ELECTRONICS FOR SCIENTISTS PRINCIPLES AND EXPERIMENTS FOR THOSE WHO USE INSTRUMENTSPDF电子书下载

Introduction 3

Chapter 1 ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS 7

1-1 Measurement of Voltage and Current 8

1-2 The Moving-Coil Meter 10

1-3 The Ammeter 13

1-4 The Voltmeter 16

1-5 The Ohmmeter 18

1-6 The Multimeter 21

1-7 The Vacuum-Tube Voltmeter （VTVM） 23

1-8 The Oscilloscope 26

References 36

Problems 37

Experiments 39

Chapter 2 POWER SUPPLIES 47

2-1 General Considerations 47

2-2 Scheme for Converting A-C Line Voltage to D-C Voltage 48

2-3 Power Transformers 50

2-4 Rectifiers 51

2-5 Rectifier Circuits 60

2-6 Filtering the Rectified Voltage 65

2-7 Regulation of the Output D-C Voltage 74

2-8 Batteries as Sources of D-C Voltage 76

2-9 Conversion of Direct Current to Alternating Current 86

References 87

Problems 87

Experiments 89

Chapter 3 AMPLIFICATION BY VACUUM TUBES ANDTRANSISTORS 97

3-1 Amplification 97

3-2 The Vacuum Triode 98

3-3 The Triode Common-Cathode Amplifier 101

3-4 The Vacuum Pentode 111

3-5 The Pentode Common-Cathode Amplifier 114

3-6 The Transistor 117

3-7 The Transistor Common-Emitter Amplifier 124

3-8 The Cathode-Follower （Common-Collector） Amplifier 134

3-9 The Common-Base （Grounded-Grid） Amplifier 145

3-10 The Unipolar Field-Effect Transistor （FET） 148

References 153

Problems 153

Experiments 156

Chapter 4 AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS 161

4-1 Audio Preamplifiers 161

4-2 Audio Power Amplifier 171

4-3 The Direct-Coupled Amplifier 177

4-4 The Difference Amplifier 184

4-5 Noise and Distortion in Amplifiers 190

4-6 The Radio-Frequency Amplifier 198

4-7 Amplifiers with Feedback 202

References 212

Problems 213

Experiments 214

Chapter 5 OSCILLATORS 223

5-1 General Considerations 223

5-2 Feedback Oscillators 225

5-3 Sinusoidal Negative-Resistance Oscillators 231

5-4 Relaxation Oscillators 234

5-5 Oscillator Stabilization 239

5-6 Modulation and Demodulation 242

Referenses 246

Problems 246

Experiments 247

Chapter 6 COMPARISON MEASUREMENTS 251

6-1 The Principles of Comparison Methods 251

6-2 Accurate D-C Voltage Measurement by the ComparisonMethod 254

6-3 D-C Current Measurement by Comparison Method 273

6-4 Resistance Measurement by a Comparison Procedure 273

6-5 Impedance Measurement by Comparison Procedures 276

6-6 Frequency Measurements by the Comparison Procedure 283

References 284

Problems 284

Experiments 286

Chapter 7 SERVO SYSTEMS 291

7-1 General Description of Servomechanisms 291

7-2 The Automatic Recording Potentiometer—A SimpleServomechanism 293

7-3 The Instrument Servomotor 295

7-4 The Signal Controller for SerVe Potentiometers 298

7-5 Information-Feedback Dev ce for the Servo Potentiometer 304

7-6 The Command Signal—Input Transducars 306

7-7 Servo Stability—The Dynamics Problem 307

7-8 Antihunt Methods 316

7-9 Synchro-Generator-Control-Transformer System 318

7-10 High-Power Prime Movers and Signal Controllers 321

7-11 Standard Block Diagram and Terminology 327

7-12 Open-Loop Control 329

References 329

Problems 329

Experiments 330

Chutpter 8 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS FOR MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL 341

8-1 An Amplifier Designed for Feedback Control 342

8-2 Operational Amplifiersfor Electrical Measurements 353

8-3 The Chopper-Stabilized Operational Amplifier 359

8-4 The Generation of Precise Voltages and Waveforms 364

8-5 The Precise Control of Current and Voltage 368

8-6 Computation and Simulation 372

8-7 The Regulated Power Supply 376

8-8 Contfol for A-C-Operated Loads 383

References 388

Problems 388

Experiments 390

Chapter 9 ELECTRONIC SWITCHING AND TIMING AND DIGITAL COUNTING SYSTEMS 397

9-1 Counting, Switching, and Timing 397

9-2 Characteristics of Pulses and Pulse Amplifiers 403

9-3 Wave Shaping by the RC Circuit 406

9-4 Diode Switching Circuits 411

9-5 Amplification Elements as Switches 420

9-6 The Bistable Multivibrator 424

9-7 Schmitt Trigger （Cathode-Coupled Bistable Multivibrator） 431

9-8 Astable Multivibrator 434

9-9 Monostable Multivibrator 440

9-10 Blocking Oscillators 444

9-11 The Triggered-Sweep Oscilloscope 445

9-12 Scalers and Electronic Counters 447

9-13 Frequency and Time-Interval Meters 452

9-14 Electronic Digital-to-Analog Converters 456

9-15 Analog-to-Digital Converters 457

References 461

Problems 461

Experiments 463

Supplements 469

1 An Integrated System of Instruments, Test Equip-ment, and Rapid-Connect Parts 471

S1-1 Wired Test Equipment.EUW-12 473

S1-2 Universal Chassis and Parts.EUW-13 474

S1-3 Special Experimental Parts.EUW-14 489

S1-4 Universal Power Supply.EUW-15 493

S1-5 Voltage Reference Source.EUW-16 503

Sl-6 Transistorized Power Supply.EUW-17 510

S1-7 Laboratory Meter.EUW-18 514

S1-8 Operational-Amplifier System.EUW-19 516

S1-9 Servo Recorder.EUW-20 525

2 D-C Circuits 528

S2-1 Resistance 529

S2-2 Current 532

S2-3 Potential 533

S2-4 Series Circuits 534

S2-5 Parallel Circuits 536

S2-6 Networks 537

3 Electrical Signals and Reactive Circuits 545

S3-1 Introduction to Signals and Reactive Components 546

S3-2 Capacitors 554

S3-3 Inductors 555

S3-4 Sine-Wave Signals and Reactive Circuits 556

S3-5 Nonsinusoidal Signals and Reactive Circuits 573

S3-6 Mutual Inductance 579

Appendixes 583

A Transistor Parameter Equivalents and Interconversion Tables 585

B Vacuum-Tube Characteristic Curves 589

C Resistors （EIA-JAN Values） 595

D Power-Transformer Color Code 597

Index 599