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PART Ⅰ GROSS ASPECTS OF THE NEURAL SYSTEM 21

Ⅰ．THE SPINAL COED AND ITS SURROUNDING MEDIA 21

THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE SPINAL CORD 21

BLOOD VESSELS AND INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD 33

Ⅱ．THE STRUCTURES SURROUNDING THE BRAIN 45

THE DURA 45

VASCULAR SYSTEMS OF THE MENINGES 49

THE LEPTOMENINGES 59

VASCULAR ARRANGEMENTS OF THE BRAIN 62

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 71

Ⅲ．THE CRANIAL NERVES AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEM 72

NORMA BASALIS 72

THE OLFACTORY NERVE 72

THE OPTIC NERVE 74

THE OCULOMOTOR NERVE 75

THE TROCHLEAR NERVE 76

THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE 77

THE ABDUCENT NERVE 78

THE FACIAL NERVE 78

THE ACOUSTIC NERVE 80

THE GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE 81

THE VAGUS NERVE 82

THE ACCESSORY NERVE 84

THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE 84

THE AUTONOMIC SYSTEM 86

Ⅳ．TOPOGRAPHY OF THE BRAIN 93

MEDIAL ASPECT OF THE BRAIN 93

BASAL ASPECT OF THE CEREBRUM 102

LATERAL ASPECT OF THE CEREBRUM 107

THE FRONTAL LOBE 108

THE PARIETAL LOBE 113

THE OCCIPITAL LOBE 114

THE TEMPORAL LOBE 115

THE CENTRAL LOBE 117

THE RHINENCEPHALON 118

CRANIOCEREBRAL TOPOGRAPHY 119

Ⅴ．ASSOCIATION CONNECTIONS OF THE HEMISPHERES 125

HOMOLATERAL SHORT ASSOCIATION FIBERS 126

FACTORS UNDERLYING THE CONVOLUTIONAL PATTERN 130

HOMOLATERAL LONG ASSOCIATION FIBERS 132

THE CORPUS CALLOSUM 137

Ⅵ．INTERIOR OF THE HEMISPHERES 138

THE LATERAL VENTRICLES 138

THE CHORIOID PLEXUS 138

THE FORNIX 143

THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 145

THE CORPUS STRIATUM 148

THE THALAMUS 151

Ⅶ．CEREBELLUM 155

Ⅷ．MIDBRAIN，PONS AND MEDULLA 159

THE MIDBRAIN 159

THE PONS 162

THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA(BULB) 164

Ⅸ．GENERAL GROSS FEATURES OF TRANSVERSE SECTIONS 167

TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE MEDULLA AT THE PYRAMIDAL DECUSSATION 167

TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE PYRAMIDS JUST BELOW THE INFERIOR OLIVES 167

TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE LOWER PART OP THE INFERIOR OLIVES 167

TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE INFERIOR OLIVES 168

TRANSVERSE SECTION AT THE UPPER LEVEL OF THE INFERIOR OLIVES 169

TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE LOWER BORDER OF THE PONS 169

TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE PONS 170

TRANSVERSE SECTION JUST ROSTRAL TO THE ORAL BORDER OF THE PONS 171

TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES 172

TRANSVERSE SECTION THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE CEREBELLUM 173

CORONAL SECTION PASSING IN FRONT OF THE ANTERIOR COMMISSURE 174

CORONAL SECTION THROUGH THE OPTIC CHIASM 175

CORONAL SECTION THROUGH THE INFUNDIBULUM 175

CORONAL SECTION THROUGH THE MAMMILLARY BODIES 175

CORONAL SECTION THROUGH THE CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES 177

CORONAL SECTION THROUGH THE LEVEL OF THE GENICULATE BODIES 178

CORONAL SECTION THROUGH THE SPLENIUM OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM 179

PART Ⅱ MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE NEURAL SYSTEM 180

Ⅹ．THE SPINAL CORD 180

NEUROHISTOLOGIC TECHNIQUE 180

SECTIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD 190

PAIN，TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT TOUCH 199

PROPRIOCEPTION 202

INTERNUNCIAL NEURONS 203

AUTONOMIC PREGANGLIONIC CELLS 204

MOTOR CELLS 204

HOW TRACTS ARE DETERMINED 206

ASCENDING TRACTS 208

MIXED TRACTS 209

DESCENDING TRACTS 210

PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE SPINAL CORD 210

Ⅺ．MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF MEDULLA OBLONGATA 214

SECTIONS THROUGH THE LOWER PORTION OF THE DECUSSATION OF THE PYRAMIDS 214

SECTIONS THROUGH THE MIDDLE OR THE DECUSSATION OF THE PYRAMIDS 217

SECTIONS THROUGH REGION OF ACCESSORY OLIVARY NUCLEUS 221

SECTIONS THROUGH THE CAUDAL END OF THE FOURTH VENTRICLE 227

SECTIONS THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THE INFERIOR OLIVE 233

SUMMARY OF THE ELEVENTH CRANIAL NERVE 237

SUMMARY OF THE TWELFTH NERVE 238

SECTIONS THROUGH THE ROSTRAL TIP OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEUS AND THROUGH THE ACOUSTIC TUBERCLE 241

RESUME OF THE NINTH AND TENTH NERVES 249

ASPECTS OF THE CEREBELLUM 251

Ⅻ．THE PONS 255

SECTIONS THROUGH THE LOWER PART OF THE PONS 255

REVIEW OF THE MEDULLA 261

THE PROPRIOCEPTIVE SYSTEM 261

STRUCTURAL COMPLEX OF THE AUTONOMIC MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ELEVENTH，TENTH，NINTH AND SEVENTH NERVES 263

RESPIRATION AND MEDULLARY COMPLEX OF THE NINTH，TENTH AND ELEVENTH NERVES 264

RELATION OF THE TWELFTH NERVE TO THE BULBAR AUTONOMIC MECHANISMS 266

SECTIONS THROUGH THE MOTOR NUCLEUS OF THE TRIGEMINUS 267

SECTIONS THROUGH THE MOST ROSTRAL PART OF THE VENTRAL SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT 268

ⅩⅢ．THE MESENCEPHALON 271

SECTIONS THROUGH THE DECUSSATION OF THE TROCHLEAR NERVE 271

SECTIONS THROUGH THE INFERIOR COLLICULUS 272

SECTIONS THROUGH THE TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS 274

SUMMARY OF THE REGION OF THE PONS 275

AUDITION 276

VESTIBULAR FUNCTION 281

CEREBELLAR MECHANISMS 283

FIFTH NERVE 286

SYSTEMS OF THE PONTINE REGION 288

SECTIONS THROUGH LOWER PORTION OF SUPERIOR COLLICULI AND OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS 288

SECTIONS THROUGH THE UPPER HALF OF THE OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS 292

SECTIONS THROUGH THE RED NUCLEUS 295

REVIEW OF THE MESENCEPHALON 296

VISUOMOTOR MECHANISMS 296

AUDITORY MECHANISMS 298

DESCENDING CORTICAL SYSTEMS 300

AUTONOMIC MECHANISMS 300

THE EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM 301

ASCENDING FIBER SYSTEMS 302

ⅩⅣ．SECTIONS THROUGH THE THALAMUS AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES 305

SECTIONS JUST ROSTRAL TO ANTERIOR HORN OF LATERAL VENTRICLES 305

SECTIONS THROUGH ANTERIOR HORN OF LATERAL VENTRICLES 305

SECTIONS THROUGH LEVEL OF ANTERIOR END OF SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM 307

SECTIONS THROUGH ROSTRAL TIP OF THE GLOBUS PALLIDUS 311

SECTIONS THROUGH FORNIX AND ANTERIOR COMMISSURE 313

SECTIONS THROUGH ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEUS 316

SECTIONS THROUGH CORPORA MAMILLARIA 323

SECTIONS JUST ROSTRAL TO THE PONS 325

SECTIONS THROUGH ROSTRAL PORTION OF THE PONS 327

SECTIONS THROUGH THE MOST CAUDAL PART OR THE PUTAMEN 330

SECTIONS THROUGH THE PULVINAR 332

SECTIONS THROUGH POSTERIOR LOOP OF CAUDATE NUCLEUS AND FORNIX 336

SECTIONS THROUGH SPLENIUM OF CORPUS CALLOSUM 336

ⅩⅤ．MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF THE DIENCEPHALON AND RELATED STRUCTURES 337

THALAMIC MECHANISMS 337

DIVISIONS OF THE THALAMUS 337

CONNECTIONS OF THE THALAMIC NUCLEI 348

ANTERIOR GROUP OF NUCLEI OF THE DORSAL THALAMUS 350

THE MEDIAL GROUP OF NUCLEI OF THE DORSAL THALAMUS 352

THE LATERAL GROUP OF NUCLEI OF THE DORSAL THALAMUS 352

SEPTAL AND PREOPTIC REGIONS OF THE VENTRAL THALAMUS 356

HYPOTHALAMUS 358

SUBTHALAMUS AND MESENCEPHALIC TEGMENTUM 359

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEMS 362

ⅩⅥ．CEREBRAL CORTEX 368

VISION 373

AUDITION 374

SOMATOSENSATION 374

PERI-AND PARARECEPTIVE CORTEX 374

MOTOR SYSTEMS 375

EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEMS 381

AUTONOMIC FUNCTION 383

HIGHER TYPES OF NEURAL ACTIVITY 383

LIST OF SELECTED REFERENCES 385