因特网与万维网基本原理与技术 英文PDF电子书下载

1 Fundamentals of Electronic Mail 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1 Fundamentals of Electronic Mail 1

1.2 E-Mal:Advantages and Disadvantages 2

1.2.2 Disadvantages 3

1.2.1 Advantages 3

1.3.1 Userids 5

1.3 Userids,Passwords,and E-Mail Addresses 5

1.3.2 Passwords 6

1.3.3 E-Mail Addresses 7

1.3.4 Domain Names 8

1.3.6 Local and Systemwide Aliases 10

1.3.5 E-Mail Address Determinations 10

1.4 Message Components 13

1.5 Message Composition 16

1.5.1 Structure 17

1.5.2 Netiquette 19

1.5.3 Composition 20

1.6 Mailer Features 22

1.6.2 Bracketed Text and Include 23

1.6.1 Compose,File,and Reply 23

1.6.3 Forwarding 25

1.7 E-Mail Inner Workings 26

1.7.1 Mailer,Mail Server,and Mailbox 26

1.7.2 Store and Forward Features 27

1.7.3 Central Mail Spool and IMAP 29

1.7.4 Bounce Feature 30

1.8 E-Mail Management 32

1.8.1 Action Options 32

1.8.2 Vacation Programs 33

1.8.3 E-Mail and Businesses 34

1.9 MIME Types 35

2 Jump Start:Browsing and Publishing 37

2.1 Introduction 37

2.2 Browser Bare Bones 37

2 Jump Start:Browsing and Publishing 37

2.2.1 Browser Window Terminology 38

2.2.2 Menu Bar 39

2.2.3 Toolbar 40

2.2.4 Hot Buttons 42

2.3 Coast-to-Coast Surfing 43

2.2.5 Hyperlinks 43

2.3.1 Web Terminology 44

2.3.2 Uniform Resource Locator(URL) 45

2.4 HyperText Markup Language:Introduction 47

2.4.1 HTML Tag Syntax 48

2.4.2 HTML Document Creation 49

2.5 Web Page Installation 52

2.5.1 Basic Principles 53

2.5.2 A Specific Example 53

2.6.1 Head Tag 56

2.6 Web Page Setup 56

2.6.2 HTML and Colors 62

2.6.3 Body Tag 64

2.6.4 HTML Font Colors 68

2.6.5 Font Size 68

2.6.6 Font Face 69

2.6.7 HTML Comments 70

2.7 HTML Formatting and Hyperlink Creation 73

2.7.1 Paragraph Tag 74

2.7.2 Heading Tags 75

2.7.3 Anchor Tag 77

2.7.4 Image Tag 82

3 The Internet 87

3.1 Introduction 87

3 The Intemet 87

3.2 The Internet Defined 88

3.2.1 The Information Superhighway 88

3.2.2 Interesting Internet Facts 89

3.3 Internet History 90

3.3.2 1970s Telecommunications 91

3.3.1 1960s Telecommunications 91

3.3.3 1980s Telecommunications 92

3.3.4 1990s Telecommunications 93

3.3.5 Internet Growth 95

3.4 The Way the Internet Works 96

3.4.1 Network Benefits 96

3.4.2 Interconnected Networks and Communication 97

3.4.3 Physical Components 99

3.4.4 Network Connections 99

3.4.5 Client-Server Model 100

3.4.6 IP Addresses 100

3.4.8 Web Page Retrieval 103

3.4.7 Internet Protocol Version 6(Ipv6) 103

3.5.1 World Wide Wait Problem 105

3.5 Internet Congestion 105

3.5.2 Technical Solutions 106

3.5.3 Issues and Predictions 107

3.6 Internet Clture 108

3.6.1 Critical Evaluation of Information 109

3.6.2 Freedom ofExpression 109

3.6.3 Communication Mechanisms 111

3.6.4 Advertising 112

3.6.5 Societal Impact 113

3.7 Business Culture and the Internet 114

3.7.1 On-Line Businesses 115

3.7.2 Three Sample Companies 116

3.7.3 On-Line Business Hurdles 118

3.7.4 Cookies 118

3.7.5 Business and Safety/Security on the Web 119

3.7.6 Legal Environment 119

3.7.7 U.S.Government s Commitment to Electronic Commerce 120

3.8 Collaborative Computing and the Internet 121

3.8.1 Collaborative Computing Defined 121

3.8.2 Applications 122

3.8.3 Impact 123

3.8.4 Future Prospects 124

4 The World Wide Web 127

4.1 Introduction 127

4.2 The Web Defined 127

4 The World Wide Web 127

4.3 Miscellaneous Web Browser Details 129

4.3.1 Personal Preferences 129

4.3.2 Bookmarks 130

4.3.3 Plug-ins and Helper Applications 133

4.3.4 Web Browsers Comparison:Netscape and Microsoft 134

4.4 Web Writing Styles 136

4.4.1 The Biography 137

4.4.2 The Business Exposition 139

4.4.3 The Guide 141

4.4.4 The Tutorial 141

4.4.5 Writing Genres Summary 144

4.5 Web Presentation Otuline,Design,and Management 145

4.5.1 Goal Setting 146

4.5.2 Outlining 148

4.5.3 Navigating 153

4.5.4 Designing and Coding 156

4.5.5 Revising 157

4.6 Registering Web Pages 159

4.7 Lynx:Text-Based Web Browser 160

4.7.1 Starting Lynx 163

4.7.2 Basic Navigation 163

4.7.3 Features 164

4.7.4 Bookmarks 164

4.7.5 Printing 164

4.7.6 Images 165

4.7.7 Lynx Commands Summary 166

5.1 Introduction 169

5 Searching the World Wide Web 169

5 Searching the World Wide Web 169

5.2 Directories,Search Engines,and Metasearch Engines 170

5.2.1 Directories 170

5.2.2 Popular Directories 171

5.2.3 Search Engines 171

5.2.4 Popular Search Engines 173

5.2.5 Metasearch Engines 173

5.2.6 Popular Metasearch Engines 173

Ellen and Ray s Choices 174

5.2.7 White Pages 174

5.2.8 Popular White Pages 174

5.3 Search Fundamentals 175

5.3.1 Search Terminology 177

5.3.2 Pattern Matching Queries 178

5.3.3 Boolean Queries 180

5.3.4 Search Domain 181

5.3.5 Search Subjects 182

5.4 Search Strategies 183

5.4.1 Too Few Hits:Search Generalization 183

5.4.2 Too Many Hits:Search Specialization 184

5.4.3 Sample Searches 184

5.5 How Does a Search Engine Work? 186

5.5.1 Search Engine Components 186

5.5.2 User interface 187

5.5.3 Searcher 187

5.5.4 Evaluator 187

5.5.5 Gatherer 188

5.5.7 Summary 192

5.5.6 Indexer 192

6 Telnet and FTP 195

6.2 Telnet and Remote Login 195

6 Telnet and FTP 195

6.1 Introduction 195

6.2.1 Telnet 196

6.2.2 Remote Login 199

6.3 File Transfer 200

6.3.1 Graphical File Transfer Clients 201

6.3.2 Text-Based File Transfer Clients 203

6.3.3 File Compression 204

6.3.4 Anonymous File Transfer 204

6.3.5 Archie 205

6.4.1 Definitions 206

6.4 Computer Viruses 206

6.4.2 Virus Avoidance and Precautions 207

7.1 Introduction 209

7.2 Semantic Versus Syntactic Based Style Types 209

7 Basic HTML 209

7 Basic HTML 209

7.2.1 Semantic Based Style Types 210

7.2.2 Syntactic Based Style Types 215

7.2.3 Style Type Usage 218

7.3.1 Headers 219

7.3 Headers and Footers 219

7.3.2 Horizontal Rule Tag 221

7.3.3 Footers 222

7.4.1 Ordered Lists 225

7.4 Lists 225

7.4.2 Unordered Lists 227

7.4.3 Definition Lists 229

7.4.4 Nested Lists 231

7.5 Tables 237

7.5.1 Table Usage 237

7.5.2 HTML Table Tags 238

7.5.3 Frequently Asked Questions 252

7.6 Debugging 255

8 Web Graphics 259

8 Web Graphics 259

8.1 Introduction 259

8.2 Popular Image Formats 260

8.2.1 Image Compression 260

8.2.2 Image Acquisition and Display 260

8.2.3 Graphics Interchange Format(GIF) 263

8.2.4 Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPG) 264

8.2.5 Portable Network Graphics(PNG) 266

8.3 GIF Features 267

8.3.1 Animated GIFs 267

8.3.2 Interlaced GIFs 269

8.3.3 Transparent Images 269

8.4 Image Tag Revisited 271

8.4.1 Image and Text Alignment 272

8.4.2 Additional ALIGN Attribute Values 273

8.4.3 Summary:ALIGH Attrubute Values 273

8.4.4 Horizontal Image Alignment 275

8.4.5 Wrapped Text 275

8.4.6 Text Wrap Prevention 276

8.4.7 Spacing Control 277

8.4.8 Centered Images 278

8.4.9 Image Borders 279

8.4.10 Low Source(LOWSRC)Images 279

8.5 Image Maps 281

8.5.1 Server-Side Image Maps 281

8.5.2 Client-Side Image Maps 283

8.5.3 Summary:Image Maps 288

8.6 Scanners 289

8.6.1 Scanner Types 289

8.6.2 Scanner Selection 291

8.7 Miscellaneous Graphics Topics 292

8.7.1 Thumbnail Sketches 292

8.7.2 Image Height and Width 293

8.7.3 Image Load Time 296

9 Advanced HTML 299

9 Advanced HTML 299

9.1 Introduction 299

9.2 Frames 299

9.2.1 Frame Usage 301

9.2.2 Frame Tags 301

9.2.3 Frequently Asked Questions 305

9.2.4 Additional Frame Tag Attributes 307

9.2.5 Targeted Hyperlinks 307

9.2.6 Nested Frames 310

9.2.7 Frameset Design Algorithm 311

9.2.8 Frames Reality Check 315

9.3 HTML Forms 317

9.3.1 Form Tags 319

9.3.2 Form Methods 320

9.3.3 Mailto URLs 322

9.3.4 Form Input Tags 322

9.3.5 Frequently Asked Questions 330

9.4 CGI Scripts 332

9.4.1 Scripts and Forms 333

9.4.2 Security 333

9.5 Dynamic Documents 334

9.5.1 Client Pull 334

9.5.2 Server Push 335

9.5.3 New-Address Notification 336

9.6.1 Editors 337

9.6 HTML Tools 337

9.6.2 Syntax Checkers 342

9.6.3 Converters 344

9.7 Next-Generation HTML 346

10 Newsgroups,Mailing Lists,Chat Rooms,and MUDs 349

10 Newsgroups,Mailing Lists,Chat Rooms,and MUDs 349

10.1 Introduction 349

10.2 Newsgroups and Mailing Lists History 350

10.3 Newsgroup Fundamentals 351

10.3.1 Newsgroup Terminology 351

10.3.2 Newsreaders 354

10.3.3 Newsgroups Model 357

10.3.4 Newsgroup Hierarchies 360

10.3.5 Controversy 362

Ellen and Ray s Choices 363

10.4.1 Mailing List Terminology 364

10.4 Mailing List Fundamentals 364

10.4.2 Mailing List Subscriptions and Posts 366

10.4.3 Helpful Hints 369

10.4.4 Mailing Lists and Web Pages 370

10.4.5 Mailing Lists Versus Newsgroups 371

Ellen and Ray s Choices 372

10.5 Newsgroups and Mailing Lists Availability 373

10.6 Chat Rooms 373

10.6.1 Chat Room Entrance 374

10.6.2 Chat Room Culture 376

10.6.3 Chat Rooms and Education 376

10.7 MUDs 377

10.7.1 MUD Connections 378

10.7.2 MUDding 378

10.7.4 Additional MUD Uses 380

10.7.3 MUD Etiquette 380

10.7.5 MUD Creation 381

11 Electronic Publishing 383

11 Electronic Publishing 383

11.1 Introduction 383

11.2 Electronic Publishing Advantages and Disadvantages 383

11.2.1 Advantages 384

11.2.2 Disadvantages 384

11.3 Copyright Issues 386

11.3.1 Definition 386

11.3.2 Credit Issues 387

11.4 Project Gutenberg and On-Line Books 388

11.4.1 Project Gutenberg 389

11.4.2 Other On-Line Books 389

11.5 Electronic Journals,Magazines,and Newspapers 390

11.5.1 E-zines 390

11.5.2 Journals 391

Ellen and Ray s Choices 392

11.5.3 Magazines and Newspapers 392

11.6 Miscellaneous Publishing Issues 393

11.6.1 Plagiarism 393

11.6.2 Electronic Publishing Do s and Don ts 393

12 Web Programming Material 395

12 Web Programming Material 395

12.1 Introduction 395

12.2 The JavaScript Programming Language 396

12.2.1 JavaScript and HTML 396

12.2.2 Event-Handlers 397

12.2.3 Sample JavaScript Code 400

12.3 Applets 404

12.3.1 HTML Applet Tags 405

12.3.2 Java-Enabled Browsers 406

12.3.3 Sample Applets 406

12.4 The Java Programming Language 408

12.4.1 Sample Java Source Code 409

12.4.2 Java and Object-Oriented Programming 411

12.5 Guest Books 412

12.5.1 Standard Input Fields of a Guest Book 412

12.5.2 Guest Book Dynamics 415

12.5.3 Mailto Guest Books 416

12.6 Web Page Counters 417

12.6.1 HTML Code for a Counter 418

12.6.2 Counter Usefulness 419

12.6.3 Counter Display Decision 419

12.7 Server-Side Includes 420

12.7.1 Common Inclusions 420

12.7.2 Utilization 420

13 Multimedia 423

13 Multimedia 423

13.1 Introduction 423

13.2 Important Multimedia Issues 424

13.2.1 Multimedia Displays 424

13.2.2 Current Multimedia Concerns 425

13.3 Audio 427

13.3.1 Audio Installation 427

13.3.2 Audio and Web Pages 428

13.3.3 Audio Repositories 428

13.4 Movies and Video 429

13.4.1 Formats 429

13.4.2 Video and Web Pages 430

13.5 Virtual Reality and 3D Modeling 431

13.5.1 Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML) 432

13.5.2 QuickTime Virtual Reality(QTVR) 434

13.5.3 Virtual Reality Summary 434

13.6.1 Object Tag 435

13.6 Multimedia and HTML Documents 435

13.6.2 Embed Tag 436

14 Privacy and Security Topics 437

14 Privacy and Security Topics 437

14.1 Introduction 437

14.2 Known Information 437

14.2.1 Volunteered Information 438

14.2.2 Information Collection 439

14.3 Software Complexity 440

14.3.1 Contributing Factors 440

14.3.2 Browsers,Networks,Operating Systems,and Servers 440

14.4.1 Basic Concepts 441

14.4 Encryption Schemes 441

14.4.2 Prime Numbers 444

14.4.3 Private Key Cryptography 444

14.4.4 Public Key Cryptography 446

14.4.5 Hashing Algorithms 446

14.5 Secure Web Documents 448

14.6 Digital Signatures 449

14.6.1 Digital Signature Example 449

14.6.2 Pretty Good Privacy 451

14.7 Firewalls 452

A Internet Service Providers 455

A Internet Service Providers 455

B Text Editing 461

B Text Editing 461

C Pine Mail Program 467

C Pine Mail Program 467

D Basic UNIX 477

D Basic UNIX 477

E HTML Tags 487

E HTML Tags 487

F Acronyms 495

F Acronyms 495

G My URLs 499

G My URLs 499

Glossary 515

Glossary 515

Bibllography 529

Bibliography 529

Index 535

Index 535