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Acknowledgements 1

Dedication 1

The Creation of Science 1

1.The Early Greeks and their Predecessors 7

Science Must Begin with Myths 10

Two Cultures 13

Cosmos:an Elegant Universe 16

Myths and Theories 21

Natural Phenomena 26

2.The First Scientific Theories 30

The Fathers of Medicine 37

Eleatics and Atomists:Achilles and the Tortoise 41

The Pythagoreans:the Secret Magic of Numbers 45

Gome the Time of Proof 50

Euclid 53

Science and Technology 56

Great Achievement Assured 57

3.Men of the World 61

Plato 64

Teleology:the Best of all Possible Worlds 71

Atomism:Let us Trace the Pattern 72

No Slight or Trivial Influence 76

Aristotle:The Master of Those who Know 78

The Terrestrial Realm 80

The Heavens 82

Speculations Upon Matter 84

Aristotle and Qualities 85

Explanations 88

Direction of Explanation:Clockwork Lives 91

4.Heavenly Thoughts 95

Eudoxus:Thinking Regressively 108

Ptolemaic Astronomy 112

The Four Seasons 115

Revolutionary Thinking 117

Modelling the Heavens 118

5.The Origins of the Cosmos and of Life:Consider your Origins 125

6.Medicine and the Life Sciences 147

Galen 158

Ancient Thought on Blood 163

Aristotle and Biology Biology s Beginnings 169

Embryology and Species 170

Taxonomy 171

7.Later Greek Science:After Aristotle 174

Epicurus and Epicureanism:on the Nature of Things 176

Stoics：the Active and the Passive 178

Archimedes 181

Eratosthenes 185

Hero and his Engine 187

The Origins of Alchemy and Astrology 189

The Decline of Greek Science? All Good Things Must Come to an End 195

The Creation of Science 198

Appendices 211

Map of Ancient Greece 211

Glossary of Tarms 212

Timeline of Ancient Greek Philosopher-scientists 219

Further Reading 222