PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AN INTRODUCTION TO THEIR USE IN THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCESPDF电子书下载

1．STATES OF MATTER 1

1．1 Introduction 1

1．2 Gases 6

1．3 Liquids 25

1．4 Solids 38

2．SOLUTIONS OF NONELECTROLYTES 46

2．1 Introduction 46

2．2 Ideality of Solutions 48

2．3 Phase Equilibria in Binary Systems 51

2．4 Distribution of a Solute Between Immiscible Solvents 69

2．5 Colligative Properties 75

3．THERMODYNAMICS AND ENERGY RELATIONS 89

3．1 Energy,Work,and Heat 89

3．2 Thermochemistry 97

3．3 Availability of Energy 112

3．4 Chemical Equilibrium 118

3．5 Energy Relations in Living Systems 127

4．SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES 132

4．1 Strong and Weak Electrolytes 132

4．2 Solubility Product and Complex Ion Stability Constant 139

4．3 Conductance 143

5．ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA 163

5．1 Br?nsted-Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases 163

5．2 Aqueous Solutions and the pH Scale 164

5．3 Weak Electrolyte Equilibria 165

5．4 Equilibria Involving Several Solutes 174

5．5 Physiological Applications 188

6．OXIDATION-REDUCTION EQUILIBRIA 196

6．1 Introduction 196

6．2 Galvanic Cells 197

6．3 Techniques of Potential Measurement 207

6．4 Oxidation-Reduction Titrations and Indicators 212

6．5 Organic and Biochemical Oxidation Reactions 216

6．6 Potentiometric Determination of pH 222

7．ADSORPTION AND SURFACE EFFECTS 230

7．1 Energy Relations and Adsorption 230

7．2 Liquid Surfaces 232

7．3 Adsorption on Solids 244

8．COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS 259

8．1 Nature 259

8．2 Preparation and Stability of Dispersions 260

8．3 Filtration and Particle Size 266

8．4 Optical Properties 269

8．5 Kinetic Properties 275

8．6 Electrokinetic Properties 283

8．7 Structural Properties 293

9．OSMOSIS AND MEMBRANE EFFECTS 301

9．1 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure 301

9．2 Selective Permeability 308

9．3 Donnan Membrane Effects 312

9．4 Membrane Potentials 316

10．KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS 319

10．1 Introduction 319

10．2 Kinetics of Simple Reactions 320

10．3 Reaction Orders and Rate Constants 323

10．4 Complex Reactions 329

10．5 Effect of Temperature on Rate Constant 334

10．6 Catalysis 338

10．7 Enzymie-Catalyzed Reactions 343

11．RADIATION AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE 351

11．1 Electromagnetic Radiation 351

11．2 The Electronic Structure of the Atom 365

11．3 Valence 372

11．4 Polarization of Molecules 385

11．5 Absorption and Emission of Radiation by Molecules 389

12．NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY 397

12．1 Structure of the Atom 397

12．2 Nuclear Reactions 400

12．3 Nuclear Radiations 413

12．4 Tracers 415

APPENDIX:MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES 419

INDEX 423