CCNA 2.0考试指南 英文版PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Networking Introduction and Standards 1

Computer Hardware Basics 2

Bits and Bytes 2

Major Computer Systems 3

Workstations,Servers,Hosts,and Nodes 7

Workstations 8

Servers 8

Hosts and Nodes 9

Peer-to-Peer vs.Server-Based Networks 9

Servers 11

LANs,WANs,MANs,Networks,and Internetworks 12

Communications Media 12

Industry Standards 13

802 Standards 15

International Telecommunications Union(ITU) 16

Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) 16

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) 16

Telecommunications Industry Association(TLA)and Electronic Industries Association(EIA) 16

American National Standards Institute(ANSI) 17

OSI Reference Model 17

Reasons to Use a Layered Model 18

The Seven-Layer Overview 18

Data Encapsulation 21

Summary 22

Practice Questions 23

Questions 23

Answers 25

Physical Layer:Layer 1 27

Chapter 2 OSI Model-Layer 1 27

Electricity and Electronics 28

Signaling 31

Threats to Signaling 33

Communications Media 38

Collisions and Collision Domains 49

Layer 1 Components and Devices 51

Summary 55

Practice Questions 55

Questions 55

Anewers 57

Chapter 3 Topology and Access Methods 59

Physical vs.Logical Topology 60

Bus Topology 60

Topology Options 60

Star Topology 61

Star-Bus Topology 62

Extended Star Topology 62

Tree Topology 65

Ring Topology 65

Dual-Ring Topology 67

Mesh or Matrix Topology 67

Cellular Topology 68

Hierarchical Network Model 68

Access Methods 69

Ethernet 71

Xerox s PARC Facility 72

Token Ring 75

FDDI 78

Broadcasts 80

Broadcasts and Collisions 80

Collisions 81

Summary 82

Practice Questions 82

Questions 82

Answers 83

Chapter 4 OSI Model-Layer 2 85

Data Link Layer:Layer 2 85

Network Interface Card 86

Exercise:Downloading Drivers 88

Media Access Control 94

Logical Link Control 98

Layer 2 Devices 99

Bridges 100

Network Interface Card 100

LAN Switches 105

Summary 111

Chapter Review 111

Case Study:The Elm Park Elementary School 111

Practice Questions 116

Questions 116

Answers 118

Chapter 5 OSI Model-Layer 3 119

Network Layer:Layer 3 120

Names and Addresses 120

Routing Data 125

Routable vs.Nonroutable Protocols 128

Routable vs.Routing Protocols 128

Network Protocols 128

IP Addressing Basics 137

Layer 3 Devices 140

TCP/IP Acronyms 141

Optional Exercises 143

Address Exercise 143

Basic Connectivity Exercise 147

ARP Exercise 150

Network Configuration Exercise 151

Summary 156

Case Study:The Elm Park Elementary School 156

Case Study Suggested Solution 158

Practice Questions 158

Questions 158

Answers 160

Chapter 6 OSI Model-Layer 4 161

Transport Layer:Layer 4 162

Connection-Oriented vs.Connectionless Protocols 162

Error Recovery(Reliability) 163

Flow Control 164

Layer 4 Protocols 165

Port Numbers 167

TCP Connection Establishment and Termination 168

Summary 171

Practice Questions 172

Questions 172

Answers 173

Chapter 7 OSI Model-Layers 5,6 and 7 175

Session Layer.Layer 5 176

Dialogue Separation 177

Dialogue Control 177

Session Establishment,Termination,and Reestablishment 177

Layer 5 Protocols 178

Presentation Layer:Layer 6 179

Data Formatting 179

Data Compression 182

Data Encryption 184

Format Exercise 184

Application Layer:Layer 7 185

Network Applications 186

Standalone Applications 186

Application Layer Example 186

Hyperlinks Exercise 193

HOSTS Exercise 193

Summary 196

Questions 197

Practice Questions 197

Answers 199

Chapter 8 Servers and Network Operating Systems 201

Network Operating Systems 202

Peer-to Peer Network or Server-Based Network 202

NOS Choices 204

Server Serveices 208

Network Security 212

Network Security Policies 212

Written Company Network Security Policies 213

User Accounts 214

Groups 215

User Profiles 217

Server Hardware 218

User Policies 218

Performance Monitor 219

Fault Tolerance 221

Redundancy 222

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks(RAID) 222

Back-Up Operations 224

Uninterruptible Power Supply 225

Power Conditioning 226

Disaster Recovery Plan 226

Anti-Virus Protection 227

Summary 227

Chapter 9 IP Addressing and Subnetting 229

Understanding the Numbers 230

Decimal Values 230

Binary to Decimal 233

Decimal to Binary 235

Working with the Table Relationships 236

Hexadecimal to Decimal 237

Decimal to Hexadecimal 238

Hexadecimal and Binary Numbers 239

IP Classful Addressing 240

Network/Host Relationships 241

Class Default Routing Masks 242

Private Addresses 244

Determining the Number of Hosts 244

Determining the Number of Classful Networks 245

Things to Remember About Classful Addresses 246

IP Classful Subnets 249

Simple Solutions 250

Not-So-Simple Solutions 251

What About Valid Subnets? 255

Number of Hosts per Subnet 256

Determining a Subnet Address 260

Summarize Classful Subnetting 262

Classless Inter-Domain Routing(CIDR) 263

CIDR as Part of the Solution 264

Prefix Notation 265

Supernetting 265

Variable-Length Subnet Masks(VLSM) 267

Why Use Variable-Length Subnet Masks 267

Network Address Translation(NAT) 268

Using the Windows Calculator 270

Using an IP Calculator 271

RFC Search 274

Summary 277

Case Study:Tri-City Medical Group 277

Practice Questions 280

Questions 280

Answers 281

Chapter 10 LAN Design 283

LAN Design 284

Design Goals 285

Network Scalability Requirements 285

Hierarchical Network Model 288

LAN Design Issues 290

Gathering and Analyzing Requirements 295

Customer Requirements 296

Determining the Network Design 298

Analyze Information 298

Document the Current Network 298

Layer 1:Physical Layer 299

Layer 2:Data Link Layer 304

Layer 3:Network Layer 308

Logical and Physical Network Maps 309

Summary 309

Practice Questions 310

Questions 310

Answers 311

Chapter 11 Elements of Routing 313

Routing Fundamentals 314

How Addresses Represent Network Paths 314

Routing Requirements 317

Routing Methods 318

Expert Discussion 318

Dynamic Routing 319

Static Routing 322

Default Routing 325

Routing Protocol Fundamentals 326

Distance-Vector Protocols 326

Link-State Protocols 337

Summary of Distance-Vector and Link-State Protocols 340

Hybrid Routing Protocols 340

Interior vs.Exterior Routing Protocols 341

Concluding with the Switching Process 342

Summary 344

Case Study:Xaliphor Advertising 345

Xaliphor Advertising——Analysis Worksheet 346

Xaliphor Advertising——Analysis Solutions 346

Questions 347

Practice Questions 347

Answers 350

Chapter 12 Router Basics and Router Setup 353

Cisco Router Models 354

Router Interfaces 355

Three Levels of Router Implementation 359

Expert Discussion 360

Hardware Basics 365

Cisco IOS 368

What You Need for Hands-On Experience 371

Exploring a Router 375

Console Cable 375

Setting Up a Hyper Terminal Session 377

Hyper Terminal Exercise 377

Command-Line Interface(CLI) 379

User and Privilege EXEC Modes 380

Configuration Modes 381

Router Help Feature 382

Using tab to Complete a Word 383

IOS Command History 383

IOS Editing Commands 385

Show Commands 385

Basics Exercise 385

Capturing the Configuration Exercise 392

Cisco Router Setup Feature 394

Setting Up Global Parameters 395

Sample Setup Session 395

Summary 396

Questions 397

Practice Questions 397

Answers 399

Chapter 13 Router Configuration 401

Router Configuration 401

Erasing of Clearing the Router Configuration 403

Configuring the Interfaces 408

Enabling IP Routing 419

Passwords and Router Security 447

Device Names and Name Resolution 451

Descriptions,Messages,and a Start File 457

Cisco IOS 460

Router Password Recovery 472

ConfigMaker 473

Using a Web Browser 475

Questions 477

Summary 477

Practice Questions 477

Answers 481

Chapter 14 Novell NetWare 483

Novell IPX/SPX Protocol Suite 484

IPX Addressing 485

Encapsulation Methods 486

Configuring a Workstation 488

Configuring a Router 492

IPX Routing 500

Connectivity 506

IPX SAP and GNS 508

Summary 509

Questions 510

Practice Questions 510

Answers 512

Chapter 15 Access Control Lists——Managing Network Traffic and Resources 513

Access Control Lists(ACLs) 514

Why Use ACLs 514

ACLs and Network Protocols 515

Access List Basics 515

IP Access Lists 521

IPX Access Lists 544

ACLs and Firewall Routers 549

Summary 551

Practice Questions 551

Questions 551

Answers 559

Chapter 16 LAN Switching 561

Legacy Ethernet 562

LAN Switching Fundamentals 563

Layer 2,Layer 3,and Upper-Layer Switching 564

LAN Switching Advantages 565

Virtual Local Area Networks 574

The Practical Side to VLANs 576

VLAN Implementation Methods 576

VLAN Communication 577

VLAN Benefits 578

Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol 582

Summary 584

Case Study:Atlantis College 584

Design Worksheet for Atlantis College 586

Case Study-Suggested Solutions 586

Questions 587

Practice Questions 587

Answers 589

Chapter 17 Introduction to Wide Area Networks 591

WAN Overview 592

Terminology 593

WAN Devices 594

WAN Connectivity Approaches 596

WANs at the Physical Layer 599

WANs at the Data Link Layer 599

HDLC 600

Expert Discussion 600

PPP 602

LAPB 602

Frame Relay 603

ISDN 604

Summary 606

Case Study:Tuvix IT Solutions 607

Practice Questions 609

Questions 610

Answers 614

Chapter 18 PPP 615

PPP Overview 616

PPP and the OSI Model 616

PPP Framing 617

PPP Stages of Operation 618

Link Establishment and Configuration Negotiation 619

PPP Link Authentication 620

Network Layer Protocol Configuration Negotiation 620

Transmission and Link Termination 620

Authentication 620

Link-Quality Determination 620

PAP 621

CHAP 622

Expert Discussion 622

Basic PPP Configuration 625

PPP Encapsulation Configuration 625

PAP Configuration 625

CHAP Configuration 625

Verifying PPP 626

Summary 626

Case Study:Deus Institute 627

Case Study-Suggested Solutions 628

Configuration Worksheet for the Deus Institute 628

Practice Questions 629

Questions 629

Answers 630

Chapter 19 ISDN 631

ISDN Elements 631

ISDN Services 632

ISDN Components 634

ISDN Call Setup 634

ISDN Reference Points 636

ISDN Solutions 637

ISDN Remote Connectivity Methods 638

ISDN Protocols 639

Physical Layer ISDN Protocols 640

ISDN at the Data Link Layer 640

DDR Overview 641

ISDN at the Network Layer 641

ISDN BRI Configuration 642

Setting the ISDN Switch Type 642

Setting the SPID 642

Setting the Encapsulation Protocol 644

DDR Configuration 644

Defining Interesting Traffic 644

Specifying Static Routes 645

Configuring Dialer Instructions 646

Example BRI DDR configuration 647

Verifying and Troubleshooting ISDN and DDR 648

Summary 648

Case Study:Remote Connectivity with ISDN and DDR 648

Case Study-Suggested Solutions 649

Configuration Worksheet for Remote Office Router 649

Practice Questions 650

Questions 650

Answers 653

Chapter 20 Frame Relay 655

Frame Relay Elements 656

Expert Discussion 656

DLCI 658

Frame Relay Frame Format 659

LMI 659

Inverse ARP 662

Swapping the DLCI 664

Frame Ralay Switching Table 664

Frame Relay Traffic Control 665

Frame Relay Topologies 667

Reachability Issues with Frame Relay 669

Subinterface Types 671

Frame Relay Configuration 675

Enabling Frame Relay Encapsulation 675

Specifying the LMI type 675

Configuring the Link Bandwidth 675

Enabling Inverse ARP 676

Configuring a Static Map 676

Configuring Subinterfaces 676

Steps to Configuring Subinterfaces 677

Subinterface Configuration Examples 678

Monitorng,Verifying,and Troubleshooting Frame Relay 683

The show interfaces serial Command 683

The show frame-relay lmi Command 684

The show frame-relay map Command 685

The show frame-relay pvc Command 685

The debug frame-relay Command 686

Summary 686

Case Study:Zahandra Communications 687

Practice Questions 690

Questions 690

Answers 691

Chapter 21 Evolving Internet Connectivity 693

Cable Modems 693

Cisco Cable Devices 695

Always-On Technology 696

How Cable Connections Work 696

Internet Service on Cable 698

Shared Bandwidth Concerns 699

Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) 699

Different Flavors of DSL Service 700

How DSL Works 700

Always-On Technology 703

Wireless Network Access 704

Direct Broadcast Satellite(DBS) 704

Multi-Channel Multipoint Distribution Services(MMDS) 705

Local Multipoint Distribution Services 706

Ricochet 707

Network Architecture 707

Wireless Local Area Networking 707

Wireless LAN standard 708

Security 708

Summary 708

Chapter 22 WAN Design 711

WAN Design Considerations 712

Network Scalability Requirements 713

LAN/WAN Integration 715

WAN Design Issues 717

WAN Design Requirements 717

Customer Requirements 719

Gathering Information 721

Analyzing Information 721

Hierarchical Network Model 721

WAN Options 725

Selecting the Router 728

Summary 728

Practice Questions 729

Questions 729

Answers 730

Appendix A Router Configurations 731

Glossary 745