CCNP学习指南 Cisco网络互连故障排除 英文版PDF电子书下载

1 Troubleshooting Methodology 1

Foreword 3

Symptoms, Causes, and Actions 3

Slow Response Time 4

Performance Alerts and Notifications 5

About the Contributors 7

Generic Problem-Solving Model 7

Steps to Solving a Problem 8

Acknowledgments 10

Pointers for Problem Solving 11

Recommended Troubleshooting Procedures 12

Documentation Methods 14

Protocol Characteristics Review 16

Connection-Oriented vs. Connectionless 16

Preface 21

Introduction 25

Certification Summary 29

Two-Minute Drill 30

SelfTest 33

2 LAN Troubleshooting Problem Areas 37

PHysical Layer Responsibilities 38

Data Link Layer Responsibilities 39

MAC Layer 41

Logical Link Layer 42

Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 45

CSMA/CD Protocol 45

Ethernet Statistics for Troubleshooting 49

Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 52

Understanding MAC Communications 53

Troubleshooting Token Ring Networks 57

FDDI 59

ATM LAN Emulation(LANE) 61

Encapsulation Methods 66

Certification Summary 69

Two-Minute Drill 70

SelfTest 72

3 WAN Troubleshooting Problem Areas 75

Point-to-Point Protocols 76

PPP Frame 76

LCP/NCP 77

Encapsulation 78

Authentication 79

Link States 80

SHOW INTERFACE and DEBUG Commands 80

HDLC 82

SDLC 84

PPP 85

Switched Protocols 87

Frame Relay 87

X.25 94

SMDS 96

ATM 99

ISDN 104

Layer 2 of ISDN 106

Layer 3 of ISDN 107

Certification Summary 111

Two-Minute Drill 111

SelfTest 114

4 The Internet Protocol(IP) 117

Technology Features Recap 118

A Note About Terminology 119

IP, UDP, TCP, ICMP, and Common Ports 119

A Closer Look at TCP 123

UDP 136

IP Broadcast and Multicast 140

ICMP 143

ICMP Redirects 145

ARP Caching 148

DNS and DNS Caching 154

Default Gateway 157

IP Helper Addresses 158

Obtaining an Address via DHCP 160

Common User Tasks 160

Web Page Download 168

FTP Transfer 171

Common Problems and Fixes 173

Splitting the Problem in Half 173

Ping Test 173

Packet-Level Debugging 174

Troubleshooting Lower Layers 177

Transport and Above 178

Certification Summary 181

Two-Minute Drill 184

SelfTest 188

5 Novell s Internetwork Packet Exchange(IPX) Protocol 191

IPX Protocol Suite 192

IPX 192

SPX 199

NCP 202

Packet Burst 204

LIP 204

IPX NetBIOS 206

RIP 209

SAP 212

NLSP 217

Common Packet Types and Port Numbers 224

Common User Tasks 226

Workstation Bootup(Bindery Mode) 229

Workstation Bootup(NDS Mode) 230

How SLIST Really Works 232

How Printing Really Works 233

Router Proxy GNS by Default 233

Common Problems and Fixes 235

Local Connectivity Problems 235

Connectivity Problems Through a Cisco Router 237

Intermittent Connectivity Problems 241

IPX NetBIOS Problems 242

Certification Summary 243

Two-Minute Drill 244

SelfTest 247

6 Apple s AppleTalk Protocol 249

The Evolution of Apple Talk 250

LocalTalk 251

Common Mac User Tasks 252

Bootup and Address Assignment 253

Zone Lists 260

Chooser Lists 266

Common AppleTalk Problems and Fixes 269

Routing Problems 270

Something Missing on the Network 273

AppleTalk Interface Goes Down 275

Certification Summary 277

Two-Minute Drill 278

SelfTest 281

7 Common Routing Protocols 285

Periodic Broadcast-Based Protocols 286

Routing Information Protocol(RIP) 287

Troubleshooting RIP 290

Cisco s Interior Gateway Routing Protocol(IGRP) 293

Troubleshooting IGRP 295

IPX RIP and Service Advertising Protocol(SAP) 296

Troubleshooting IPX RIP 297

AppleTalk Routing Table Maintenance Protocol(RTMP) 298

Troubleshooting AppleTalk Networks 300

Event-Driven Protocols 302

Open Shortest Path First(OSPF) 303

Troubleshooting OSPF 305

Cisco s Enhanced IGRP(EIGRP) 307

Troubleshooting EIGRP 309

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 314

Troubleshooting BGP 316

Certification Summary 320

Two-Minute Drill 321

SelfTest 324

8 Troubleshooting Tools 327

Using Router Diagnostic Tools 329

Telnet 330

Ping 331

Traceroute 333

Accounting 334

Router Web Interface 336

Router Logging 337

Introduction to Cisco Works 338

The Role of SNMP 338

SNMP Traps 341

Managing with Cisco Works 342

The Cisco Works Applications 345

Using Third-Party Tools 346

CMU SNMP Library 346

Packet Analyzers 349

Hardware Tools 350

Other Places to Find Troubleshooting Tools 353

Certification Summary 353

Two-Minute Drill 355

SelfTest 357

9 Cisco s Diagnostic Tools 361

Interface-Specific Commands 362

IP Interfaces 366

IPX Interfaces 368

Apple Talk Interfaces 370

WAN Interfaces 371

Memory and Process Commands 377

Buffer and Message-Logging Commands 380

Using Ping, Extended Ping, and Traceroute to Confirm Network Connectivity 383

Certification Summary 386

Two-Minute Drill 387

SelfTest 389

10 Advanced Diagnostic Tools 391

Debug Mode 392

Debug Mode Cautions 394

Debugging at the Protocol Level 396

Interface Debugging 399

Fault-Tracking Commands 406

Logging 407

Interconnectivity Commands 413

How to Perform a Core Dump 416

Hardware Diagnostics 418

Certification Summary 430

Two-Minute Drill 431

SelfTest 433

11 Campus Switches and VLANs 437

Interface Configuration 438

Speed and Duplex Detection 440

Security 440

Virtual LANs(VLANs) 441

VLAN Assignment 442

Virtual Trunking Protocol(VTP) 444

Inter-Switch Link(ISL)Trunks 447

Spanning Tree Protocol 449

BPDU Hello Packets 451

PortFast 453

UplinkFast 454

Troubleshooting with the Span Port 455

Spanning a Switch Port 456

Spanning a VLAN 457

Common Problems and Fixes 457

The SHOW Commands(CAM DYNAMIC, VLAN, MODULE, and PORT) 458

Deleted VLAN 460

10/100 Autodetect Broken 460

Missing VTP Domain 460

Disabled Ports 460

Wrong Speed 461

Mismatched Duplex 461

Code Rev Not Supporting New Module 461

Certification Summary 463

Two-Minute Drill 464

SelfTest 467

12 Hands-on Troubleshooting 471

Troubleshooting LANs 472

Ethernet 473

Token Ring 477

Fiber Distributed Data Interface(FDDI) 479

Troubleshooting WANs 482

Serial Line Connections 482

ISDN 484

Frame Relay 486

Troubleshooting TCP/IP 488

Troubleshooting IPX 493

Troubleshooting AppleTalk 496

Using Cisco Support Functions 499

CCO Docs 499

CCO Open Forum 499

CD-ROM 500

Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) 500

Certification Summary 500

Two-Minute Drill 501

SelfTest 503

13 Troubleshooting the ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 507

The ISDN Physical Layer 508

The ISDN CO Switch 509

The NT1 Device 510

Verifying Layer 1 Activation 511

The ISDN Data Link Layer (Q.921) 513

Q.921 Startup Procedures 513

Verifying LAPD Status 515

Configuring SPIDs 517

ISDN Layer 3: SPIDs 517

SPID Verification 518

Dial-on-Demand Routing(DDR) 520

Defining Interesting Traffic 520

Defining Whom to Call 521

Troubleshooting DDR 522

ISDN Q.931 for Call Setup and Teardown 524

Q.931 Call Establishment 524

Q.931 Setup Messages 525

Call Teardown 527

PPP: The Point-to-Point Protocol 529

The Link Control Protocol 531

The Network Control Protocols 534

Multilink PPP 535

Certification Summary 535

Two-Minute Drill 536

SelfTest 539

A SelfTest Answers 543

Answers to Chapter 1 SelfTest 544

Answers to Chapter 2 SelfTest 548

Answers to Chapter 3 SelfTest 551

Answers to Chapter 4 SelfTest 554

Answers to Chapter 5 SelfTest 558

Answers to Chapter 6 SelfTest 561

Answers to Chapter 7 SelfTest 564

Answers to Chapter 8 SelfTest 567

Answers to Chapter 9 SelfTest 570

Answers to Chapter 10 SelfTest 574

Answers to Chapter 11 SelfTest 577

Answers to Chapter 12 SelfTest 580

Answers to Chapter 13 SelfTest 583

B About the CD 587

Personal Testing Center Test Type Choices 588

Saving Scores as Cookies 589

Using the Browser Buttons 589

Managing Windows 589

Live 589

JavaScript Errors 590

Practice 590

Review 590

Scoring 591

C About the Web Site 593

Access Global Knowledge 594

What You ll Find There 594

Glossary 595

Index 641