美国英语语法 初级PDF电子书下载

Lessons 1一14 1

Lesson 1 1

LESSON FOCUS The Present Tense of Be 1

READING The United States 2

1．1 Forms of Be 4

1．2 Uses of Be 4

1．3 Word order with Be 5

1．4 The Subject 6

READING Postcard from New York City 8

1．5 Contractions with Be 9

1．6 Be with Descriptions 10

1．7 Be with Definitions 12

1．8 Be with Location and Origin 15

1．9 This，That，These，Those 17

1．10 Negative Statements with Be 18

READING Conversation about Life in the U.S. 23

1．11 Be in Yes/No Questions and Short Answers 24

1．12 Wh-Questions 27

1．13 Questions with What and How 29

Summary 32

Editing Advice 33

Test/Review 35

Expansion Activities 39

LESSON FOCUS Simple Present Tense 43

Lesson 2 43

READING Washington，D.C. 44

2．1 Simple Present Tense—Forms 45

2．2 Simple Present Tense—Uses 46

2．3 Spelling of the -s Form 47

2．4 Pronunciation of the -s Form 48

2．5 Comparing Affirmative Statements with Be and Other Verbs 49

READING Meet Sara Harris 50

2．6 Negative Statements with the Simple Present Tense 51

2．7 Comparing Negative Statements with Be and Other Verbs 54

2．8 Yes/No Questions and Short Answers with the Simple Present Tense 56

2．9 Comparing Yes/No Questions with Be and Other Verbs 60

2．10 Or Questions 61

2．11 Wh-Questions with the Simple Present Tense 62

2．12 Wh-Questions with Prepositions 62

2．13 Questions about Meaning，Spelling，and Cost 65

2．14 Comparing Wh-Questions with Be and Other Verbs 67

Summary 69

Editing Advice 70

Test/Review 72

Expansion Activities 77

Lesson 3 81

LESSON FOCUS Singular and Plural；Articles and Quantity Words；There+Be+Noun 81

READING Americans and Where They Live 82

3．1 Regular Noun Plurals 83

3．2 Pronunciation of Plural Nouns 84

3．3 Irregular Noun Plurals 85

3．4 Making Generalizations 86

READING Finding an Apartment 91

3．5 Using There+Be 92

3．6 Questions with There 94

3．7 There vs.They and Other Pronouns 97

READING Calling About an Apartment 99

3．8 Articles and Quantity Words 99

Summary 101

Editing Advice 102

Test/Review 103

Expansion Activities 105

Lesson 4 109

LESSON FOCUS Frequency Words with the Simple Present Tense；Prepositions of Time 109

READING Three Special Days 110

4．1 Frequency Words with the Simple Present Tense 111

4．2 Position of Frequency Words 112

4．3 Yes/No Questions with Ever 114

4．4 Frequency Expressions and Questions with How Often 117

4．5 Prepositions of Time 121

Summary 122

Editing Advice 123

Test/Review 123

Expansion Activities 126

Lesson 5 129

LESSON FOCUS Possession；Object Pronouns 129

5．1 Posssessive Form of Nouns 130

READING Names 130

5．2 Posssessive Adjectives 132

5．3 Questions with Whose 133

5．4 Possessive Pronouns 134

5．5 The Subject and the Object 136

READING William Madison s Name 136

5．6 Object Pronouns 137

5．7 Questions about the Subject or about the Complement 142

Summary 144

Editing Advice 145

Test/Review 147

Expansion Activities 150

Lesson 6 153

LESSON FOCUS The Present Continuous Tense 153

READING Student Life 154

6．1 The Present Continuous Tense一Forms 155

6．2 The Present Contnuous Tense一Uses 156

6．3 Spelling of the-ing Form 157

6．4 Questions with the Present Continuous Tense 159

6．5 Contrast of Present Continuous and Simple Present 165

READING In the School Cafeteria 165

6．6 Action vs.Nonaction Verbs 167

6．7 Think，Have，and the Sense Perception Verbs 169

Summary 173

Editing Advice 174

Test/Review 175

Expansion Activities 179

LESSON FOCUS Future Tenses一Will and Be Going To 181

Lesson 7 181

READING Registering for Gifts 182

7．1 Future with Will 183

7．2 Future with Be Going To 184

7．3 Will and Be Going To—Uses 185

7．4 Questions with Be Going To and Will 189

7．5 Future Tense+Time/If Clause 191

READING Jason and Katie—Starting a Married Life 197

7．6 Comparison of Tenses 198

Summary 201

Editing Advice 202

Test/Review 203

Test on Comparison of Tenses 206

Expansion Activities 208

Lesson 8 211

LESSON FOCUS The Simple Past Tense 211

READING The Wright Brothers—Men with a vision 212

8．1 The Simple Past Tense of Regular Verbs 213

8．2 Spelling of the Past Tense of Regular Verbs 214

8．3 Pronunciation of-ed Past Forms 215

READING Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart 216

8．4 Past Tense of Be 217

8．5 Uses of Be 218

8．6 Questions with Was/Were 219

8．7 Simple Past Tense of Irregular Verbs 221

READING Robert Goddard 223

8．8 Negative Forms of Past Tense Verbs 225

8．9 Questions with Past Tense Verbs 228

8．10 Questions about the Subject 233

Summary 236

Editing Advice 237

Test/Review 238

Expansion Activities 242

Lesson 9 245

LESSON FOCUS Imperatives； Infinitives；Modals 245

READING Application for Check Cashing 246

9．1 Using Imperatives 247

9．2 Let s 249

READING Getting the Best Price 251

9．3 Verbs Followed by an Infinitive 252

9．4 It+Be+Adjective+Infinitive 254

9．5 Be+Adjective+Infinitive 255

9．6 Using the Infinitive to Show Purpose 256

9．7 Overview of Modals 257

READING Smart Shopping:Coupons，Rebates，and Rain Checks 258

9．8 Can 259

9．9 Should 261

9．10 Must 264

9．11 Must vs.Have To 265

9．12 Might，May，Will 267

READING At the Customer Service Counter 269

9．13 Making Polite Commands and Requests with Modals 269

Summary 270

Editing Advice 272

Test/Review 273

Expansion Activities 277

LESSON FOCUS Count and Noncount Nouns；Quantity Words 281

Lesson 10 281

READING A Healthy Diet 282

10．1 Noncount Nouns 283

10．2 Ways We See Noncount Nouns 285

10．3 A Lot of，Much，Many 286

10．4 A Few，A little 287

10．5 Some，Any，and A 288

10．6 A Lot of vs. Too Much/Too Many 292

10．7 Too Much/Too Many vs.too 293

Summary 296

Editing Advice 296

Test/Review 298

Expansion Activities 300

Lesson 11 303

LESSON FOCUS Adjectives；Noun Modifiers；Adverbs 303

READING Helen Keller 304

11．1 Adjectives，Noun Modifers，and Adverbs 305

11．2 Adjectives 306

11．3 Noun Modifiers 307

11．4 Adverbs of Manner 308

11．5 Spelling of-ly Adverbs 309

READING Grandma Moses 313

11．6 Too vs.Very 313

11．7 Too vs.Enough 314

Summary 315

Editing Advice 316

Test/Review 317

Expansion Activities 319

Lesson 12 321

LESSON FOCUS Comparatives；Superlatives 321

READING U.S. Geography 322

12．1 Comparatives and Superlatives 323

12．2 Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs 323

12．3 Superlative Adjectives 325

12．4 Superlatives and Wold Order 328

READING A Tale of Two Cities 329

12．5 Comparisons 330

12．6 Word Order with Comparisons 332

Summary 336

Editing Advice 337

Test/Review 337

Expansion Activities 339

Lesson 13 343

LESSON FOCUS Auxiliary Verbs with Too and Either； Auxiliary Verbs in Tag Questions 343

READING Football and Soccer 344

13．1 Auxiliary Verbs with Too and Either 345

13．2 Auxiliary Verbs with Opposite Statements 346

13．3 Auxiliary Verbs in Tag Questions 349

13．4 Answering a Tag Question 353

Summary 356

Editing Advice 357

Test/Review 357

Expansion Activities 360

Lesson 14 363

LESSON FOCUS Verb Review 363

READING Letter from Puerto Rico 364

14．1 Verb Tenses—Uses 365

14．2 Statements and Questions 367

14．3 Modals and Infinitives 372

Expansion Activities 376

Appendices A一K 379

A. The Verb GET 379

B. MAKE and DO 381

C. Question Formation 382

D. Alphabetical List of Irregular Past Forms 384

E. Meanings of Modals and Related Words 385

F. Capitalization Rules 386

G. Metric Conversion Chart 387

H. Prepositions of Time 389

I. Glossary of Grammatical Terms（语法术语） 390

J. Verbs and Adjectives Followed by a Preposition 395

K. My Wrod Bank 396

Answer Key 407

Answer key 407

Index 447

Index 447