中国话的文法 英文PDF电子书下载

LIST OF TABLES 7

PREFACE 9

USAGES OF THIS BOOK 13

1．Characters Used 13

2．Glossing 15

3．List of Symbols 17

4．Abbreviated Characters 21

5．Abbreviated References to Frequently Cited Works 24

6．Abbreviations for Frequently Occurring Morphemes and Grammatical Terms 27

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 29

1.1 ．Grammar 29

1.2 ．Spoken Chinese 40

1.3 ．Phonology 47

Chapter 2 THE SENTENCE 80

2.1 ．General Observations 80

2.2 ．Minor Sentences 83

2.3 ．Structure of the Full Sentence 90

2.4 ．The Grammatical Meaning of Subject and Predicate 92

2.5 ．The Logical Predicate 101

2.6 ．Subject and Predicate as Question and Answer 104

2.7 ．The Full Sentence as Made Up of Minor Sentences 105

2.8 ．Types of Subjects 106

2.9 ．Types of Predicates 110

2.10 ．Full Sentence(S-P)Predicates 118

2.11 ．Compound Sentences 127

2.12 ．Complex Sentences 131

2.13 ．Pivotal Constructions 147

2.14 ．Planned and Unplanned Sentences 152

Chapter 3 WORD AND MORPHEME 159

3.1 ．General 159

3.2 ．Free and Bound Forms 166

3.3 ．Prosodic Aspects 169

3.4 ．Substitution and Separation 178

3.5 ．Words in Functional Frames 183

3.6 ．The Word as a Unit of Meaning 189

3.7 ．Word Identity and Morpheme Identity 192

3.8 ．Definitions and Tests for the Syntactic Word 205

3.9 ．Synoptic Tables of Word-Like Units 210

Chapter 4 MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES 214

4.1 ．General 214

4.2 ．Reduplication 218

4.3 ．Prefixes 230

4.4 ．Suffixes 239

4.5 ．Infixes 276

Chapter 5 SYNTACTICAL TYPES 277

5.1 ．Expressions and Constructions 277

5.2 ．Coordination 281

5.3 ．Subordination 292

5.4 ．Verb-Object(V-O)Constructions 319

5.5 ．Verbal Expressions in Series 342

5.6 ．Verb-Complement Constructions 366

Chapter 6 COMPOUNDS 375

6.1 ．Nature and Classification of Compounds 375

6.2 ．Subject-Predicate(S-P)Compounds 384

6.3 ．Coordinate Compounds 388

6.4 ．Subordinative Compounds 397

6.5 ．Verb-Object(V-O)Compounds 430

6.6 ．Verb-Complement(V-R)Compounds 449

6.7 ．Complex Compounds 494

Chapter 7 PARTS OF SPEECH SUBSTANTIVES 509

7.1 ．General Observations on Parts of Speech 509

7.2 ．Nouns 518

7.3 ．Proper Names 526

7.4 ．Place Words 532

7.5 ．Time Words 545

7.6 ．D-M Compounds 563

7.7 ．N-L Compounds 574

7.8 ．Determinatives 575

7.9 ．Measures 595

7.10 ．Localizers 631

7.11 ．Pronouns 638

7.12 ．Other Substitutes 668

Chapter 8 VERBS AND OTHER PARTS OF SPEECH 673

8.1 ．Verbs(Including Adjectives) 673

8.2 ．Prepositions(K) 755

8.3 ．Adverbs(H) 772

8.4 ．Conjunctions 793

8.5 ．Particles 798

8.6 ．Interjections 817

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 822

INDEX 829

SYNOPSIS OF TONAL SPELLING 856