A Political And Social History of Modern Europe Volume IPDF电子书下载

PART Ⅰ FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN EUROPE 1

CHAPTER Ⅰ．THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 3

The New National Monarchies 3

The Old Holy Roman Empire 10

The City-States 14

Northern and Eastern Europe in the year 1500 20

CHAPTER Ⅱ．THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION 27

Agriculture in the Sixteenth Century 28

Towns on the Eve of the Commercial Revolution 36

Trade Prior to the Commercial Revolution 43

The Age of Exploration 49

Establishment of Colonial Empires 55

Effects of the Commercial Revolution 62

CHAPTER Ⅲ．EUROPEAN POLITICS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 74

The Emperor Charles Ⅴ 74

Philip Ⅱ and the Predominance of Spain 87

CHAPTER Ⅳ．THE PROTESTANT REVOLT AND THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION 112

The Catholic Church at the Opening of the Sixteenth Century 112

The Protestant Revolt 124

Lutheranism 130

Calvinism 139

Anglicanism 148

The Catholic reformation 156

Summary of the Religious Revolution in the Sixteenth Century 164

CHAPTER Ⅴ．THE CULTURE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 175

The Invention of Printing 177

Humanism 180

Art in the Sixteenth Century 185

National Literatures in the Sixteenth Century 193

Beginnings of Modern Natural Science 196

PART Ⅱ DYNASTIC AND COLONIAL RIVALRY 207

CHAPTER Ⅵ．THE GROWTH OF ABSOLUTISM IN FRANCE AND THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN BOURBONS AND HABSBURGS，1589-1661 209

Growth of Absolutism in France：Henry IV，Richelieu，and Mazarin 209

Struggle between Bourbons and Habsburgs：The Thirty Years＇ War 218

CHAPTER Ⅶ．THE GROWTH OF ABSOLUTISM IN FRANCE AND THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN BOURBONS AND HABSBURGS，1661-1743 235

The Age of Louis ⅩⅣ 235

Extension of French Frontiers 242

The War of the Spanish Succession 249

CHAPTER Ⅷ．THE TRIUMPH OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT IN ENGLAND 261

Conflicting Political Tendencies in England：Absolutism versus Parliamentarianism 261

The Puritan Revolution 274

The Restoration：the Reign of Charles Ⅱ 281

The＂Glorious Revolution＂and the Final Establishment of Parliamentary Government in Great Britain 286

CHAPTER Ⅸ．THE WORLD CONFLICT OF FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN 299

French and English Colonies in the Seventeenth Century 299

Preliminary Encounters，1689-1748 306

The Triumph of Great Britain：The Seven Years＇ War，1756-1763 312

CHAPTER Ⅹ．THE REVOLUTION WITHIN THE BRITISH EMPIRE 322

The British Colonial System in the Eighteenth Century 322

The War of American Independence，1775-1783 332

The Reformation of the British Empire 337

CHAPTER Ⅺ．THE GERMANIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 342

The Holy Roman Empire in Decline 342

The Habsburg Dominions 344

The Rise of Prussia．The Hohenzollerns 347

The Minor German States 352

The Struggle between Hohenzollerns and Habsburgs 354

CHAPTER Ⅻ．THE RISE OF RUSSIA，AND THE DECLINE OF TURKEY，SWEDEN，AND POLAND 366

Russia in the Seventeenth Century 366

Peter the Great 369

Sweden and the Career of Charles Ⅻ 374

Catherine the Great：the Defeat of Turkey and the Dismemberment of Poland 379

PART Ⅲ ＂LIBERTY，EQUALITY，FRATERNITY＂ 393

CHAPTER ⅩⅢ．EUROPEAN SOCIETY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 395

Agriculture in the Eighteenth Century 395

Commerce and Industry in the Eighteenth Century 399

The Privileged Classes 403

Religious and Ecclesiastical Conditions in the Eighteenth Century 406

Scientific and Intellectual Developments in the Eighteenth Century 414

CHAPTER ⅩⅣ．EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 430

The British Monarchy 430

The Enlightened Despots 440

The French Monarchy 449

CHAPTER ⅩⅤ．THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 464

Introductory 464

The End of Absolutism in France，1789 468

The End of the Old Régime：the National Constituent Assembly，1789-1791 479

The Limited Monarchy in Operation：the Legislative Assemby (1791-1792) and the Outbreak of Foreign War 486

Establishment of the First French Republic：the National Convention，1792-1795 500

The Directory (1795-1799) and the Transformation of the Republic into a Military Dictatorship 512

Significance of the French Revolution 517

CHAPTER ⅩⅥ．THE ERA OF NAPOLEON 523

The French Republic under the Consulate，1799-1804 523

The French Empire and its Territorial Expansion 534

Destruction of the French Empire 544

Significance of the Era of Napoleon 573

INDEX (VOLUME Ⅰ) 583