Piezoelectric Properties of WoodPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER Ⅰ．Principles of Investigation of the Physical Properties of Anisotropic Substances 1

1．Anisotropy in the Structure and Properties of Crystalline and Certain Noncrystalline Materials 1

2．Crystallographic Symmetry 3

CHAPTER Ⅱ．Certain Aspects of the Structure and Properties of Wood as an Anisotropic Inhomogeneous Material 5

1．Anisotropy of Wood and Its Irregularity 5

2．Influence of Wood Structure on Its Physical-Mechanical Properties 7

3．Structure of the Cell Walls 10

CHAPTER Ⅲ．Piezoelectricity 15

1．Brief Outline of the Direct and Inverse Piezoelectric Effect 15

2．Polarization Intensity 16

3．Mechanical Stress 17

4．General Theory of Piezoelectricity 19

5．Piezoelectric Tensors 20

CHAPTER Ⅳ．Method of Investigating the Piezoelectric Properties of Wood 23

1．Fabrication and Testing of Bending-Action Piezoelectric Elements 23

2．On the Constituent in Wood That Invests It With Piezoelectric Qualities 28

3．Fabrication and Testing of Compressive-Action Piezoelectric Elements 29

4．Investigation of the Piezoelectric Tensor of Wood 34

5．Determining the Piezoelectric Moduli of Wood 37

6．Method and Accuracy of Calculation of the Piezoelectric Moduli of Wood 43

7．Dependence of the Piezoelectric Moduli of Wood on the Elastic Moduli of the Piezoelectric Elements 46

8．On the Technique of Determining the Influence of Certain Factors on the Piezoelectric Moduli of Wood 48

9．Investigation of the Piezoelectric Properties of Wood with Various Degrees of Mechanical Loading of the Piezoelctric Elements 50

10．On the Inverse Piezoelectric Effect in Wood 51

CHAPTER Ⅴ．Selected Problems in the Elastic Anisotropy of Wood as Related to the Study of Its Piezoelectric Properties 53

1．Fundamental Concepts and Definitions 53

2．Symmetry of the Elasticity Tensor of Wood in the Principal Coordinate System and the Various Forms in Which It Is Expressed 55

3．Transformation of the Components of the Elasticity Tensor of Wood in Changing from the Principal to an Arbitrarily Chosen Coordinate System 56

4．Expression of the Elastic Modulus of Radial Piezoelectric Elements in Terms of the Tensor Components in the Principal Coordinate System 58

5．Expression of the Elastic Modulus of Tangential Piezoelectric Elements in Terms of the Tensor Components in the Principal Coordinate System 59

6．Piezoelectric Elements as Specimens for Determining the Elastic Modulus 61

7．Relations between the Total Strain Moduli and Elastic Moduli of Wood 62

8．Method and Accuracy of Calculation of the Total Strain Moduli 63

CHAPTER Ⅵ．Investigation of the Influence of Various Factors on the Magnitude of the Piezoelectric Effect in Wood 65

1．The Piezoelectric Moduli of Various Species of Wood 65

2．Influence of the Density of Wood on the Magnitude of Its Piezoelectric Moduli 67

3．Piezoelectric Moduli of Pressed Wood and the Regularities in Their Behavior 77

4．Variations in the Piezoelectric and Other Properties of Wood Along the the Radius of the Trunk 84

5．Connection between the Piezoelectric and Elastic Properties of Various Species of Wood 100

6．Connection between the Total Strain Modulus of Various Species of Piezoelectric Elements and the Percentage of Summerwood，Density，and Orientation 101

7．Comparison of the Piezoelectric Properties of the Various Species of Wood 103

8．Investigation of the Influence of the Percentage of Summerwood and Density on the Piezoelectric Properties of Various Species of Wood in the Collateral Examination of the Experimental Results 105

CHAPTER Ⅶ．The Structure of Cellulose，Its Derivatives and Associated Compounds 108

1．Basic Facts Concerning Cellulose and the Symmetry of Its Structural Elements 108

2．Chemical Composition of Wood 112

3．Structure of Certain Associated Compounds 115

CHAPTER Ⅷ．Piezoelectric Properties of Cellulose 116

1．Procedure for Investigating the Piezoelectric Properties of Cellulose Preparations 116

2．Piezoelectric Effect in Cellophane 119

3．Piezoelectric Effect in Celluloid 121

4．Piezoelectric Properties of Oriented Alpha-Cellulose Fibers(Viscose Rayon) 123

5．Piezoelectric Properties of Wood Pulp 125

6．Piezoelectric Properties of Cotton Cellulose 128

CHAPTER Ⅸ．The Relation between the Piezoelectric Properties of Wood and Cellulose and Their Structure 130

1．Some Results of the Experimental Investigation of the Piezoelectric Properties of Wood and Cellulose 130

2．General Characteristic of ∞：2 Piezoelectric Textures 131

3．On the ∞：2 Piezoelectric Texture Particle of Various Cellulose Materials and the Regularities Governing Particle Orientation in the Textures 133

4．The Cell as a Piezoelectric Texture Particle in Wood 135

5．Wood as a Piezoelectric Texture 142

6．Piezoelectric Properties of Parenchymatous Cells 143

7．Piezoelectric Properties of the Texture Formed by the Vertical System of Prosenchymatous Wood Cells 146

8．Piezoelectric Properties of the Parenchymatous Xylem Ray Cell System 153

9．Wood as an Inhomogeneous Piezoelectric Texture 154

10．Influence of the Structural Inhomogeneity of Wood on Its Elastic and Piezoelectric Properties 158

11．Determining the Orientation of Wood as an Anisotropic Substance by Means of the Piezoelectric Effect 167

12．Piezoelectric Effect of Sugars as Products of the Hydrolysis of Polysaccharides-the Satellites of Cellulose 170

13．The Piezoelectric Effect in Treated Wood and Its Importance in the Investigation of Cellulose Structure 171

14．Structural Anisotropy of Wood and Its Components 175

Bibliography 177