Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims:A Study of U.S.LawPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER Ⅰ PERSONS AND VESSELS ENTITLED TO LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Introduction 1

Ⅰ.Persons Entitled to Limitation of Liability 1

Shipowners 1

Charterers 4

Managers or Operators 8

Master and Crew Members 10

Salvors 13

Insurers 15

Ⅱ.Vessels for Purposes of Limitation of Liability 18

Vessels under U.S.Law 18

Defiinition 18

Pleasure Craft 21

Seagoing Vessels 24

Vessels under the International Conventions 25

Vessels under Chinese Law 28

CHAPTER Ⅱ CLAIMS SUBJECT TO LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Introduction 30

Ⅰ.Claims Subject to Limitation of Liability 30

Personal Injury and Death Claims 30

Claims for Loss of or Damage to Property 33

Causes of Action for Property Claims 33

Claims for Damage to Harbor Works， Basins and Waterways and Aids to Navigation 34

Claims for Loss of or Damage to Cargo 35

Delay Damage 38

Claims for Loss from Infringement of Rights 38

Claims for Costs for Wreck Removal 39

U.S.Wreck Law 40

Claims for Wreck Removal Costs under Chinese Law 43

Claims for Wreck Removal Costs under the International Conventions 46

Claims for Measures Taken to Avert or Minimize Loss 48

Ⅱ.Claims not Subject to Limitation of Liability 49

Claims for Salvage Rewards and Contributions in General Average 49

Claims for Special Damages 51

Claims Arising from Personal Contracts 54

CHAPTER Ⅲ CONDUCT BARRING LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Introduction 59

Ⅰ.Actual Fault or Privity 60

Definition 61

Privity or Knowledge of Corporate Shipowners 62

Privity or Knowledge of the Master and Crew Members 65

Breach of Duty 66

Non-Delegable Duty 69

Causation 71

Burden of Proof 72

Ⅱ.Conduct Barring Limitation under the 1976 Convention 73

Personal Act or Omission 73

Intention and Recklessness 75

Willful Misconduct or Gross Negligence 75

Test for Knowledge 77

Burden of Proof 79

Ⅲ.Conduct Barring Limitation under Chinese Law 80

CHAPTER Ⅳ LIMITATION FUND Introduction 82

I.Tonnage System 84

Tonnage Measurement 84

Flotilla Doctrine 84

Financial Unit of Limitation Fund 85

Extent of Limits 87

The 1957 Convention 87

The 1976 Convention 88

Protocol of 1996 to Amend the 1976 Convention 91

Distinct Occasion Theory 93

Ⅱ.Value Based System 94

The Value of Vessel and Flotilla Doctrine 95

Pending Freight 98

Other Interests for Purposes of Limitation Fund 99

Voyage Rule 100

Limitation Fund for Personal Injury and Death Claims 102

Ⅲ.Limitation Fund under Chinese Law 103

CHAPTER Ⅴ LMITATION PROCEEDINGS Introduction 105

Ⅰ.Initiation of Limitation Actions 105

Ⅱ.Bar to Other Actions 107

International Conventions 107

U.S.Law 107

Chinese Law 114

Ⅲ.Statutes of Limitation 115

U.S.Law 115

Chinese Law 118

CHAPTER Ⅵ CHOICE OF LAW IN LIMITATION ACTIONS Introduction 119

Ⅰ.U.S.Jurisprudence on Choice of Law Rules 120

Early Cases on Choice of Law Rules 120

Procedural/Substantive Dichotomy 122

Interest Analysis Methodology 125

Ⅱ.International Conventions and Choice of Law Rules 129

Inconsistency of International Law on Limitation of Liability 130

Interaction Between Conventions in Related Areas 130

National Implementation of International Conventions 131

Ⅲ.Choice of Law Rules under Chinese Legal Regime 132

Choice of Law Rules in Civil Matters 132

Choice of Law Rules in Maritime Cases 135

Choice of Law Rules in Limitation Actions 137

CHAPTER Ⅶ LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF MARINE OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE Introduction 138

Ⅰ.International Conventions 139

The 1969 Civil Liability Convention 139

The 1971 Fund Convention 142

The 1992 Protocols 143

Ⅱ.U.S.Law 143

Ⅲ.Chinese Law 148

CONCLUSION 150

BIBLIOGRAPHY 153

STATUTES 157

CASES 160

INDEX 167