汽车尾气污染PDF电子书下载

1 汽车尾气污染物的产生、控制及其光化学反应··············· 1

1.1 汽车尾气污染物的产生····················· 1

1.1.1 汽车尾气排放的主要污染物··············· 1

目录 1

1.1.2 汽车尾气排放源······················ 5

1.2 汽车尾气污染物排放控制······················ 10

1.2.1 内燃机废气排放控制··················· 10

1.2.2 曲轴箱泄漏控制······················· 15

1.2.3 燃料系统蒸发排放控制···················· 15

1.3 汽车尾气污染物的光化学反应···················· 17

参考文献····························· 19

2.1汽车尾气污染物排放的试验室监测方法················ 20

2汽车尾气排放源的监测和估算······················ 20

2.1.1 内燃机废气排放的监测··················· 21

2.1.2 燃料系统蒸发排放的监测··················· 22

2.1.3 曲轴箱泄漏排放的监测···················· 23

2.2 道路汽车尾气排放的遥感监测方法·················· 24

2.2.1 红外线遥感监测的原理与方法················· 24

2.2.2 红外线遥感的监测结果···················· 26

2.2.3 影响红外线遥感监测精度的因素··············· 26

2.3 道路汽车尾气排放的公路隧道监测方法················ 28

2.4 道路汽车尾气排放的质量平衡监测方法··············· 30

2.4.1 质量平衡方法······················ 30

2.4.2 几个大型的道路汽车尾气扩散试验··············· 30

2.4.3 质量平衡方法的估算结果··················· 32

2.5.1 MOBILE系列模式······················ 34

2.5 汽车尾气污染物排放的数学模式··················· 34

2.5.2 EMFAC系列模式······················ 38

2.5.3 汽车尾气排放数学模式的精确度评价·············· 39

2.5.4 汽车尾气排放数学模式的发展趋势················ 41

2.6道路车流量的估算························· 42

2.6.1 车流量、车流密度与行车速度···················· 42

2.6.2 道路的通行能力························· 44

参考文献························· 49

3.1 湍流扩散基本理论························· 51

3.1.1 湍流扩散·························· 51

3道路汽车尾气扩散与数学模式·························· 51

3.1.2 污染物浓度分布标准差························· 52

3.1.3 湍流扩散的K理论（梯度－输送理论）········· 53

3.1.4 湍流扩散的统计理论·························· 55

3.1.5 大气扩散的高斯模式···················· 58

3.2 线源扩散的数学模式······················· 61

3.2.1 线源扩散的高斯模式····················· 61

3.2.2 线源扩散的K理论模式····················· 65

3.3 汽车运动对大气扩散的影响···················· 66

3.3.1 汽车尾迹理论（EH理论）················ 66

3.3.2 汽车尾迹理论的验证与修订·················· 69

3.3.3 汽车尾迹对大气扩散的影响··················· 71

3.4.1 CALINE系列道路汽车尾气扩散模式············· 74

3.4 道路汽车尾气扩散模式························· 74

3.4.2 HIWAY系列道路汽车尾气扩散模式·············· 80

3.4.3 ROADWAY道路汽车尾气扩散模式················ 80

3.4.4 道路汽车尾气扩散模式的验证················· 81

参考文献································ 84

4城市街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散与数学模式························· 86

4.1 街道峡谷内的微气象条件··························· 86

4.1.1 早期的街道峡谷微气象条件试验与模式·············· 86

4.1.2 芝加哥市街道峡谷风场示踪气球试验············· 88

4.1.3 科隆市街道峡谷流场与湍流场模式··················· 90

4.1.4 京都市街道峡谷风、温场观测·············· 92

4.1.5 广州市街道峡谷徵气象条件监测··············· 93

4.1.6 塔式建筑对街道流场的影响·················· 95

4.2 街道峡谷的汽车尾气扩散······················ 97

4.2.1 城市街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散试验················· 97

4.2.2 街道峡谷轮廓对汽车尾气扩散影响的风洞试验·········· 98

4.2.3 广州市街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散试验············· 102

4.3 简单实用的街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散模式·············· 108

4.3.1 San Jose市街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散经验模式········· 108

4.3.2 芝加哥市街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散模式············· 109

4.3.3 科隆市街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散烟羽箱模式·········· 110

4.3.4 广州市街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散模式············ 112

4.4 街道峡谷汽车尾气扩散模式评价················· 114

参考文献···························· 117

5.1 城市汽车尾气污染源······················ 119

5城市汽车尾气污染························· 119

5.2 汽车尾气污染的识别及其对大气污染的分担率··········· 122

5.2.1 汽车尾气污染源的示踪元素··············· 122

5.2.2 估算汽车尾气污染源分担率的多元线性回归方法······· 125

5.2.3 估算汽车尾气污染源分担率的化学质量平衡方法······ 126

5.3 汽车尾气污染对城市居民的影响················· 127

5.3.1 汽车尾气污染对驾驶员的影响··············· 128

5.3.2 汽车尾气污染对上班一族的影响············· 129

5.3.3 汽车尾气污染对广州市自行车上班一族的影响········ 130

参考文献···························· 132

6汽车尾气污染物排放标准······················ 134

6.1 排放标准制定的原则与方法················· 134

6.2 美国汽车尾气污染物排放标准················ 135

6.3 日本汽车尾气污染物排放标准·················· 137

6.4 我国的汽车尾气污染物排放标准················ 139

参考文献····························· 141

7城市汽车尾气污染的综合防治····················· 142

7.1 城市汽车尾气排放的控制与管理················· 142

7.1.1 汽车尾气排放的控制·················· 142

7.1.2 城市汽车尾气排放的监控管理··············· 145

7.2 道路大气环境容量与城市路网的交通调节············· 147

7.2.1 道路大气环境容量与容许最大车流量············ 147

7.2.2 城市道路网络及交通分配理论与方法············ 149

参考文献·························· 157