Thinking Straight A Guide For Readers & WritersPDF电子书下载

1．Sizing Up an Argument 3

1．STATEMENTS 3

2．EXPOSITION AND ARGUMENT 8

3．GETTING THE POINT 12

4．THE ANATOMY OF ARGUMENT 18

5．PUTTING YOUR REASONS IN ORDER 22

OUTLINE-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1 25

EXERCISES 1-3 26

2．Some Verbal Pitfalls 32

6．MEANING AND CONTEXT 33

7．AMBIGUITY 38

8．THE FALLACY OF EQUIVOCATION 42

9．VAGUENESS 46

10．HOW TO PIN DOWN YOUR MEANING 50

OUTLINE-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2 53

EXERCISES 4-8 54

3．Levels of Meaning 62

11．DENOTATION AND DESIGNATION 63

12．DESIGNATION AND CONNOTATION 68

13．STATING AND SUGGESTING 73

14．SLANTING 77

15．PLAIN DISCOURSE 82

OUTLINE-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3 86

EXERCISES 9-14 87

4．Figurative Language 94

16．SIMILE AND METAPHOR 96

17．INTERPRETING A METAPHOR 101

18．ANALOGIES：THEIR USE AND MISUSE 105

19．ANSWERING AN ANALOGY 110

20．MANAGING FIGURES OF SPEECH 114

OUTLINE-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 4 118

EXERCISES 15-20 118

5．Emotive Language 126

21．WORDS AND FEELINGS 127

22．EMOTIONAL APPEALS 132

23．FEELING AND THINKING 136

24．OVERSIMPLIFICATION AND DISTRACTION 141

25．CONTROLLING EMOTIVE LANGUAGE 147

OUTLINE-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5 149

EXERCISES 21-26 149

6．Defining Your Terms 157

26．WHAT A DEFINITION DOES 158

27．TESTING A DEFINITION 163

28．IMPROMPTU DEFINITIONS 169

29．DEFINING IN A CIRCLE 176

30．INFORMAL DEFINITIONS 181

OUTLINE-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6 186

EXERCISES 27-32 187

7．Does It Follow？ 194

31．THE IMPORTANCE OF LOGICAL FORM 196

32．BASIC LOGICAL CONNECTIONS 200

33．STATEMENTS INTO PREMISES 207

34．TESTING A SYLLOGISM 211

35．THE USES OF DEDUCTION 217

OUTLINE-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 7 223

EXERCISES 33-36 244

8．What＇s the Evidence？ 230

36．THE INDUCTIVE LEAP 232

37．APPRAISING A GENERALIZATION 238

38．APPRAISING A HYPOTHESIS 243

39．CLASSIFICATION 248

40．THE PROBLEM OF OUTLINING 253

OUTLINE-SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 8 260

EXERCISES 37-40 261

Review Test 267

Index 273