ATM网互通技术 英文版PDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1 IntroductionReasons for Internetworking 1

Reasons for Internetworking with ATM 1

Terms and Definitions 2

Internetworking and Interworking 2

L_2 and L_3 Protocol Data Units(PDUs) 3

Addresses and Virtual Circuit Identifiers 3

Routing and Switching 4

Specific Terms for the Virtual Circuit ID 4

Correlating Addresses and Virtual Circuit IDs 4

ATM Internetworking Examples 4

The ATM and Frame Relay Headers 6

Comparison of ATM and Frame Relay 6

Comparison of ATM and LAN Technologies 9

Comparison of ATM and IP 9

Conventions for ATM Interfaces and Data Units 11

Summary 13

CHAPTER 2 Encapsulation and Address Mapping Operations 14

Encapsulation Concepts 14

Service Access Points (SAPS) 16

LLC and LSAPS 17

Ethertype(Type) 18

Subnetwork Access Protocol(SNAP) 18

ISO/IEC TR 9577 (Network Level ProtocolIdentifier[NLPID]) 19

Examples of Joint Use of NLPID and SNAP 20

IP Protocol ID 21

Ports/PSAPS 21

Putting It All Together 22

Example of Encapsulation Operations 24

Support for Layer 2 and 3 Protocols 26

Encapsulation Rules for Frame Relay(RFC 1490) 28

Encapsulation Rules for ATM(RFC 1483) 29

Options in RFC 1483 30

The Address Resolution Protocol(ARP) 31

The ARP Protocol Data Units(PDUs) 33

Frame Relay ARP 34

Classical IP and ARP Over ATM(RFC 1577) 36

The LIS Configuration 37

Rules for Address Resolution 38

Operations at the ATMARP Server and Client 40

Operations at the Server 40

Operations at the ATMARP Client Site 41

ATMARP and Inverse ATMARP Packet Formats 44

ATMARP and INATMARP Packet Encapsulation 44

Multicast Address Resolution Server(MARS) 46

Pros and Cons of MARS 48

Summary 48

ATM/Frame Relay Interworking Models 49

CHAPTER 3 ATM/Frame Relay Interworking Operations 49

Internetworking Definitions 50

Protocol Encapsulation and Protocol Mapping 50

Network and Service Interworking 51

Guides for the User Intefface 51

Primitive Operations 52

Parameter Primitives 54

One Scenario for ATM Frame Relay Interworking 55

Guidance from RFC 1483 56

Summary 58

Why DXI and FUNI were Developed 59

CHAPTER 4 DXI and FUNI 59

DXI and FUNI Topologies 60

A Look at the Headers 61

DXI Modes 62

Example of Modes 1A and 1B 62

Examples of DXI Frames 65

DXI Frame Address Mappings 67

Comparisons of DXI and FUNI 67

Frame Relay vs.DXI/FUNI 67

Summary 69

CHAPTER 5 Network Interworking 70

Network Interworking Concepts 70

Network Interworking Scenarios 71

Network Interworking Functions 74

Variable Length PDU Formatting and Delimiting 76

Error Detection 76

Connection Multiplexing 76

Discard Eligibility and Cell Loss Mapping 79

Congestion Indication 82

PVC Status Management 84

Summary 84

CHAPTER 6 Service Interworking 87

Definitions of Service Interworking 87

FR-ATM Interworking Service 89

Service Interworking Functions 90

Frame Formatting and Delimiting 92

Discard Eligibility and Cell Loss Priority Mapping 93

Congestion Indication 93

Mapping the DLCI 94

PVC Management Procedures 94

Formatting and Identification Procedures 94

Bridged PDUs 94

Routed OSI PDUs 98

Other Encapsulations 98

ARP Procedures 100

Traffic Management 101

ARP Message Formats 101

Frame Relay Quality of Service 104

ATM Quality of Service 104

FR-ATM Quality of Service 104

Connection Policing and Traffic Shaping 106

Summary 107

CHAPTER 7 Introduction to LAN Emulation 108

Comparing LANS and ATM 108

Purpose of LAN Emulation(LANE) 109

Support of Key LAN Operations 110

LAN Emulation Components 110

Registrations 112

ARP Operations 113

Connection Setup 114

Virtual Channels 115

LAN Use of Primitives(Service Definitions) 116

The LAN Protocol Model 118

Principal LUNI Functions 120

Control and Data Channel Connection 121

Control Channel Connections 121

Data Channel Connections 122

The Initialization Function 124

Address Resolution Operations 126

Connection Establishment Procedures 127

The SETUP Message 129

Rules for Sending User Traffic 131

Spanning Tree Operations 131

Summary 132

CHAPTER 8 Service Specification and Protocol Data Units(PDUs) 133

Basic Concepts 133

LE-ULP Service Specifications 136

LE-AAL Service Specifications 137

LE-Connection Management Service Specifications 137

Parameters for the Connection Service 140

LE-Layer Management Service Specifications 142

Add and Drop Party Procedure 142

Data Frames 146

Type/Length(TL)Operations 147

Summary 150

CHAPTER 9 Configuration，Registration，and ARP Proceduresand LNNI 151

The Configure Operation 151

The Join Operation 154

The Registration Operation 158

Registration Frame F0rmat 159

The Lane Addresss Resolution Protocol 160

The ARP Frames 160

LE Client Use of ARP 160

Example of ARP Opeations 161

LE Server Use of ARP 161

ARP Frame Format 163

LE NARP Frame Format 164

LE Topology Request Frame Format 165

LAN Emulation Network-Network Interface(LNNI) 165

Summary 166

CHAPTER 10 Next Hop Resolution Protocol(NHRP) 167

Purpose of NHRP 167

Modeling the NBMA Network 168

NHRP Operations 169

Examples of NBMA Operations 171

Authoritative and Nonautho ritative Replies 172

Restrictions on the Messages 173

Station Configurations 173

A More Detailed Example 173

The NHRP Messages 173

Pros and Cons of NHRP 176

Other NHRP Operations 179

Summary 179

CHAPTER 11 Multiprotocol over ATM (MPOA) 180

Purpose of MPOA 180

Advantages of L 3 Operations 180

Intra-Subnet and Inter-Subnet Operations 181

Virtual Routing 184

MPOA Cache 185

Ingress Cache 185

Egress Cache 185

MPOA Requirements 185

MPOA Clients and Servers 186

The MPC 187

The Use of Tags 189

MPOA Information Flows 189

Major MPOA Operations 191

Examples of MPOA Operations 191

MPOA Host-to-MPOA Host 192

Roles of MPS and MPC in More Detail 194

Edge Device-to-MPOA Host 194

Edge Device-to-Edge Device 194

The MPOA Protocol Data Units(PDUS)Formats 198

Format and Syntax for the MPOA Messages 199

Other MPOA Operations 200 Summary 201

Appendix A Basics of Internetworking 202

Appendix B Addressing Conventions 215

Appendix C Lane Parameters 221

Abbreviations 225

Other References 228

Index 233