英汉翻译手册 增订版PDF电子书下载

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

Chapter Ⅰ．Prerequisites for Translation 1

Section Ⅰ．Importance of Translation 2

Section Ⅱ．Striving to be Both Red Expert 3

＊Be Dedicated to Work Good at Learning 3

＊Language Proficiency:A Prerequisite 4

＊Exposure to a Variety of Linguistic Experiences 4

＊Vital Importance of General Knowledge 5

＊Basic Training in 3 Essential Aspects 8

＊On Daching Oil-Workers Experience 10

Section Ⅰ．The Correct Approach to Translation 10

Chapter Ⅱ．Dialectical-Materialism in Translation 10

＊On Yen Fu s 3-Character Guide 11

＊Errors Resulting from a Liberal or a Mechan-ical Approach 15

Section Ⅱ．Unity of Content Form 17

＊Translation:A Very Complex Process 17

＊Accurate Comprehension:Foremost Concern Adequate Representation:Crucial,too 18

＊Views of Western Experts 20

＊Our Point of View 21

Chapter Ⅲ．Set Our Mind to the Task 22

The Gapcan be Closed 22

＊A Chinese word can be used in many different senses 23

SectionⅠAnalysis Handling of Some Familiar Words 23

＊An English word can be used in many different senses 27

＊Unity of Accurate Comprehension and Adequate Representation 29

Section Ⅱ．Analysis Handling of Proper Nouns Articles 30

＊3 Rules on Translation of Proper Names 30

＊Cases Wherein the Article is Omitted in E-C Translation 34

＊Cases Wherein the Article Has to Be Translated 35

Section Ⅲ． Analysis Handling of Some Idioms 38

＊Examples Showing the Rendition of Some Chinese Idioms 38

＊Differentiation of the Commendatory Term from the Derogatory 41

＊An Earnest Warning 42

＊Analysis Handling of Some English Idioms 43

＊Translation of Colloquial Expressions 47

＊Absorption of New Expressions 49

Chapter Ⅳ．An Analysis of Translation Techniques 53

＊We Beg to Differ from Two Groups of People 53

＊What is a Good Piece of Translation? 53

＊Translation Techniques do Play a Helpful Role 54

＊List of 8 Basic Translation Techniques 55

＊50-odd Sentences Showing the Usefulness of Translation Techniques 55

Section Ⅰ． Analysis of“Subordination”（“分清主从”） 59

＊5 different Cases in which Subordination is called for 59

＊Drill on Subordination 65

＊In Dealing with Important Expressions 66

Section Ⅱ． Analysis of“Diction”（“选词用字”） 66

＊In Dealing with Idiomatic Chinese Expressions 74

＊In Dealing with StructuralWords 78

＊Wording or Rewording of a Text 82

＊Drillon Diction 82

Section Ⅲ．Analysis of“Amplification”（“增益”） 83

＊By Supplying Necessary Words to convey 85

Real Meaning(of the Original) 85

＊By Supplying Pronouns,etc 88

＊By Supplying Necessary Connectives 89

＊By Supplying the Required Article in C-E 90

＊Drill on Amplification 91

Section Ⅳ．Analysis of“Omission”（“省略法”）in C-E 92

＊Omission of the recurring Object 92

＊Omission of the recurring Verb ,or Replacement of it by an Auxiliary v 93

＊Omission for Better Economy in Words 94

＊ Repetition as a Stylistic Device Can-not be Dispensed with 95

＊Drill on Omission 96

Section Ⅴ．Analysis of“Conversion”（“转换”） 97

＊Vv.Converted into nn.(in C-E) 98

＊Adjj.or Advv.Converted into nn.(in C-E) 101

in C-E 102

＊Adverbials Converted into Adj.Clauses 102

＊The Active Converted into the Passive 103

＊The Wide Use of the Passive in English 104

＊Drillon Conversion 105

Section Ⅵ．Analysis of“Inversion”（“词序调整”）in C-E 107

＊Natural Order in Address,Designation,etc.(in English) 107

＊Natural Order of Adverbials(in C-E) 108

＊Negative Inversion 109

＊Order Inverted to Avoid Anti-Climax 110

＊Order Inverted to Ensure Clarity 112

＊Wrong Word Order Creates Confusion 112

＊Drill on Inversion 114

Section Ⅶ．Analysis of“Negation”（“正说反译，反说正译”） 115

＊ Peculiarities in Negation 115

＊The Affirmative vs.the Negative 116

＊The Use of English Words with Negative Implication 119

＊The Use of Double Negative for Emphasis 124

＊Drill on Negation 125

Section Ⅷ．Analysis of“Division”（“长句拆译”）in C-E 126

＊5 Cases Wherein“Division”（in C-E）is usu.necessary and desirable 127

＊Drill on Division 132

Section Ⅸ．Question of“Translatability or Untranslatability 134

Section Ⅰ．C-E Translation Techniques Appli-cable to E-C 140

Chapter Ⅴ．Applicability of C-E Translation Tech- 140

niques to E-C 140

＊ Omission in C-Evs. Amplification in E-C 141

1． Subordination in E-C 143

＊ Subordination not to be Employed in Isolation 145

2． Diction inE-C 146

＊Be Mindful of Collocation in Chinese 146

＊Absorption of New English Expressions 148

＊Vital Importance of TERMINOLOGY 149

3． Amplification in E-C 152

＊5 Cases in which Amplification is usu.called for 152

4． Omission in E-C 156

＊6 Cases in which Omission is usu.called for 157

5． Conversion in E-C 160

＊Nouns in Eng.Converted into Verbs in Chinese 161

＊Adjj.,Prepp.,or Prepositional Phrases usu.Converted into Vv.in Chinese 161

＊The Passive Converted into the Active 163

6． Inversion in E-C 163

＊SubordinateClauses usu.Placed Before the Principal Clause 164

＊Cases involving an Adverbial which in effect means a clause 164

＊Cases involving a that- Clause which 165

is too long 165

7． Negation in E-C 167

＊Grasp the Real Meaning from the Context 168

＊ Implied Double Negative 169

8． Division in E-C 171

＊A Careful Analysis from 3 different angles 173

＊A few Rules to go by 173

＊Drill on E-C Translation Techniques 180

＊Drill on Over-Worked Expressions 183

Section Ⅱ Analysis Handling of News-Items from Western Press 185

＊Features of Western Press Reports 185

＊A typical content-packed sentence 187

＊Usefuluess of reading Western newspapers and periodicals 189

＊There are Better types of Newspaper English 189

＊On Sources quoted by Western reporters 190

＊Component Parts of a News-Item 192

＊The Label lead;the Summary lead;the Main Fact lead;the Combined lead 193

＊On Translation of News-Items from Western press 195

＊Drills on Translation ofWestern News-Items 198

Section Ⅲ．Methods of Analysis in the Handl-ing of Difficult Sentences in E-C 200

＊Accurate Comprehension:the Basis 200

＊The Useful Stepsto Takein E-C: A 3-fold Analysis 201

＊Analysis of 3 difficult Paragraphs 202

＊Analysis of an Article to be translated 207

＊Language Phenomena— Organically connected with,dependent on and determined by,each other ,too 214

Chapter Ⅵ．Genuine Knowledge Comes from Practice 215

Section Ⅰ．Analysis of E-C Passage Trans-lation 30 E-C Exx 215

＊Translation of a piece of Prose 216

＊Translation of Press Commentaries 219

＊Translation of Very Formal English(in Documents) 226

＊Translation of texts on Legal Matters 239

＊Scientific Register 244

＊Translation of texts on Scientific Technological Matters 245

＊On Translation of Classical English 258

＊ Of Studies by F.Bacon 259

＊A Chinese version in classical style 261

＊3 Points for Reference 262

＊E-C Translation:A Brief Summary 263

＊30 E-C Exx.for Independent Work 264

Section Ⅱ． Analysis of C-E Passage Translation 30 C-E Exx 322

＊ Foreigners are Not Chinese. 322

＊ Discourse Analysis ,Essential 323

＊ Form be appropriate to the Occasion 325

＊2 different versions to suit a formal an informal occasion respectively 325

＊Examples of Application of translation techniques to passage-translation 328

＊Analysis of an Article in C-E 331

＊Translation of texts on Political and Economic Matters respectively 336

＊More on a Translator s Continuing Process of Learning 345

＊On Translation of Classical Chinese 348

＊Comprehension:One Cannot be Too Careful 349

＊Representation:A Multi-Dimensional Affair 353

＊Summary of C-E Passage Translation 362

＊30 C-E Exx.for Independent Work 364

Chapter Ⅶ．KEY to Drills Exercises 409

＊List of KEY to Translation Exx 409

(Ⅰ) KEY to the 25 Drills on Sentence Trans-lation 412

(Ⅱ)KEY to 30 E-C Translation Exx 439

(Ⅲ)KEY to 30 C-E Translation Exx 485

＊A BRIEF SUMMARY 547

Appendix 1:Table on E-C Transliteration 552

Appendix 2:Models for Notices,Invitations,Letters,Diplomatic Notes,etc 554

＊Practical Writing 554

＊On the Form of Diplomatic Notes 572

＊Samples of Personal Note 574

＊Samples of Note Verbale 577

＊Additional Exx.On Practical Writing 582

＊Additional Exx.On Diplomatic Notes 584

Appendix 3:Terms Relating to Conferences Documents 590

Appendix 4:Romanization of Chinese Names 598

of Persons and Places 598