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Part One TENSES 1

Ⅰ.PRESENT TIME FORMS 1

(1) Present Tense 1

(2) FreQuency Adverbs With Present Tenses 1

(3) Modals and Other Expressions in Present Time 2

(4) Present Continuous 4

(5) Modals in Continuous Form 5

(6) Present Perfect 6

(7) Present Perfect Continuous 8

Practice Test 1 and the Answers 8

Ⅱ.PAST TIME FORMS 11

(1) Past Tense 11

(2) Past Continuous 12

(3) Past Perfect 13

(4) Past Perfect Continuous 15

(5) Past Tine Form of Modals 15

Practice Test 2 18

Ⅲ.FUTURE TIME FORMS 20

(1) Future Tense 20

(2) Modals in Future Time 21

(3) Future Continuous 23

(4) Future Perfect 24

(5) Future Perfect Continuous 25

Practice Test 3 and the Answers 26

Part Two PASSIVE VOICE AND CAUSATIVE PASSIVE VOICE 29

Ⅰ.THE PASSIVE VOICE 29

Ⅱ.THE CAUSAIVE PASSIVE VOICE 31

Practice Test 4 and the Answers 32

Ⅰ.FORMATION OF QUESTIONS 35

Part Three FORMATION OF QUESTIONS，TAG ENDINGS，AND NEGATIVE QUESTIONS 35

Ⅱ.TAG ENDINGS 36

(1) Tag Endings With“Be” 37

(2) Tag Endings with Present and Past Tenso Action Verbs 37

(3) Tag Endings with Other Auxiliaries 38

Ⅲ.NEGATIVE QUESTIONS 38

Practice Test 5 and the Answers 39

Part Four INDIRECT SPEECH 42

Ⅰ.REPORTING VERBS 42

Ⅱ.SEQUENCE OF TENSES 42

Ⅲ.OTHER INDIRECT SPEECH FORMS 44

Part Five THE CONDITIONAL FORM 46

CONDITIONAL CLAUSES 46

Practice Test 6 and the Answers 50

Ⅰ.INFENITIVES 54

Part Six VERBALS 54

(1) Other Types of Infinitives 55

(2) Verbs Followcd by Infinitives 56

(3) Infinitives in Short Responses 58

Ⅱ.GERUNDS 59

(1) Gerunds With Verbs 59

(2) Gerunds With Other Expressions 61

(3) Perfect Form of the Gerunds 62

(4) Passive Form of the Gerunds 63

(5) Perfeet Passive Form of the Gerunds 63

Ⅲ.VERB WORDS 64

Proposals 66

Practice Test 7 and the Answers 68

Part Seven PARTS OF SPEECH 72

Ⅰ.NOUNS 72

Ⅱ.ARTICLES 74

Ⅲ.VERBS 77

(1) Tow-Word Verbs 79

(2) Verbs Followed by Indirect Object 79

Ⅳ.ADJECTIVES 80

(1) Present and Psat Participles as Adjectives 80

(2) Adjectives Aftcr State of Being Verbs and Linking Verbs 81

(3) ADjectives of Emotion Followed by Adverbial That Clauses 82

(4) Comparison of Adjectives 82

(5) Adjectives With Countable and Uncountable Nouns 85

(6) Additional Rules About Adjectives 86

Ⅴ.ADVERBS 88

(1) Comparison of Advcrbs 89

(2) Other Adverbs 90

(3) Position of Adverbs 93

(2) Other Pronouns 95

(1) Subject Pronouns 95

Ⅵ.PRONOUNS 95

(3) Possessive Adjective Pronouns 96

(4) Posscssive Noun Pronouns 96

(5) Reflexive Pronouns 97

(6) Demonstrative Pronouns 97

(7) Relative Puonouns 98

Ⅶ.PREPOSITIONS 101

Practice Test 8 and the Answers 106

Part Eight WRITING STRUCTURE AND FORM 114

Ⅰ.SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT 114

Ⅱ.PRONOUN-ANTECEDENT AGREEMENT 118

Ⅲ.TYPES OF CLAUSES AND SENTENCES 120

(1) Indepcndent and Dependent Clauses 121

(2) Types of Sentences 122

(1) Kinds of Conjunctions 124

Ⅳ.USING CONJUNCTIONS 124

(2) Some Common Conjunctions 125

Ⅴ.ESTABLISHING A VIEWPOINT：TENSE CONSISTENCY 127

(1) Modifying Adjective Phrases with Participles 129

(2) Additional Uses of Participles and Phrases 131

Ⅵ.PARALLEL STRUCTURE 133

Special Word Order 135

Ⅶ.BASIC RULES OF WRITTEN EXPRESSION 136

Ⅷ.LITERARY VARIATION IN SENTENCE.ORDER 139

Practice Test 9 and the Answers 140

Practice Test 10 and the Answers 145

Practice Test 11 and the Answers 150

Practice Test 12 and the Answers 154

Practice Test 13 and the Answers 159

Practice Test 14 and the Answers 163

Practice Test 15 and the Answers 168

Practice Test 16 and the Answers 172

Practice Test 17 and the Answers 178

Practice Test 18 and the Answers 181

Practice Test 19 and the Answers 186

Practice Test 20 and the Answers 191

Grammar Test of the TOEFL May，1987and the Answers 196

Grammar Test of the TOEFL August，1987 and the Answers 201

Grammar Test of the TOEFL November，1987 and the Answers 207

Grammar Test of the TOEFL May，1988 and the Answers 213

Grammar Test of the TOEFL October，1988 and the Answers 218

Grammar Test of the TOEFL January，1989 and the Answers 224

Grammar Test of the TOEFL May，1989 and the Answers 230

Grammar Test of the TOEFL August， 1989 and the Answers 235

Grammar Test of the TOEFL October，1989 and the Answers 241