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IP路由技术基础 英文版PDF电子书下载
- 电子书积分:11 积分如何计算积分?
- 作 者:(美)(R.怀特)Robert Wright著
- 出 版 社:北京:清华大学出版社
- 出版年份:1999
- ISBN:7302034567
- 页数:295 页
Chapter 1 Topology and Router Configurations 1
Understanding the Role of Routers in Networks 1
The Router Interface 2
Network Layer Addresses 2
Datagrams 3
MAC Addresses 4
IP Address Formats 5
Network Reference Models 6
Understanding Topology and Router Configurations 9
RouterA s Configuration 10
RouterB s Configuration 11
RouterC s Configuration 12
Understanding What a Router Does 13
Sample Network 13
How a Router Knows What to Do 15
Choosing Your Routing Protocol 16
Understanding How Forwarding Decisions Are Made 18
Performing Longest Match Lookups 18
Forwarding Decisions for Multipoint Interfaces 21
End Systems Sending Packets to Other Subnets 23
Summary 25
Chapter2 Routing Metrics and Distances 27
Primary Activities of Convergence 27
Viewing the Invalid Timers in a Routing Table 29
Viewing an Expired Invalid Timer in a Routing Table 30
Router Still Uses a Path 33
Understanding Convergence 37
Parallel Paths 38
The Effect of Parallel Paths on Convergence 38
Looking at Parallel Paths in a Routing Table 39
Convergence in Action 40
The Routing Table After Convergence 41
Step-by-Step Review of Convergence 43
Debug Messages and Reality 46
When Holddown Is Initiated 46
Understanding Parallel Paths and Their Effect on Packet Forwarding 47
Process Switching Versus Fast Switching 50
Configuring Process Switching 51
Configuring Fast Switching 52
Understanding the Role of Split Horizon 54
Routing Advertisements with Split Horizon Enabled 56
Routing Advertisements with Split Horizon Disabled 57
Routing Loops Caused by Disabling Split Horizon 60
Loss of a Connected Route Versus a Dynamic Route 64
Split Horizon s Effect on Multipoint WAN Interfaces 65
Using Subinterfaces to Avoid Problems Caused by Split Horizon 68
Poison Reverse and Triggered Updates 70
IGRP Routing Metrics (Variables) and Cisco Administrative Distances 72
IGRP Metrics (Variables) 73
Administrative Distances 74
Running Multiple Routing Protocols Concurrently 76
Altering IGRP S Bandwidth and Delay Variables 79
Problems with Manipulating the Delay Variable 83
Understanding the Effects of Manipulating the Delay Variable 84
Understanding the Effects of Manipulating the Bandwidth Variable 87
Calculating IGRP Metrics 90
Summary 93
Chapter3 Discontiguous Networks, Summarization, and Subnet 0 95
Introduction to Terminology 96
Discontiguous Networks Using RIP and IGRP 98
Understanding How a Router Derives thd Correct Masks 99
Understanding Summarization (Summarized Routes) 103
Understanding Subnet 0 104
Summarized Routes Versus Subnet 0 105
Summarization Caused by Discontiguous Networks in Action 106
RIP Cannot Reach Discontiguous Subnets 107
Discontiguous Networks, Subnet 0, and Summarization Using IGRP 109
Discontiguous Networks Using Two Routers 111
Discontiguous Networks Using Three Routers 112
When Connectivity Is Possible 112
When Connectivity Is Not Possible 120
Alternating Paths for the First Ping 124
Using Other Routing Protocols 126
Using Summarization as a Tool 127
Summary 129
Chapter4 Using IP Unnumbered and VLSM 131
Understanding IP Unnumbered 133
IP Unnumbered Causes Host Routes and Lost Connectivity 133
Host Routes 134
Hosts Routes Using DDR 135
Configuring IP Unnumbered on Serial Interfaces 138
RIP and IGRP Behave the Same 139
RIP with IP Unnumbered Configured Properly 140
Displaying the Routes 140
Sending Routing Updates 141
RIP with IP Unnumbered Configured Improperly 142
Pinging the Interfaces 142
Examples of Routing Updates 144
Host Route Problem 145
Lost Routes Problem 146
Using a Different Subnet Mask and a Different Major Net 147
Understanding VLSM 153
VLSM Using RIP and IGRP 153
VLSM Experiment Using Two Routers 154
VLSM Experiment Using Three Routers 157
Correctly Configuring VLSM Blocked Routes 160
VLSM Summary 162
Summary 162
Introduction to Default Routing 163
Chapter5 Default Routing 163
Gateway of Last Resort 165
Gateway of Last Resort for a Non-Local Domain 168
Gateway of Last ResortFails for a Local Domain 169
Gateway of Last Resort Still Works When Links Fail 173
Using IP Classless 174
In Review 175
Using Default and Static Routes in Complicated Networks 177
Using Static Routes 177
Dealing with Too Much Default Routing Information 179
Fixing a Default Gateway Loop 185
RIP and 0.0.0.0 187
The 0.0.0.0 Default Route 187
Using 0.0.0.0 with IGRP 198
What to Do Instead of Using 0.0.0.0 with IGRP 198
Using End Systems with Multiple Local Gateways 203
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) RFC 1256 204
End Systems Using RIP 205
Cisco s Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 209
Using Floating Static Routes 212
Summary 215
Chapter 6 IP Troubleshooting Scenarios 217
Developing a Troubleshooting Routine 217
Using a Troubleshooting Scenario 219
Tracing the Route 220
Checking the Available Routes 220
Using Extended Pings to Track Connectivity 223
Other Possible Problems 225
An ARP Problem 225
Validating End System Routing Tables 226
Summary 230
Chapter7 Bridging IP Between Dissimilar Media 233
Translational Bridging 233
MSB Versus LSB 234
Bit Swapping MAC Addresses 235
ARP Explained 237
Translating Bridges and ARP Frames 239
ARP in Action 240
Vendor-Specific Solutions to ARP 243
Static ARPs 245
Displaying the Parameters of the ARP.EXE Command 245
Displaying the Current ARP Entries 246
How to Create a Static ARP Entry and Display It 246
Deleting Static ARP Entries 246
Summary 247
Chapter8 Hexadecimal and Binary Numbering and IP Addressing 249
Binary Numbering Versus Decimal Numbering 249
Hexadecimal Numbering Versus Decimal Numbering 252
Introduction to the 32-B it IP Address 255
Classes of Addresses 256
Default Subnet Masks for Class A, B, C, and D Addresses 257
Understanding Subnet Masks, Subnetting, and Supernetting 258
Determining What Subnet Is Being Used 263
The Shorthand Subnet Mask Indicator 265
Introduction to Supernetting 266
Calculating Subnet and Host Combinations 267
Summary 267
Appendix A RFCs 269
How RFCs Work 269
RFCs Recommended for Further Study 270
RFC2235: Hobbes Internet Timeline 270
RFC2031: IETF-ISOC Relationship 271
RFC2028: The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process 271
RFC2200: Internet Official Protocol Standards 271
RFC2101: IPv4 Address Behavior Today 271
RFC2151: A Primer on Internet and TCP/IP Tools and Utilities 271
RFC2027: IAB and IESG Selection, Confirmation, and Recall Process: Operation of the Nominating and R 272
RFC2026: The Internet Standards Process: Revision3 272
RFC2008: Implications of Various Address Allocation Policies for Internet Routing 272
RFC1935: What Is the Internet, Anyway? 272
RFC1925: The Twelve Networking Truths 272
RFC1812: Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers 273
RFC1917: An Appeal to the Internet Community to Return Unused IP Networks (Prefixes) to the IANA 273
RFC1878: Variable Length Subnet Table for IPv4 273
RFC1923: RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status 273
RFC1918: Address Allocation for Private Internets 273
RFC1631: The IP Network Address Translator (NAT) 274
RFC1601: Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) 274
RFC1508: Guide to Network Resource Tools 274
RFC1393: Traceroute Using an IP Option 274
RFC1256: ICMP Router Discovery Messages 274
RFC1058: Routing Information Protocol 275
RFC826: An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol 275
RFC1700: Assigned Numbers 275
RFC1149: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers 275
RFC1178: Choosing a Name for Your Computer 275
RFC1180: A TCP/IP Tutorial 275
RFC1543: BOOTP 276
RFC2283, RFC1966, RFC1965, RFC1774, RFC1773, RFC1772, RFC1771, RFC1745: Border Gateway Protocol V4 ( 276
RFC1817, RFC1520, RFC1519, RFC1518, RFC1517: Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) 276
RFC2132, RFC2131, RFC1534: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 277
RFC2308, RFC2230, RFC2219, RFC2182, RFC2181, RFC2136, RFC2052, RFC1996, RFC1995, RFC1912, RFC1794, R 277
RFC2178, RFC1745, RFC1587, RFC1586, RFC1585, RFC1584, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 278
RFC1931, RFC1293: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) Inverse RARP 278
RFC2092, RFC2091, RFC1723, RFC1722, RFC1721, RFC1582, RFC1581: RIP 278
RFC2072, RFC2071: Router Renumbering 279
RFC2001: TCP/IP (TCP) Slow Start 279
RFC1470: TCP/IP Debugging Tools 279
Summary 280
Index 281
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