CHINA A NEW HISTORY ENLARGED EDITIONPDF电子书下载

Introduction: Approaches to Understanding China's History 1

The Variety of Historical Perspectives 1

Geography: The Contrast of North and South 4

Humankind in Nature 14

The Village: Family and Lineage 17

Inner Asia and China: The Steppe and the Sown 23

PART ONE Rise and Decline of the Imperial Autocracy 27

1. Origins: The Discoveries of Archaeology 29

Paleolithic China 29

Neolithic China 31

Excavation of Shang and Xia 33

The Rise of Central Authority 37

Western Zhou 39

Implications of the New Archaeological Record 40

2. The First Unification: Imperial Confucianism 46

The Utility of Dynasties 46

Princes and Philosophers 49

The Confucian Code 51

Daoism 53

Unification by Qin 54

Consolidation and Expansion under the Han 57

Imperial Confucianism 62

Correlative Cosmology 64

Emperor and Scholars 66

3. Reunification in the Buddhist Age 72

Disunion 72

The Buddhist Teaching 73

Sui-Tang Reunification 76

Buddhism and the State 79

Decline of the Tang Dynasty 81

Social Change: The Tang-Song Transition 83

4. China's Greatest Age: Northern and Southern Song 88

Efflorescence of Material Growth 88

Education and the Examination System 93

The Creation of Neo-Confucianism 96

Formation of Gentry Society 101

5. The Paradox of Song China and Inner Asia 108

The Symbiosis of Wen and Wu 108

The Rise of Non-Chinese Rule over China 112

China in the Mongol Empire 119

Interpreting the Song Era 126

6. Government in the Ming Dynasty 128

Legacies of the Hongwu Emperor 128

Fiscal Problems 132

China Turns Inward 137

Factional Politics 140

7. The Qing Success Story 143

The Manchu Conquest 143

Institutional Adaptation 146

The Jesuit Interlude 151

Growth of Qing Control in Inner Asia 152

The Attempted Integration of Polity and Culture 154

PART TWO Late Imperial China, 1600-1911 163

8. The Paradox of Growth without Development 167

The Rise in Population 167

Diminishing Returns of Farm Labor 170

The Subjection of Women 173

Domestic Trade and Commercial Organization 176

Merchant-Official Symbiosis 179

Limitations of the Law 183

9. Frontier Unrest and the Opening of China 187

The Weakness of State Leadership 187

The White Lotus Rebellion, 1796-1804 189

Maritime China: Origins of the Overseas Chinese 191

European Trading Companies and the Canton Trade 195

Rebellion on the Turkestan Frontier, 1826-1835 197

Opium and the Struggle for a New Order at Guangzhou, 1834-1842 198

Inauguration of the Treaty Century after 1842 201

10. Rebellion and Restoration 206

The Great Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864 206

Civil War 209

The Qing Restoration of the 1860s 212

Suppression of Other Rebellions 214

11. Early Modernization and the Decline of Qing Power 217

Self-Strengthening and Its Failure 217

The Christian-Confucian Struggle 221

The Reform Movement 224

The Boxer Rising, 1898-1901 230

Demoralization 232

12. The Republican Revolution, 1901-1916 235

A New Domestic Balance of Power 235

Suppressing Rebellion by Militarization 236

Elite Activism in the Public Sphere 238

The Japanese Influence 240

The Qing Reform Effort 241

Constitutionalism and Self-Government 244

Insoluble Systemic Problems 247

The Revolution of 1911 and Yuan Shikai's Dictatorship 250

PART THREE The Republic of China, 1912-1949 255

13. The Quest for a Chinese Civil Society 257

The Limits of Chinese Liberalism 257

The Limits of Christian Reformism 260

The Tardy Rise of a Political Press 262

Academic Development 263

The New Culture Movement 266

The May Fourth Movement 267

Rise of the Chinese Bourgeoisie 269

Origins of the Chinese Communist Party 275

14. The Nationalist Revolution and the Nanjing Government 279

Sun Yatsen and the United Front 279

The Accession to Power of Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) 283

The Nature of the Nanjing Government 286

Systemic Weaknesses 289

15. The Second Coming of the Chinese Communist Party 294

Problems of Life on the Land 294

Rural Reconstruction 299

The Rise of Mao Zedong 301

The Long March, 1934-1935 305

The Role of Zhou Enlai 307

The Second United Front 310

16. China's War of Resistance, 1937-1945 312

Nationalist Difficulties 312

Mao's Sinification of Marxism 316

Mao Zedong Thought 321

The Rectification Campaign of 1942-1944 323

American Support of Coalition Government 326

17. The Civil War and the Nationalists on Taiwan 331

Why the Nationalists Failed 331

Nationalist Attack and Communist Counterattack 334

Taiwan as a Japanese Colony 337

Taiwan as the Republic of China 339

PART FOUR The People's Republic of China 343

18. Establishing Control of State and Countryside 345

Creating the New State, 1949-1953 345

Collectivizing Agriculture 352

Collective Agriculture in Practice 354

Beginning Industrialization 357

Education and the Intellectuals 359

The Anti-Rightist Campaign, 1957-1958 365

19. The Great Leap Forward, 1958-1960 368

Background Factors 368

The Disaster of 1959-1960 372

Revival: Seizing Control of Industrial Labor 374

Party Rectification and Education 376

The Sino-Soviet Split 378

The Great Leap Forward as a Social Movement 380

20. The Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976 383

Underpinnings 383

Mao's Aims and Resources 385

Role of the People's Liberation Army 387

How the Cultural Revolution Unfolded 389

The Red Guards 391

The Seizure of Power 393

Foreign Affairs 395

Decentralization and the Third Front 397

The Succession Struggle 400

The Cultural Revolution in Retrospect 401

Aftermath 404

21. The Post-Mao Reform Era&by Merle Goldman 406

Epilogue: China at the Close of the Century&by Merle Goldman 451

Note on Romanization and Citation 458

Suggested Reading 459

Publisher's Note 515

Illustration Credits 517

Author Index 521

General Index 531