The Mandarins The Circulation of Elites in ChinaPDF电子书下载

1．Introduction 1

2．The Determinants of the Amount of Elite Mobility 13

3．Chinese Social Stratification，1600-1900 33

4．Earlier Research on Chinese Elite Mobility 71

5．Methodology 84

6．Bureaucratic vs．Extra-Bureaucratic Determinants of Official Advancement (1) 114

7．Bureaucratic vs．Extra-Bureaucratic Determinants of Official Advancement (2) 154

8．Summary，Conclusions，and Future Research 186

APPENDIX Ⅰ．572 Officials in Eminent Chinese of the Ch＇ing Period，Classified by manchu，Chinese Official，or Chinese Commoner Family Background 195

APPENDIX Ⅱ．Supplement to Family Background Data for the Chinese Sample 201

APPENDIX Ⅲ．The Formal Hierarchy of the Ch＇ing Bureaucracy 206

NOTES 237

GLOSSARY 243

BIBLIOGRAPHY 259

INDEX 291