C程序设计语言 第2版PDF电子书下载

Introduction 1

Chapter 1. A Tutorial Introduction 5

1．1 Getting Started 5

1．2 Variables and Arithmetic Expressions 8

1．3 The For Statement 13

1．4 Symbolic Constants 14

1．5 Character Input and Output 15

1．6 Arrays 22

1．7 Functions 24

1．8 Arguments-Call by Value 27

1．9 Character Arrays 28

1．10 External Variables and Scope 31

Chapter 2. Types, Operators, and Expressions 35

2．1 Variable Names 35

2．2 Data Types and Sizes 36

2．3 Constants 37

2．4 Declarations 40

2．5 Arithmetic Operators 41

2．6 Relational and Logical Operators 41

2．7 Type Conversions 42

2．8 Increment and Decrement Operators 46

2．9 Bitwise Operators 48

2．10 Assignment Operators and Expressions 50

2．11 Conditional Expressions 51

2．12 Precedence and Order of Evaluation 52

Chapter 3 Control Flow 55

3．1 Statements and Blocks 55

3．2 If-Else 55

3．3 Else-If 57

3．4 Switch 58

3．5 Loops-While and For 60

3．6 Loops-Do-while 63

3．7 Break and Continue 64

3．8 Goto and Labels 65

Chapter 4. Functions and Program Structure 67

4．1 Basics of Functions 67

4．2 Functions Returning Non-integers 71

4．3 External Variables 73

4．4 Scope Rules 80

4．5 Header Files 81

4．6 Static Variables 83

4．7 Register Variables 83

4．8 Block Structure 84

4．9 Initialization 85

4．10 Recursion 86

4．11 The C Preprocessor 88

Chapter 5. Pointers and Arrays 93

5．1 Pointers and Addresses 93

5．2 Pointers and Function Arguments 95

5．3 Pointers and Arrays 97

5．4 Address Arithmetic 100

5．5 Character Pointers and Functions 104

5．6 Pointer Arrays: Pointers to Pointers 107

5．7 Multi-dimensional Arrays 110

5．8 Initialization of Pointer Arrays 113

5．9 Pointers vs. Multi-dimensional Arrays 113

5．10 Command-line Arguments 114

5．11 Pointers to Functions 118

5．12 Complicated Declarations 122

Chapter 6. Structures 127

6．1 Basics of Structures 127

6．2 Structures and Functions 129

6．3 Arrays of Structures 132

6．4 Pointers to Structures 136

6．5 Self-referential Structures 139

6．6 Table Lookup 143

6．7 Typedef 146

6．8 Unions 147

6．9 Bit-fields 149

Chapter 7. Input and Output 151

7．1 Standard Input and Output 151

7．2 Formatted Output-Printf 153

7．3 Variable-length Argument Lists 155

7．4 Formatted Input-Scanf 157

7．5 File Access 160

7．6 Error Handling-Stderr and Exit 163

7．7 Line Input and Output 164

7．8 Miscellaneous Functions 166

Chapter 8. The UNIX System Interface 169

8．1 File Descriptors 169

8．2 Low Level I/O-Read and Write 170

8．3 Open, Creat, Close, Unlink 172

8．4 Random Access-Lseek 174

8．5 Example-An Implementation of Fopen and Getc 175

8．6 Example-Listing Directories 179

8．7 Example-A Storage Allocator 185

Appendix A. Reference Manual 191

A1 Introduction 191

A2 Lexical Conventions 191

A3 Syntax Notation 194

A4 Meaning of Identifiers 195

A5 Objects and Lvalues 197

A6 Conversions 197

A7 Expressions 200

A8 Declarations 210

A9 Statements 222

A10 External Declarations 225

A11 Scope and Linkage 227

A12 Preprocessing 228

A13 Grammar 234

Appendix B. Standard Library 241

B．1 Input and Output: <stdio.h> 241

B．2 Character Class Tests: <ctype.h> 248

B．3 String Functions: <string.h> 249

B．4 Mathematical Functions: <math.h> 250

B．5 Utility Functions: <stdlib.h> 251

B．6 Diagnostics: <assert.h> 253

B．7 Variable Argument Lists: <stdarg.h> 254

B．8 Non-local Jumps: <setjmp.h> 254

B．9 Signals: <signal.h> 255

B．10 Date and Time Functions: <time.h> 255

B．11 Implementation-defined Limits: <limits.h>and <float.h> 257

Appendix C. Summary of Changes 259

Index 263