Operative Surgery Volume II Sixth EditionPDF电子书下载

VOLUME Ⅱ 715

CHAPTER 46 ABDOMINAL INCISIONS＆BY BEN JAMIN W．RAWLES，JR 715

Introduction 715

Types of Incisions 716

Abdominal Incisions for Gynecologic Operations 725

Management of Contaminated Wounds and Drainage Methods 728

Wound Separation and Evisceration 729

Closure of Disrupted Wound 730

CHAPTER 47 ACUTE CONDITIONS OF THE ABDOMEN＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR 731

Introduction 731

Conditions Simulating Abdominal Emergencies 732

Differential Diagnosis 733

Acute Appendicitis 734

Acute Cholecystitis 735

Perforated Peptic Ulcer 736

Acute Pancreatitis 737

Intestinal Obstruction 738

Visceral Injuries 739

Gynecologic and Obstetric Conditions 741

Abdominal Apoplexy 741

Miscellaneous Conditions 742

Technic of Exploration 744

CHAPTER 48 PERITONITIS＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR 746

Anatomy and Histology 746

Physiology 748

Pathology 750

Clinical Picture 751

Localized Peritonitis 752

Generalized Peritonitis 752

Treatment 753

Special Types of Peritonitis 753

Mortality and Prognosis 754

Intraperitoneal Abscesses 755

Pelvic Abscesses 755

Intra-abdominal Abscesses 756

Subdiaphragmatic Abscesses 756

CHAPTER 49 GASTROPTOSIS；RESECTION OF VAGUS NERVES；CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 758

Gastroptosis 758

Resectiono f the Vagus Nerves 762

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis 763

CHAPTER 50 HOURGLASS CONTRACTION OF THE STOMACH；GASTROTOMY；GASTROSTOMY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 767

Hourglass Contraction of the Stomach 767

Gastrotomy 767

Gastrostomy 769

CHAPTER 51 GASTROENTEROSTOMY；PYLOROPLASTY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 781

Gastroenterostomy 781

Pyloroplasty 796

CHAPTER 52 THE BILLROTH I TYPE OF PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 805

History 805

Physiologic Basis for This Operation 806

A Modification of the Billroth I partial Gastrectomy (Horsley) 807

The Finney-Haberer Modification of the Billroth I Partial Gastrectomy 817

CHAPTER 53 THE BILLROTH Ⅱ TYPE OF PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY；TOTAL GASTRECTOMY；THE DEVINE OPERATION＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 821

The Polya Modification of the Billroth Ⅱ Partial Gastrectomy 821

The Hofmeister Modification of the Billroth Ⅱ Partial Gastrectomy 825

The Roux Technic for Partial Gastrectomy 827

Total Gastrectomy 828

The Devine Operation 831

CHAPTER 54 JEJUNAL OR GASTROJEJUNAL ULCER＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 834

Etiology 834

Disconnecting a Gastroenterostomy 836

The Operation of Estes 838

Jejunal Ulcer Following Partial Gastrectomy 838

Resection of the Gastric Vagus Nerves 840

Jejunostomy 840

Jejunocolic Fistula 841

CHAPTER 55 OPERATIONS ON THE SMALL INTESTINES＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 843

Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations 843

Healing of Intestinal Wounds 844

Intestinal Suturing 845

Corpostasis 849

Intestinal Fistula 849

Duodenotomy 853

Duodenjojejunostomy 854

CHAPTER 56 OPERATIONS ON THE SMALL INTESTINES (CONTINUED)＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 857

Intestinal Perforations and Wounds 857

Diverticula 859

Enterostomy 862

CHAPTER 57 OPERATIONS ONT HE SMALL INTESTINES (CONTINUED)＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 875

Resection and Union of the Small Intestine 875

Drainage 882

CHAPTER 58 APPENDECTOMY．ABDOMINAL INCISION；TREATMENT OF THE STUMP；APPENDICEAL ABSCESS AND PERITONITIS＆BY GUY W．HORSLEY 883

CHAPTER 59 NONMALIGNANT CONDITIONS OF THE COLON＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS AND CARRINGTON WILLIAMS，JR 895

Megacolon (Hirschsprung＇s Disease) 895

Diverticulitis 899

Volvulus of the Sig|moid Colon 902

Intussusception 903

Polyps and Polyposis 903

Bengin and Inflammatory Tumors 904

Ulcerative Colitis 905

CHAPTER 60 OPERATIONS ON THE COLON AND RECTUM＆BY CARRINGTON WILLIAMS 908

General Principles 908

Preoperative Preparation 909

Anesthesia 910

Operability 910

The Choice of Operative Procedures 911

Colostomy 912

Resection of Right Colon；End-to-Side Anastomosis；Ileocolostomy 918

Resection of the Transverse and Left Colon 922

Resection of the Rectosigmoid 926

Carcinoma of the Rectum 929

CHAPTER 61 OPERATIONS FOR NONMALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE RECTUM AND ANUS＆BY ROBERT V．TERRELL 934

Hemorrhoids 934

Injection Treatment 937

Hemorrhoidectomy 938

Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia 942

Pruritus Ani 945

Foreign Bodies 946

Benign Rectal Stricture 947

Anal Papillitis and Cryptitis 947

Anal Fissure 949

Anal Stenosis 950

Abscesses 951

Anal Fistula 953

Blasidell Method of Repair of the Incontinent Sphincter Ani 955

Bengin Tumors 958

CHAPTER 62 THE LIVER，GALL BLADDER，AND BILE TRACTS＆BY BENJAMIN W．RAWLES，JR 961

Prolapse of the Liver 961

Tumors and Cysts of the Liver 961

Wounds of the Liver 962

Abscesses of the Liver 962

Subphrenic Abscess 964

Cholecystectomy 967

Cholecystotomy 971

Cholecystostomy 971

Choledochotomy and Chole|dochostomy 972

Cholecystenterostomy 975

Stricture of the Common Duct 976

Portal Hypertension 984

CHAPTER 63 THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN＆BY BENJAMIN W．RAWLES，JR 992

The Pancreas 992

The Spleen 1002

CHAPTER 64 OPERATIONS FOR FRACTURES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1008

Principles of Treatment 1008

Methods of Traction 1010

Open Reduction 1014

Compound Fractures 1027

Nonunion 1029

Reconstruction Operations of the Hip 1034

Leg Length Equalization 1042

Malunion of the Radius 1050

Osteotomy 1052

Removal of the Coccyx 1054

CHAPTER 65 OPERATIONS ON TENDONS＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1056

Repair of Old Injuries 1056

Tenotomies and Tendon Lengthening 1064

Torticollis 1067

Tendon Transference 1071

CHAPTER 66 OPERATIONS ON JOINTS＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1082

Aspiration and Drainage of Joints 1082

Arthrotomy in the Nonseptic Joint 1086

Arthroplasty 1105

Arthrodesing and Stabilizing Operations 1112

CHAPTER 67 PYOGENIG OSTEOMYELITIS；BURSITIS；INGROWING HAIL；BUNIONS AND HALLUX VALGUS；HAMMERTOE＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1135

Osteomyelitis 1135

Bursitis 1142

Ingrowing Nail 1144

Bunions and Hallux Valgus 1144

Hammertoe 1152

CHAPTER 68 GENERAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING AMPUTATIONS；AMPUTATIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITIES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1154

General Principles 1154

Care of Bone Ends 1156

Closure of Amputated Stump 1157

The Level of Amputation 1158

Plastic Repair and Reamputation 1158

Fingers 1160

Thumb 1163

Hand 1164

Forearm 1165

Upper Arm 1168

Shoulder 1170

Forequarter 1173

Cineplastic Operations 1173

CHAPTER 69 AMPUTATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES＆BY M．JOSIAH HOOVER，JR 1178

General Principles 1178

Toes 1180

Lower Leg 1184

Thigh 1187

Hip Joint 1190

Hindquarter 1192

The Care of Stumps 1198

CHAPTER 70 THE KINDEY AND URETER＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1200

General Considerations 1200

The Kidney 1200

Operations on the Kidneys 1202

Hydronephrosis 1221

Operations Upon the Adrenal Gland 1224

The Ureter 1228

CHAPTER 71 THE BLADDER AND URETHRA＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1244

The Bladder 1244

The Urethra 1260

CHAPTER 72 THE PROSTATE GLAND＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1267

Pathology 1267

Clinical Course in Prostatic Obstruction 1268

Postoperative Treatment 1270

Choice of Treatment 1270

Transurcthral Resection 1272

Prostatectomy 1277

Carcinoma of Prostate 1294

CHAPTER 73 THE SEMINAL VESICLES，VAS DEFERENS，TESTICLE，TUNICA VAGINALIS，AND SPERMATIC CORD＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1298

The Seminal Vesicles 1298

Vas Deferens 1299

Tuberculosis of the Epididymis 1302

The Testicle 1304

Hydrocele 1309

Varicocele 1310

CHAPTER 74 THE PENIS＆BY AUSTIN I．DODSON 1313

Circumcision 1313

Epispadias 1315

Hypospadias 1319

Amputation of the Penis 1329

Block Dissection of Inguinal and Femoral Areas 1331

CHAPTER 75 THE VULVA＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1336

Operations on the Vulvovaginal (Bartholin) Gland 1336

Simple Vulvectomy 1338

Radical Vulvectomy 1340

CHAPTER 76 THE VAGINA．OPERATIONS FOR MALFORMATIONS；OPERATIONS ON THE POSTERIOR WALL；OPERATIONS ON THE ANTERIOR WALL＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1346

Stenoses and Atresias of the Vulva and Vagina 1346

Methods of Treating Absence of the Vagina 1347

Technic of Construction of Vagina 1348

Perineorrhaphy 1350

Repair of Rectocele：Posterior Colporrhaphy 1354

Repair of Enterocele 1354

Repair of Complete Perineal Laceration 1354

Repair of Rectovaginal Fistula 1356

Posterior Colpotomy 1359

Cystocele 1361

Urethrocele and Stress Incontinence 1365

CHAPTER 77 THE VAGINA (CONTINUED)．OPERATIONS FOR UTERINE PROLAPSE＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1369

Introduction 1369

Manchester Operation 1370

Vaginal Hysterectomy 1373

The Spalding-Richardson Composite Operation 1378

Watkins Interposition Operation 1378

Le Fort Colpocleisis 1380

CHAPTER 78 UTERINE CERVIX．CURETTAGE AND OPERATIONS FOR BENION LESIONS＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1382

Dilatation of the Cervix 1382

Curettage of the Uterus 1382

Biopsy of the Cervix 1385

Treatment of Erosions，Polyps，Cysts，and Chronic Infections of the Cervix 1385

Sturmdorf Tracheloplasty 1385

Amputation of the Cervix 1386

Conization 1386

CHAPTER 79 THE UTERUS．TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX；TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE ENDOMETRIUM＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1389

Carcinoma of the Cervix 1389

Treatment of Carcinoma of the Endometrium 1403

CHAPTER 80 THE UTERUS (CONTINUED)．INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC OPERATIONS FOR BENIGN Lesions＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1408

Hysterectomy 1408

Suspension of Uterus 1419

Resection of the Superior Hypogastric Plexus 1424

CHAPTER 81 THE OVARIES＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1430

Infections 1430

Benign Neoplasms 1431

Malignant Tumors 1432

Endometriosis 1433

Disposition of Homolateral Tube 1434

Technic of Resection of the Ovary 1434

Technic of Enucleation of Cyst of Ovary 1435

Technic of Oophorectomy 1435

Technic of Salpingo-oophorectomy 1435

CHAPTER 82 THE FALLOPIAN TUBES＆BY RANDOLPH H．HOGE 1440

Indications for Operations on the Fallopian Tubes 1440

Inflammations of the Tube 1440

Malignant Tumors of the Tube 1441

Tubal Pregnancy 1441

Technic of Salpingectomy 1441

Operations for Correction of Sterility 1441

Sterilization 1442

CHAPTER 83 THE HEAD．INJURIES AND INFECTIONS＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1446

Introduction 1446

Anatomical and Physiological Considerations 1446

The Scalp 1447

Fractures of the Skull 1449

Penetrating Wounds of the Brain 1453

Extra|dural Hemorrhage 1453

Subdural Hematoma 1455

Subtemporal Decompression 1457

Cranial Defects 1461

Infections 1462

General Care of Head Injuries 1466

CHAPTER 84 THE CRANIAL NERVES＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1468

The Fifth Nerve 1468

The Seventh Nerve 1473

CHAPTER 85 SPINAL CORD＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1480

Anatomical and Physiological Consideration 1480

Injuries 1481

Infections 1485

Congenital Malformations of the Vertebral Canal 1487

The Intervertebral Disc Syndrome 1491

CHAPTER 86 SURGERY OF PERIPHERAL NERVES＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1494

Anatomical and Physiological Considerations 1494

Examination in Nerve Injuries 1495

General Principles of Nerve Repair 1495

Treatment of Specific Nerve Lesions 1501

CHAPTER 87 SURGERY OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM＆BY CHARLES E．TROLAND 1507

Introduction 1507

Anatomical and Physiological Considerations 1507

Superior Cervical Ganglionectomy 1508

Thoracic Sympathectomy 1510

Thoracolumbar Sympathectomy 1515

Lumbar Sympathectomy 1519

Sympathetic Blocks 1521