对比修辞 第二语言写作的跨文化层面PDF电子书下载

Ⅰ PRELIMINARIES;EARLY PHASES OF THE FIELD 1

1 Toward an extended definition of contrastive rhetoric 3

Writing in a second language:anecdotal evidence about problems and solutions 3

Study of second language writing:the emergence of contrastive rhetoric 5

Aims,purposes,and outline of this book 6

Building a comprehensive theory of contrastive rhetoric 8

2 Contrastive rhetoric studies in applied linguistics 12

Contrastive analysis,error analysis,and analysis of interlanguage 12

Development of contrastive rhetoric:parallel with contrastive analysis 14

International Englishes 16

New directions in contrastive rhetorical research in applied linguistics contexts 18

Summary 26

3 Historical evolution of contrastive rhetoric:from Kaplan's 1966 study to diversification in languages,genres,and authors 28

Origins of contrastive rhetoric 28

Arabic 34

Chinese 37

Japanese 41

Korean,German,Finnish,Spanish,and Czech 45

Summary 54

Ⅱ INTERFACES WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES 57

4 Contrastive rhetoric and the field of rhetoric and composition 59

The role of rhetoric and composition in college education in the United States 59

Classical rhetoric 62

The expressionist approach 71

Contrastive rhetoric and the expressionist approach 72

Writing as a cognitive approach 74

The social constructivist approach 76

Summary 79

5 Contrastive rhetoric and text linguistics 80

Brief overview of the history of text linguistics;definitions 80

Major schools of thought in text linguistics 81

Concepts and methods of text linguistics and their application to the study of writing 83

NORDTEXT and NORDWRITE text linguistic projects of student writing 89

Survey of contrastive rhetorical studies with a text linguistic emphasis 90

Summary 97

6 Writing as an activity embedded in a culture 100

Definition of"culture" 101

Psychological investigations of culture and literacy 101

Anthropological study of culture and literacy 105

Educational study of culture and literacy 107

Studies of culture and literacy conducted by applied linguists 113

Summary 115

7 Contrastive rhetoric and translation studies 117

Development of theories of translation studies 117

Transfer in contrastive rhetoric and translation theory 120

Issues in common:theories of"acceptability"and"adequacy"in translation 121

Summary 123

8 Genre-specific studies in contrasnve rhetoric 126

The concept of genre 126

School writing 129

Academic writing 132

Professional writing 135

Learning academic writing in sociocognitive perspective as a dynamic activity 145

Summary 149

Ⅲ IMPLICATIONS OF CONTRASTIVE RHETORIC 151

9 Methods of research in contrastive rhetoric 153

Guidance from studies of composition pedagogy 153

Methods of contrastive rhetorical research 155

Summary and implications 162

10 Conclusion:Implications and research directions 166

Implications from contrastive text studies 167

Implications from contrastive process-based writing 167

Implications from contrastive genre-specific research in EFL settings 169

Testing ESL/EFL writing in a cross-cultural setting 170

Research directions 172

References 175

Author index 195

Subject index 199