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Chapter 1 THE SOFTWARE ENGINEER S JOB 1

1.1 What Is Software Engineering? 1

1.2 Why Is Good Engineering Important? 2

1.3 The Personal Software Process 2

1.4 The Discipline of High-Quality Work 3

1.5 The Importance of High-Quality Work 3

1.6 How to Improve the Quality of Your Work 4

1.7 The Improvement Process 5

1.8 The Strategy of This Book 6

1.9 Summary 7

1.10 Assignment 1 7

Reference 8

Chapter 2 TIME MANAGEMENT 9

2.1 The Logic of Time Management 9

2.2 Understanding How You Spend Time 11

2.3 The Engineering Notebook 12

2.4 The Notebook Design 12

2.5 Engineering Notebook Examples 14

2.6 Summary 14

2.7 Assignment 2 17

Chapter 3 TRACKING TIME 19

3.1 Why Track Time? 19

3.2 Recording Time Data 20

3.3 Tracking Your Time 21

3.4 Use a Standard Time Recording Log 22

3.5 Handling Interruptions 25

3.6 Tracking Completed Tasks 25

3.7 Keeping Time Logs in the Engineering Notebook 26

3.8 Hints on Logging Your Time 28

3.9 Summary 29

3.10 Assignment 3 29

Chapter 4 PERIOD AND PRODUCT PLANNING 31

4.1 Period and Product Plans 31

4.2 The Weekly Activity Summary 33

4.3 Summarizing Weekly Times 35

4.4 Calculating Period Times and Rates 38

4.5 Using the Weekly Activity Summary 40

4.6 Summary 43

4.7 Assignment 4 43

Chapter 5 PRODUCT PLANNING 45

5.1 The Need for Product Plans 45

5.2 Why Product Plans Are Helpful 46

5.3 What Is a Product Plan? 46

5.4 Product Planning in This Book 47

5.5 Planning Small Jobs 47

5.6 Some Definitions 48

5.7 The Job Number Log 48

5.8 Some Suggestions on Using the Job Number Log 54

5.9 Using Product Times and Rates Data 55

5.10 Summary 56

5.11 Assignment 5 56

Chapter 6 PRODUCT SIZE 57

6.1 The Product Planning Process 57

6.2 Size Measurement 58

6.3 Some Cautions on Using Size Measures 59

6.4 Program Size 59

6.5 Other Size Measures 62

6.6 Estimating Program Size 62

6.7 Making a Larger Size Estimate 63

6.8 Using Size Measures in the Job Number Log 66

6.9 Summary 70

6.10 Assignment 6 71

Chapter 7 MANAGING YOUR TIME 73

7.1 Elements of Time Management 73

7.2 Categorizing Your Activities 74

7.3 Gather Data on Time Spent by Activity 74

7.4 Evaluating Your Time Distribution 74

7.5 Making a Time Budget 75

7.6 Finding More Time 77

7.7 Setting Ground Rules 78

7.8 Prioritizing Your Time 81

7.9 Managing Your Time Budget 83

7.10 Suggestions on Managing Variable Time 84

7.11 Your Time Management Objective 85

7.12 Summary 85

7.13 Assignment 7 86

Chapter 8 MANAGING COMMITMENTS 87

8.1 Defining Commitment 87

8.2 Responsibly Made Commitments 89

8.3 Example of a Commitment 89

8.4 An Example in Industry 92

8.5 Handling Missed Commitments 92

8.6 The Importance of Managing Commitments 93

8.7 The Consequences of Not Managing Commitments 93

8.8 The Way to Manage Commitments 94

8.9 Summary 95

8.10 Assignment 8 96

Chapter 9 MANAGING SCHEDULES 97

9.1 The Need for Schedules 97

9.2 The Gantt Chart 98

9.3 Making a Project Schedule 100

9.4 Checkpoints 101

9.5 Tracking Project Plans 103

9.6 Tracking Earned Value 105

9.7 Summary 108

9.8 Assignment 9 109

References 110

Chapter 10 THE PROJECT PLAN 111

10.1 The Need for Project Plans 111

10.2 The Project Plan Summary 112

10.3 The Summary 114

10.4 Program Size 114

10.5 Time in Phase 118

10.6 Estimating Accuracy 118

10.7 Summary 120

10.8 Assignment 10 120

References 121

Chapter 11 THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 123

11.1 Why We Use Processes 123

11.2 Some Definitions 124

11.3 The Process Script 125

11.4 Checkpoints and Phases 127

11.5 The Updated Project Plan Summary Form 127

11.6 A Planning Example 130

11.7 An Example of To Date Calculations 132

11.8 Summary 136

11.9 Assignment 11 136

Reference 136

Chapter 12 DEFECTS 137

12.1 What Is Software Quality? 137

12.2 Defects and Quality 138

12.3 What Are Defects? 139

12.4 Defects Versus Bugs 140

12.5 Defect Types 141

12.6 Understanding Defects 142

12.7 The Defect Recording Log 143

12.8 Counting Defects 147

12.9 Using the Defect Recording Log 148

12.10 The Updated PSP Process 149

12.11 Summary 155

12.12 Assignment 12 155

References 155

Chapter 13 FINDING DEFECTS 157

13.1 A Personal Commitment to Quality 157

13.2 The Steps in Finding Defects 158

13.3 Ways to Find and Fix Defects 158

13.4 Code Reviews 159

13.5 Why Find Defects Early? 160

13.6 The Costs of Finding and Fixing Defects 161

13.7 Using Reviews to Find Defects 163

13.8 Reviewing Before Compiling 164

13.9 Data on Compile and Test Defects 165

13.10 The Updated PSP Project Plan Summary Form 167

13.11 Other Kinds of Reviews 167

13.12 Summary 173

13.13 Assignment 13 173

References 174

Chapter 14 THE CODE REVIEW CHECKLIST 175

14.1 Why Do Checklists Help? 175

14.2 An Example Code Review Checklist 176

14.3 Using a Code Review Checklist 179

14.4 Building a Personal Checklist 182

14.5 Improving the Checklist 185

14.6 Coding Standards 186

14.7 Summary 188

14.8 Assignment 14 191

Chapter 15 PROJECTING DEFECTS 193

15.1 Defect Rates 193

15.2 Using Defect Data 195

15.3 Defect Density 196

15.4 Projecting Defect Rates 196

15.5 Defect Estimation 197

15.6 The Updated Project Plan Summary Form and Example 199

15.7 Entering the Actual Data 206

15.8 Summary 207

15.9 Assignment 15 207

Reference 207

Chapter 16 THE ECONOMICS OF DEFECT REMOVAL 209

16.1 The Need for Quality Work 209

16.2 The Defect-Removal Problem 210

16.3 Defect-Removal Time 211

16.4 Defect-Injection and -Removal Experience 211

16.5 Defect-Removal Savings 213

16.6 Calculating Defects/Hour on the PSP Project Plan Summary 215

16.7 Calculating Yield on the Project Plan Summary 220

16.8 Improving Defect-Removal Rates 221

16.9 Reducing Defect-Injection Rates 222

16.10 Summary 223

16.11 Assignment 16 223

References 224

Chapter 17 DESIGN DEFECTS 225

17.1 The Nature of Design Defects 225

17.2 Identifying Design Defects 227

17.3 What Is Design? 227

17.4 The Design Process 228

17.5 The Causes of Design Defects 229

17.6 The Impact of Design Defects 230

17.7 Design Representation 231

17.8 Summary 236

17.9 Assignment 17 236

References 237

Chapter 18 PRODUCT QUALITY 239

18.1 Quality Comes First 239

18.2 Testing 240

18.3 The Filter View of Testing 241

18.4 The Benefits of Careful Work 242

18.5 Calculating Yield Values 244

18.6 Estimating the Ultimate Yield 246

18.7 The Benefits of 100% Process Yield 247

18.8 Yield Experience 247

18.9 Prototyping 249

18.10 Summary 250

18.11 Assignment 18 251

Reference 251

Chapter 19 PROCESS QUALITY 253

19.1 Process Measures 253

19.2 The Defect-Removal Paradox 254

19.3 A Defect-Removal Strategy 255

19.4 Cost of Quality 256

19.5 Calculating the Cost of Quality 256

19.6 The Appraisal/Failure Ratio 257

19.7 Improving Review Rates 265

19.8 Calculating the True Cost of Quality 266

19.9 Summary 268

19.10 Assignment 19 268

Chapter 20 A PERSONAL COMMITMENT TO QUALITY 269

20.1 The Importance of Quality 269

20.2 The Increasing Risks of Poor Quality 270

20.3 Making a Commitment to Quality 271

20.4 Your Personal Objectives 272

20.5 The Rewards of Accomplishment 272

Reference 273

INDEX 274

SUPPLEMENTS PAGE 279