416

ICMP Fields 416

Time Exceeded Message 417

IP Fields 417

ICMP Fields 417

ICMP Fields 418

Parameter Problem Message 418

IP Fields 418

Timestamp Request or Timestamp Reply Message 419

IP Fields 420

ICMP Fields 420

Information Request or Information Reply Message 420

IP Fields 420

ICMP Fields 420

Address Mask Request or Address Mask Reply Message 421

TCP Protocol Overview 422

Full-Duplex Operation 423

Sequence Numbers 423

Window Size and Buffering 423

Header Format 424

Round-Trip Time Estimation 424

Sequence Numbers 427

Initial Sequence Number Selection 428

Establishing a connection 428

The Communication of Urgent Information 432

Managing the Window 432

User Datagram Protocol（UDP） 433

UDP and the ISO Model 433

UDP Header Encapsulation 435

NetBIOS over TCP/IP 435

Interface to Application Programs 436

NetBIOS Scope 438

NetBIOS End-Nodes 438

NetBIOS Name Server（NBNS）Nodes 440

NetBIOS Support Servers 440

Relationship of NetBIOS Support Servers and B Nodes 441

Topologies 441

Retransmission of Requests 442

Requests without Responses：Demands 442

Transaction ID 443

TCP and UDP Foundations 443

Representation of NetBIOS Names 443

First Level Encoding 443

Second Level Encoding 444

NetBIOS Name Service 444

Name Registration（Claim） 444

Overview of NetBIOS Session Service 445

NetBIOS Session Service 445

Name Release 445

Name Query（Discovery） 445

Explicit Release 445

Session Establishment Phase Overview 446

NetBIOS Datagram Service 447

NetBIOS Datagrams by B Nodes 447

NetBIOS Datagrams by P and M Nodes 448

Cisco s TCP/IP Options 449

Access Restrictions 449

Multivendor Tunneling 450

IP Multicast Support 450

Routing Protocol Update Suppression 450

Administrative Distance 450

Routing Protocol Redistribution 450

Network Monitoring and Debugging 451

Serverless Network Support 451

Summary 452

TCP/IP CCIE Study Questions 452

Chapter 9 Routing Information Protocol（RIP） 487

RIP Limitations 488

Split Horizon 490

Triggered Updates 490

Route States 491

UP 491

GARBAGE COLLECTION 491

Hold-Down 491

RIPv1 Commands 493

Addressing Considerations 493

RIP Timers 495

RIP Summary 496

RIP Header Format and Fields 496

Route Tag 499

Subnet Mask 499

Next Hop 499

Queries 500

Authentication 500

Larger Infinity 500

Security Considerations 500

When Should 1 Choose RIPv1 over RIPv2？ 500

TCP/IP RIP Routing Protocol 502

Design Checklist 502

RIP Study Questions 503

IGRP 509

Chapter 10 Interior Gateway Routing Protocol and Enhanced IGRP 509

Stability Features 510

Timers 511

IGRP Header Format Description 511

Enhanced IGRP 513

Packet Types 514

Neighbor Tables 516

Topology Tables 516

Route States 516

Route Tagging 517

Compatibility with IGRP 517

Cisco IGRP Design Worksheet 518

IGRP EIGRP Study Questions 519

The Shortest-Path Tree 529

Chapter 11 Open Shortest Path First 529

OSPF Topology 530

Area Partitioning 531

OSPF Router Classes 532

OSPF Network Support 532

Virtual Links 534

Hierarchical Routing 534

Stub Areas 535

OSPF Concepts 535

Neighbors 536

Designated Router 536

Adjacency 537

Dijkstra Algorithm 538

Flooding 538

Routing Protocol Packets 539

OSPF Message Header 539

The Hello Protocol 542

Designated Router 547

Electing the DR 548

Database Description Packets 549

Link State Request Packets 550

Link State Update packets 551

Router Link State Advertisements 553

Network LSAs 555

Summary LSAs 556

Autonomous System External LSAs 556

OSPF Routing Protocol Design Worksheet 559

OSPF Study Questions 560

Chapter 12 Border Gateway Protocol 575

How BGP Works 577

Routes：Advertisement and Storage 578

Routing Information Bases 579

Operational Features 579

BGP Message Header Format 580

OPEN Message Format 580

UPDATE Message Format 584

KEEPALIVE Message Format 588

NOTIFICATION Message Format 588

BGP Error Handling 594

Connection collision detection 594

BGP Version Negotiation 595

BGP Finite State Machine 595

Breaking Ties（Phase 2） 598

Decision Process 598

Phase 3：Route Dissemination 599

Overlapping Routes 599

Update-Send Process 600

Internal Updates 601

Breaking Ties（Internal Updates） 601

External Updates 602

Originating BGP routes 603

BGP CCIE Study Questions 603

Chapter 13 Data Link Switching（DLSw） 613

Background 613

Objective of DLSw 613

Common Method for Transport of SNA over TCP/IP 614

Overview of DLSw 614

Transport Connection 616