管理动态 IP 网络 英文PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 TCP/IP Basics 1

Network Protocols 2

IP Addresses 3

IP Subnets 6

IP Routing 10

Assigning IP Addresses 11

Name Servers 11

Applications That Use TCP/IP 13

Other TCP/IP Terms 13

Related Publications 15

Chapter 2 DHCP Concepts and Overview 17

BOOTP,the Predecessor of DHCP 18

DHCP Overview 19

How Does DHCP Work? 21

How Is Configuration Information Acquired? 21

How Are Leases Renewed? 26

What Happens When a Client Moves Out of Its Subnet? 26

How Are Changes Implemented in the Network? 27

What Are BOOTP/DHCP Relay Agents? 28

IP Address Pools 28

Multiple Subnets per Pool 29

Client Identification 30

Multiple Pools per Subnet 30

MAC Address as Qualifier 31

Client ID as Qualifier 32

User Class ID as Qualifier 33

Qualification from Vendor Extensions 33

Qualification from Relay Agents 34

Multiple Qualifiers 36

Server Administration 36

Server Installation 37

Database Initialization 37

Runtime Database Manipulation 38

Administrative Access Controls 39

Remote Server Management 40

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) 41

DHCP Server Availability 41

DHCP Reliability 41

Redundant DHCP Server Scenarios 42

DHCP in IPv6 47

Differences between DHCPv6 and DHCPv4 47

Summary 48

Chapter 3 Serving Names 49

What Is a Domain Name System (DNS)? 50

Why Names? 50

Domain vs.Zone of Authority 54

Differentiating Name Servers 56

Static Name Servers 56

Dynamic Name Servers 56

Primary Name Servers 56

Secondary Name Servers 57

Authoritative Name Servers 58

Parent and Child Name Servers 58

Caching-Only Name Servers 58

Master Name Servers 58

Root Name Servers 59

Forwarders 60

Firewall Name Servers 60

Record Types 60

Resolvers 62

BIND s Treatment of DNS Database Entries 65

What Is Dynamic IP? 68

Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) 69

What Does Dynamic IP Provide? 69

How Does Dynamic IP Work? 71

Configuring for Network Availability 74

Enabling Host Mobility 76

Securing Your Dynamic IP Network 77

How Dynamic Addressing Is Made Usable with DDNS 78

Chapter 4 NetBIOS Name Servers 79

Overview 80

TCP/IP for the Enterprise 81

Name Server History 82

NetBIOS/NBNS Basic Functionality 83

Service Specification 83

Design 84

NetBIOS Naming 84

Names for Applications 85

Name Database 86

Translating Names to IP Addresses 86

Distributed Database 87

Probe Mechanisms 88

Roll Call Mechanisms 89

Centralized Database 90

Role of a NetBIOS Datagram 90

NetBIOS Datagram Distributor 91

Workstation Interoperability 92

NBNS Design Criteria 92

High Performance 93

Dedicated Server 94

Standard Hardware Platform 94

High Capacity 95

Reliability 95

Fast Response Time 95

Load Balancing 96

Scalability 96

Datagram Distribution 97

Distributed Algorithms 97

Extensibility 98

Transaction Capture 98

Static Names 98

Database Validation 99

Remote Management 99

NBNS Implementations 101

Microsoft WINS 101

Network TeleSystems Shadow IPserver 103

Summary 104

Chapter 5 Dynamic IP Routing Protocols 105

Basic IP Routing 106

Routing Processes 108

Autonomous Systems 109

Routing Algorithms 109

Static Routing 110

Distance Vector Routing 111

Link-State Routing 116

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) 118

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 118

RIPng for IPv6 124

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 126

Exterior Routing Protocols 150

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) 152

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) 152

References 166

Chapter 6 Mobile IP 169

Mobile IP Overview 171

Mobile IP Operation 173

Mobile IP Registration Process 174

Tunneling 178

Broadcast Datagrams 178

Move Detection 179

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Considerations 180

Mobile IP Security Considerations 180

Mobile IP and Routers 181

Background 181

Emerging Examples Where Mobile IP Is Applicable 185

Detailed Protocol Overview 186

Other Important Issues 190

Chapter 7 Security of DHCP and Dynamic DNS 193

Security Trade-Off 194

RSA Public Key Authentication System 194

Presecured Domain 198

ProxyArec Considerations 198

ProxyArec and Option 81 201

Preventing Access to Unauthorized Devices 202

Securing Lease Allocations 202

Rogue DHCP Servers 203

Connecting to Untrusted Networks——Firewalls 203

Connecting through Untrusted Networks——VPN 205

TFTP Security 206

Chapter 8 Reliability 207

Battlefield Questions 208

Failure Events 208

Severed Connections 209

Facility Loss 209

DHCP Server Problems 210

Name Server Difficulties 210

Router Outages 210

Other Server Vulnerabilities 211

Client Failures 211

AIX and UNIX Features 212

Shadow IPserver Features 213

Chapter 9 Performance 215

Leases 216

What Is a Lease? 216

How Leases Work 216

Choosing a Lease Time 216

Monitoring and Troubleshooting 218

Multiple Leases 218

The Ping Command 219

The traceroute Command 219

The iptrace Command 220

The arp Command 221

The netstat Command 221

The host Command 222

The nslookup Command 222

Troubleshooting TCP/IP Networks 223

Prerequisites for Troubleshooting 223

A Bottom-Up Approach 224

An Approach to Tuning Your Network 234

Tuning TCP/IP Networks 234

TCP/IP Tuning Parameters 235

Bandwidth Efficiency 238

Broadcast Traffic 238

RSVP 239

Communications Server 239

Chapter 10 Quality of Service 241

Why QoS? 242

Integrated Services 243

Service Classes 246

The Reservation Protocol (RSVP) 250

The Future of Integrated Services 261

Differentiated Services 263

Differentiated Services Architecture 264

Using RSVP with Differentiated Services 273

Configuration and Administration of DS Components with LDAP 275

Using Differentiated Services with IPSec 276

Internet Drafts on Differentiated Services 277

References 278

Chapter 11 IP Version 6 279

IPv6 Overview 281

The IPv6 Header Format 281

Extension Headers 285

Packet Sizes 285

IPv6 Addressing 292

Priority 298

Flow Labels 298

Internet Control Message Protocol Version 6 (ICMPv6) 299

Neighbor Discovery 300

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 310

Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) 311

DNS in IPv6 314

Format of IPv6 Resource Records 315

Differences between DHCPv6 and DHCPv4 318

DHCP in IPv6 318

DHCPv6 Messages 319

Mobility Support in IPv6 320

Internet Transition:Migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 320

Dual IP Stack Implementation:The IPv6/IPv4 Node 321

Tunneling 322

Header Translation 329

Interoperability Summary 329

The Drive toward IPv6 330

References 331

Chapter 12 Dynamic DNS Review 333

Product Overview 334

Cisco DNS/DHCP Manager 334

key Features and Benefits 335

Specifications 337

Hardware 337

Cisco DNS/DHCP Manager Overview 337

Simplifying DNS Management with the Cisco Domain Name Manager Server 338

Updating DNS Via the Cisco DHCP/BootP Server 341

Supporting Multiple Logical Networks on the Same Physical Network 344

Service Configuration Manager 345

Service Management 345

Supporting Servers 345

Competitive Automation s JOIN BootP.DHCP,and DDNS 346

BooTP 346

Traditional BootP 347

Dynamic Bootp 347

Finite BootP 348

BootP Service:Details 349

Server Logic 350

How JOIN Resolves a Client Configuration 351

Naming the Client 352

Dynamic Naming 352

VLSM 356

Fixed Length vs.VLSM 356

Addrmask 358

JOIN DHCP/DDNS Features 359

Platforms 360

Lucent QIP Enterprise 5.0 360

Automating IP Services Management 360

Regulate User Access with Innovative Profiling Capabilities 361

Eliminate Major Causes of Network Failure 361

Exceed Industry Standards with High-Performance Servers 361

Centralize Network Configuration and Planning 362

Lucent Advantage:QIP Enterprise 5.0 363

System Requirements 368

Bay Networks NetID 372

Benefits 372

Features 374

NetID Architecture 377

System Requirements 379

Metalnfo s Meta IP 379

Features and Benefits of Meta IP 380

Meta DHCP 382

Extending Security 383

Meta DNS 385

User-to-Address Mapping 387

Multiplatform Support 389

Meta IP Solutions 390

System Requirements 392

Appendix DHCP Options (RFC 2132) 393

A.1 Introduction 393

A.2 DHCP and BootP Options 394

A.2.1 Option 0 and 255:Pad and End 394

A.2.2 Option 1:Subnet Mask 394

A.2.5 Option 4:Time Server 395

A.2.6 Option 5:IEN 116 (Old) Name Server 395

A.2.3 Option 2:Time Offset 395

A.2.4 Option 3:Router 395

A.2.7 Option 6:Domain Name Server 396

A.2.8 Option 7:Log Server 396

A.2.9 Option 8:Cookie Server 396

A.2.10 Option 9:LPR Server 397

A.2.11 Option 10:Impress Server 397

A.2.12 Option 11:Resource Location Server 397

A.2.16 Option 15:Domain Name 398

A.2.15 Option 14:Merit Dump File 398

A.2.13 Option 12:Host Name 398

A.2.14 Option 13:Boot File Size 398

A.2.17 Option 16:Swap Server 399

A.2.18 Option 17:Root Path 399

A.2.19 Option 18:Extensions Path 399

A.2.20 Option 19:IP Forwarding Enable/Disable 400

A.2.21 Option 20:Non-Local Source Routing Enable/Disable 400

A.2.22 Option 21:Policy Filter 400

A.2.24 Option 23:Default IP Time-to-Live 401

A.2.25 Option 24:Path MTU Aging Timeout 401

A.2.23 Option 22:Maximum Datagram Reassembly Size 401

A.2.26 Option 25:Path MTU Plateau Table 402

A.2.27 Option 26:Interface MTU 402

A.2.28 Option 27:All Subnets Are Local 402

A.2.29 Option 28:Broadcast Address 403

A.2.30 Option 29:Perform Mask Discovery 403

A.2.31 Option 30:Mask Supplier 403

A.2.32 Option 31:Perform Router Discovery 403

A.2.33 Option 32:Router Solicitation Address 404

A.2.34 Option 33:Static Route 404

A.2.35 Option 34:Trailer Encapsulation 404

A.2.38 Option 37:TCP Default Time-to-Live 405

A.2.37 Option 36:Ethernet Encapsulation 405

A.2.36 Option 35:ARP Cache Timeout 405

A.2.39 Option 38:TCP Keep-Alive Interval 406

A.2.40 Option 39:TCP Keep-Alive Garbage 406

A.2.41 Option 40:Network Information Service Domain 406

A.2.42 Option 41:NIS Server 407

A.2.43 Option 42:Network Time Protocol Server 407

A.2.44 Option 43:Vendor-Specific Information 407

A.2.45 Option 44:NetBIOS over TCP/IP Name Server Option 408

A.2.47 Option 46:NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type 409

A.2.48 Option 47:NetBIOS over TCP/IP Scope 409

A.2.46 Option 45:NetBIOS over TCP/IP Datagram Distribution Server 409

A.2.49 Option 48:X Window System Font Server Option 410

A.2.50 Option 49:X Window System Display Manager 410

A.2.51 Option 64:NIS+ Domain 410

A.2.52 Option 65:S+ Server 411

A.2.53 Option 68:Mobile IP Home Agent 411

A.2.54 Option 69:Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) Server 411

A.2.55 Option 70:Post Office Protocol (POP3) Server 412

A.2.56 Option 71:Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) Server 412

A.2.57 Option 72:Default World Wide Web (WWW) Server 412

A.2.61 Option 76:StreetTalk Directory Assistance (STDA) Server 413

A.2.60 Option 75:StreetTalk Server 413

A.2.59 Option 74:Default Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Server 413

A.2.58 Option 73:Default Finger Server 413

A.3 DHCP-Only Options 414

A.3.1 Option 50:Requested IP Address 414

A.3.2 Option 51:IP Address Lease Time 414

A.3.3 Option 52:Option Overload 415

A.3.4 Option 53:DHCP Message Type 415

A.3.5 Option 54:Server Identifier 415

A.3.6 Option 55:Parameter Request List 416

A.3.7 Option 56:Message 416

A.3.10 Option 59:Rebinding (T2) Time Value 417

A.3.9 Option 58:Renewal (T1) Time Value 417

A.3.8 Option 57:Maximum DHCP Message Size 417

A.3.11 Option 60:Vendor Class Identifier 418

A.3.12 Option 61:Client Identifier 418

A.3.13 Option 66:TFTP Server Name 419

A.3.14 Option 67:Boot File Name 419

A.4 Unofficial DHCP Options 419

A.5 Options Supported by Popular Operating Systems 421

A.5.1 Servers 421

A.5.2 Clients 422

Index 423