A Textbook of NeurologyPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1 INFECTIONS 13

Infections of the Meninges 13

Acute Purulent Meningitis 13

Meningococcal Meningitis 14

Pneumococcal Meningitis 18

Staphylococcal Meningitis 20

Streptococcal Meningitis 20

Influenzal Meningitis 20

Tuberculous Meningitis 22

Yeast Meningitis 26

Sarcoidosis 28

Behcet＇s Syndrome 31

Aseptic Meningitis 32

Meningism 33

Subdural and Epidural Infections 34

Cerebral Subdural Empyema 34

Spinal Epidural Abscess 37

Cerebral Veins and Sinuses 40

Lateral Sinus 40

Cavernous Sinus 42

Superior Sagittal Sinus 42

Other Dural Sinuses 44

Brain Abscess 44

Virus Infections 51

Acte Anterior Poliomyelitis 55

Coxsackie Viruses 65

Herpes Zoster 66

Equine Encephalomyelitis 70

Japanese B．Encephalitis 72

St．Louis Encephalitis 73

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis 75

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis 78

Inclusion Body Encephalitis 78

Rabies 80

Lymphogranuloma Venereum 82

Mumps Meningitis and Encephalomyelitis 83

Infectious Mononucleosis 85

Encephalitis Lethargica 86

Post-vaccinal and Post-infectious Encephalomyelitis 92

Hemorrhagic Encephalitis 95

Rickettsial Infections 97

Typhus Fever 97

Spotted Fever 100

Scrub Typhus 101

Syphilis 103

Asymptomatic Neurosyphilis 107

Meningeal and Vascular Neurosyphilis 109

Cerebral Meningeal Neurosyphilis 109

Diffuse Cerebral Meningeal Neurosyphilis 109

Focal Cerebral Meningeal Neurosyphilis (Gumma) 113

Cerebral Vascular Neurosyphilis 113

Meningeal and Vascular Syphilis of the Spinal Cord 116

Sysphilitic Meningomyelitis 120

Spinal Vascular Syphilis 120

Gumma of the Spinal Cord 121

Syphilitic Hypertrophic Meningitis 121

Parenchymatous Neurosyphilis 123

Tabes Dorsalis 123

Dementia Paralytica 134

Congenital Neurosyphilis 145

Congenital Paretic Neurosyphilis 146

Congenital Tabetic Neurosyphilis 146

Congenital Syphilitic Epilepsy and Amentia 147

Other Microorganisms 149

Cerebral Malaria 149

Trichinosis 151

Schistosomiasis 153

Toxoplasmosis 154

Trypanosomiasis 156

CHAPTER 2 VASCULAR LESIONS 159

Diseases of the Cerebral Blood Vessels 159

Etiologic and Pathologic Considerations 159

Intracerebral hemorrhage 159

Cerebral Thrombosis (Encephalomalacia) 161

Cerebral Embolism 163

Clinical Considerations 164

Common Syndromes of Cerebral Vascular Accidents 178

Hypertensive Encephalopathy 189

Intracranial Aneurysms and Primary Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 190

Vascular Diseases of the Spinal Cord 197

Affections of the Blood Vessels of the Spinal Cord 197

Myelomalacia 198

Hematomyelia 200

CHAPTER 3 TUMORS 202

Intracranial tumors 202

Tumors of the Skull 222

Hyperostoses 222

Osteomas 222

Hemangiomas 223

Metastatic Tumors 223

Involvement of the Skull in Systemic Diseases 223

Other Tumors of the Skull 224

Tumors of the Meninges 224

Meningiomas 224

Other Tumors of the Meninges 231

Tumors of the Cranial Nerves 232

Gliomas of the Optic Nerve 232

Neurofibroma of the Eighth Cranial Nerve 233

Gliomas 238

Astrocytomas 239

Astroblastoma 240

Glioblastoma Multiformi 240

Medulloblastomas 240

Spongioblastoma Polare 242

Oligodendroglioma 244

Ependymoma 245

Tumors of the Ductless Glands 246

Pinealomas 246

Pituitary Tumors 247

Chromophobe Adenoma 248

Chromophile (Eosinophilic) Adenomas 250

Congenital Tumors 253

Craniopharyngiomas 253

Cholesteatomas 255

Chordomas 256

Dermoids and Teratomas 257

Cysts 257

Papillomas of the Choroid Plexus 258

Blood Vessel Tumors and Malformations 259

Sinus Pericranii 259

Meningeal Angioma 260

Sturge-Weber Disease 260

Parenchymatous Angiomas 264

Hemangioblastomas 267

Granulomas 269

Tuberculomas 269

Torulomas 271

Cysticercosis 271

Metastatic Tumors 272

Spinal Tumors 276

Tumors of the Peripheral Nerves 287

Neurofibromatosis 287

CHAPTER 4 TRAUMA 293

Craniocerebral Trauma 293

Types of Head Injuries 293

Complications of Head Injuries 299

Vascular Lesions 299

Extradural Hemorrhage 299

Subdural Hemorrhage 301

Subdural Hygroma 309

Intracerebral Hemorrhage 309

Cerebral Thrombosis 309

Arteriovenous Aneurysms 310

Infections 310

Extradural Abscess 310

Subdural Abscess 310

Meningitis 311

Brain Abscess 311

Rhinorrhea 311

Pneumocele 311

Leptomeningeal Cysts 312

Cranial Nerve Palsies 312

Focal Cerebral Lesions 312

Sequelae of Head Injuries 313

Epilepsy 313

Psychoses and Mental Disturbances 314

Post-traumatic Syndrome 315

Trauma to the Spinal Cord 319

Rupture of the Intervertebral Discs 325

Injury to Cranial and Peripheral Nerves 330

Neuritis 330

Cranial Nerves 332

Olfactory Nerve and Tract 332

Optic Nerve and Tract 333

Oculomotor，Trochlear and Abducens Nerves 338

Fifth Nerve (Trigeminal) 339

Seventh Nerve (Facial) 343

Eighth Nerve (Acoustic) 347

Ninth Nerve (Glossopharyngeal) 349

Tenth Nerve (Vagus) 351

Eleventh Nerve (Spinal Accessory) 352

Twelfth Nerve (Hypoglossal) 352

Peripheral Nerves 353

Radial Nerve 353

Median Nerve 354

Ulnar Nerve 355

Musculo-cutaneous Nerve 356

Axillary (Circumflex) Nerve 357

Long Thoracic Nerve 357

Brachial Cutaneous and Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerves 358

Suprascapular Nerve 358

Lesions of the Brachial Plexus 358

Radicular Syndromes 359

Secondary Trunk Syndromes 361

Ischaemic Paralysis of the Upper Limb 361

Obturator Nerve 362

Ilio-hypogastric Nerve 362

Ilio-inguinal Nerve 362

Genito-crural Nerve 362

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (External Cutaneous) Nerve 363

Femoral (Anterior Crural) Nerve 363

Sciatic (Great Sciatic) Nerve 364

Common Peroneal (External Popliteal) Nerve 366

Tibial (Internal Popliteal) Nerve 366

Causalgia 367

Lumbar Puncture and Intraspinal Injections 370

Ionizing Radiation 371

Electrical Injuries 372

CHAPTER 5 DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS 374

Congenital Hydrocephalus 374

Spina Bifida and Cranium Bifidum 378

Spina Bifida 379

Cranium Bifidum 383

Arnold-Chiari Malformation 384

Malformations of Occipital Bone and Cervical Spine 386

Basilar Impression 386

Malformations of the Atlas and Axis 387

Fusion of the Cervical Vertebrae 387

Premature Closure of the Cranial Sutures 389

Cleidocranial Dysostosis 392

Ocular Hypertelorism 393

Cervical Rib 393

Cerebral Palsy 395

CHAPTER 6 DEGENERATIVE AND HEREDODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 399

Cerebrum and Cranial Nerves 399

Disorders of Lipoid Metabolism (Lipoidoses) 399

Cerebromacular Degenerations 399

Niemann-Pick＇s Disease 403

Gargoylism 404

Cranial Xanthomatosis 404

Gaucher＇s Disease 406

Tuberous Sclerosis 408

Primary Degeneration of the Corpus Callosum 413

Presenile Dementia 416

Hereditary Optic Atrophy 419

Progressive Ophthalmoplegia 420

Marcus Gunn Phenomenon 421

Congenital Facial Diplegia 421

Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome 422

Mongolian Idiocy 423

Basal Ganglia 425

Acute (Sydenham＇s) Chorea 425

Chronic Progressive Chorea 428

Paralysis Agitans (Parkinson＇s Syndrome) 432

Hepato-lenticular Degeneration 441

Dystonia Musculorum Deformans 445

Spasmodic Torticollis 448

Other Disease of the Basal Ganglia 450

Juvenile Paralysis Agitans 450

Double Athetosis 450

Pigmentary Degeneration of the Globus Pallidus 452

Status Dysmyelinatus 453

Kernicterus 454

Spastic Pseudosclerosis 454

Hemiballism 455

Hemichorea 456

Cerebellum 457

Hereditary Spinal and Cerebellar Ataxia (Friedreich＇s Ataxia) 457

Hereditary Ataxia with Muscular Atrophy (Levy-Roussy Syndrome) 460

Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia with Spasticity 461

Olivo-cerebellar and Olivo-ponto-cerebellar Atrophy 462

Parenchymatous Cerebellar Degeneration 463

Spinal Cord 464

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 464

Hereditary Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 473

familial Spastic Paraplegia 475

Syringomyelia and Syringobulbia 476

Neuromuscular 484

Progressive Muscular Dystrophy 485

Amyotonia Congenita 492

Infantile Muscular Atrophy 493

Myotonia Congenita 494

Myotonia Atrophica 495

Peroneal Muscular Atrophy 499

Hypertrophic Interstitial Neuritis 503

CHAPTER 7 DISEASES DUE TO TOXINS 505

Bacterial Toxins 505

Diphtheria 505

Tetanus 505

Botulism 507

Metallic Poisons 509

Arsenic 509

Bismuth 509

Lead 510

Manganese 512

Mercury 512

Thallium 513

Organic Compounds 514

Ethyl Alcohol 514

Methyl Alcohol 515

Barbiturates 516

Belladonna 517

Bromides 517

Hydantoins 518

Carbon Monoxide 519

Tick Paralysis 521

CHAPTER 8 METABOLIC DISEASE 523

Endocrine Glands 523

Pituitary 523

Hypopituitarism 523

Hyperpituitarism 526

Thyroid 528

Hypothyroidism 528

Hyperthyroidism 529

Parathyroid 531

Hypoparathyroidism 531

Hyperparathyroidism (Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica) 533

Pancreas 535

Hyperinsulinism 535

Hypoinsulinism 539

Adrenal 539

Hypofunction of Adrenal 539

Addison＇s Disease 539

Hyperfunction of Adrenal 540

Adrenal Virilism and Adrenogenital Syndrome 540

Pheochromocytoma 541

Diseases of the Blood 542

Primary Anemia 542

Polycytheia Vera (Erythremia，Osler-Vasquez Disease) 549

Sickle Cell Anemia 550

Hodgkin＇s Disease 551

Diseases of Collagen Tissue 552

Periarteritis Nodosa 553

Temporal Arteritis 555

Lupus Erythematosus 556

Dermatomyositis 557

Diseases of Bone 560

Osteitis Deformans (Paget＇s Disease) 560

Leontiasis Ossea 563

Polyneuritis 563

Alcohol-vitamin Deficiency Polyneuritis 567

Triorthocresylphosphate Polyneuritis (Jake Palsy) 571

Arsenical Polyneuritis 572

Lead Polyneuritis 573

Polyneuritis Associated with Deficiency States 574

Diphtheritic Polyneuritis 578

Infectious Polyneuritis (Guillian-Barré Syndrome) 580

Polyneuritis of Pregnancy (Gestational Polyneuritis) 585

Hematoporphyrinuric Polyneuritis 586

Diabetic Polyneuritis 588

Leprosy 599

CHAPTER 9 DEMYELINATING DISEASES 593

Multiple Sclerosis 594

Diffuse Sclerosis 614

Schilder＇s Disease 614

Diffuse Sclerosis of the Merzbacher-Pelizaeus Type 620

Diffuse Sclerosis of Krabbe and Scholz 621

Acute Encephalomyelitis 622

Neuromyelitis Optica 623

Progressive Subcortical Encephalopathy 625

CHAPTER 10 DISEASES AND FUNCTIONAL DISTURBANCES OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY 627

Migraine and Other Types of Headache 627

Convulsive Disorders 637

Epilepsy 637

Tetany 666

Myoclonus Epilepsy 668

Carotid Sinus Syncope 670

Ménière＇s Syndrome 672

Myasthenia Gravis 675

Narcolepsy 682

Syndrome of Hypersomnia and Bulimia (Kleine-levin Syndrome) 686

Familial Periodic Paralysis 687

Index 689