Sociology and Social Problems in Nursing Service Second EditionPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTION 1

Part Ⅰ：SOCIOLOGY 3

Unit Ⅰ：SOCIAL TRENDS 3

Ⅰ．GENERAL SOCIAL TRENDS 3

Orientation 3

Economic Trends which Have an Immediate Bearing on Health 6

Social Trends which Have an Immediate Bearing on Health 9

Questions 20

Ⅱ．TRENDS IN SOCIAL LEGISLATION 21

The Social Security Program 21

Social Insurance 22

Public Assistance 23

Other Health and Welfare Services 25

Federal Legislation Relating to Servicemen in World War Ⅱ 27

Vocational Rehabilitation 29

The GI Bill 29

The Veterans Preference Act of June，1944 29

The Housing Program in the United States 30

The Federal Housing Administration(F．H．A．) 30

The Resettlement and Farm Security Administrations 31

The United States Housing Authority(U．S．H．A．) 31

The Lanham Act 34

The Tennessee Valley Authority 34

Federal Legislation Governing Labor 37

Workmen＇s Compensation 37

Legislation Governing Child Labor 39

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 40

Proposed Health Legislation 40

Proposed Federal Legislation Relating to Health 40

Questions 42

Suggested Problems 43

Bibliography 43

Unit Ⅱ：PERSONALITY AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL LIFE 45

INTRODUCTION 45

Ⅲ．CULTURE OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLES AND EARLY CIVILIZATIONS 48

The Upper Paleolithic Age 49

The Neolithic Age 49

Health Among Primitives 54

Poverty 54

Status of Women 55

Status of Young and Old 55

Training of Children 55

Civilization before the Fall of Rome 56

The Care of the Sick in the Early Civilizations 56

Questions 58

Ⅳ．BRIEF REVIEW OF CULTURAL CHANGE 59

Feudalism in Its Different Forms 59

Agricultural Feudalism 59

Urban Feudalism 61

The Beginning of Capitalism 62

The Industrial Revolution—Better termed Evolution 64

Modern Capitalism and Limitation by Legislation 66

Care of the Sick and the Culture of the Group 66

Questions 71

Ⅴ．RACE，NATIONALITY AND SOCIAL STATUS IN RELATION TO PERSONALITY 72

The Negro in the United States 74

The Health of the Negro 76

Conclusion 76

Personality of Immigrants 78

Contrast of Life in the＂Old Country＂and Present-Day America 78

History of Immigration in the United States 78

Immigration Laws 80

Contrast between Life in the Old Country and in United States 81

Some Representative Immigrant Groups 89

Immigration and Nursing 93

Questions 94

Ⅵ．PERSONALITY AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL LIFE 95

Suggested Problems 96

Bibliography 97

Unit Ⅲ：THE FAMILY 99

Ⅶ．BIOLOGICAL，ECONOMIC，EMOTIONAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS 99

The Historical Development of the Family 99

The Family among Primitive Peoples 99

The Patriarchal Family 100

The Family in the American Colonies 100

The Family in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 100

Four Aspects of Family Life 101

Biological Interdependence 101

Economic Interdependence 102

Psychological Interdependence 105

Cultural Interdependence 108

American Levels of Family Living 108

Minimum of Subsistence Level 110

Minimum Health and Decency Level 110

The Comfort Level 110

The Socially Acceptable Level 110

The Family Living Standard in Relation to Health 112

In the City 113

In the Rural Area 115

Questions 117

Ⅷ．THE PARENTS AND THE HOME 118

Daily Family Life 118

Emotional Stability 119

Habit Problems Found among Normal Children 121

Eating 124

Sleep 126

Aggressive Acts．Anger and Temper Tantrums 126

Destructiveness 127

Behavior Problems Associated with Ownership 128

Retreat as a Method of Meeting Failure 129

Day-dreaming and Shyness 129

Jealousy 130

Lying 130

Behavior Problems Associated with Sex 131

Delinquency 131

Attitude toward Others 132

Problems of Adolescence 133

Questions 135

Ⅸ．THE MODERN FAMILY 136

Forces in Family Disorganization 136

Individualism of the Time 136

Life in the City 137

Women in Industry 138

Individual Forces which Lead to Family Disorganization 141

Neighborhood Forces which Lead to Family Disorganization 141

Family Reorganization 145

The Nurse and Institutions which Serve the Normal Family 146

Marriage and Family Guidance Clinics 146

Maternity Clinics 147

Well-Baby Clinics 147

The Clinic for the Preschool Child 147

Public Health Services in the Schools 147

The Clinic for Venereal Disease 147

Child Study and the Child Guidance Clinic 148

The Children＇s Bureau 149

The Day Nursery，Nursery School，and Child Center 150

Family Case Work 154

Questions 155

Suggested Problems 156

Bibliography 157

Unit Ⅳ：THE MODERN COMMUNITY—RURAL AND URBAN 158

INTRODUCTION 158

The Community as Part of the Region 158

Regional Planning 160

Social Institutions in the Community 161

Urban versus Rural Life 162

Ⅹ．THE RURAL COMMUNITY 165

The Rural Population：Farm and Non-Farm 165

Levels of Living in Rural Areas 166

The Farm：Types of Farms 168

The Trend after the War 176

Rural Non-Farm Community 178

Conclusion 181

Questions 181

Ⅺ．THE FUNCTIONS OF THE RURAL COMMUNITY 183

Rural Government 183

Social Control 184

Transportation and Communication 185

Farmers＇Organizations 186

Libraries 189

Recreation 189

Social Agencies 190

Health Work in the Country 194

Rural Hospitalization 194

Rural Planning 195

Questions 198

Ⅻ．THE CITY 199

Cities：Types，Location and Growth 199

Functions of the City 205

Government 205

City Services 206

Education 214

Recreation 216

Buying and Selling in the City 220

Houses 220

Furniture 221

Clothing 222

Food 223

Questions 224

ⅩⅢ．THE CITY(CONTINUED) 225

Social Agencies 225

Union of Health Service and Social Agencies 227

Two Social Institutions：The Family and the Church 232

Social Control of the City 233

City Planning 234

Questions 234

ⅩⅣ．THE CITY(CONTINUED) 235

The Place of Nursing in the Urban Community 235

Nursing in Urban Communities 235

Nursing in Deteriorated Areas 237

Nursing in Residential Areas 238

Nursing among the Wealthy 239

Industrial Nursing 239

Conclusion 242

Questions 242

Suggested Problems 242

Bibliography 244

Part Ⅱ：SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN NURSING SERVICE 246

INTRODUCTION 246

Unit Ⅰ：SOCIAL TREND IN NURSING SERVICE 247

ⅩⅤ．SOCIAL PROBLEMS 247

Social Problems Defined and Classified 247

Social Causes and Results of Disease 248

Medical Social Problems 249

Social Problems in Nursing Service 250

The Mass Attack on Medical Social Problems 253

Summary 254

Questions 254

ⅩⅥ．SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN HOSPITAL NURSING 255

Community Social Service 255

Hospital Social Service 257

Adjustment of Family and Friends to Patient＇s Condition 260

The Community and the Handicapped 261

Plan of Nursing Care 262

A Nursing Care Study 263

Questions 265

ⅩⅦ．INTEGRATION OF HOSPITAL NURSING AND SOCIAL SERVICE 266

The Student Nurse 267

Student Nurse＇s Participation in Social Problems 272

Medical Social Problems Met in Nursing Service 272

Cancer of the Rectum 272

Care of Patients with Amputations 274

Mild Mental Disorders in the Aged 275

Medical Social Problems in Nursing of Children 279

Medical Social Problems of the Diabetic 281

Work of the Hospital Social Service 282

Questions 285

Suggested Problems 286

Bibliography 286

Unit Ⅱ：MEDICAL SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE COMMUNITY 288

INTRODUCTION 288

ⅩⅧ．MEETING THE PROBLEM OF SICKNESS 289

Courses of Sickness 289

The Economic Cost of Sickness 293

Methods of Meeting the Problem of Sickness 293

Mutual Benefit Associations 294

Labor Unions 294

Fraternal Orders 294

Insurance Companies 294

Group Hospital Service Plans 296

The Place of Health Service in Urban Social Problems 298

Questions 299

ⅩⅨ．MAJOR HANDICAPS CAUSING MEDICAL SOCIAL PROBLEMS 300

Introduction 300

Blindness and Visual Disorders 301

Disease as a Cause of Blindness 302

Accident as Cause of Blindness 303

Prevention 303

Social Results of Blindness 305

Public and Private Aid to the Blind 307

Social Service and the Blind 308

Blindness Resulting from War Injuries 309

Case Study of a Blind Girl 310

Deafness and Impairment of Hearing 310

Heredity，Disease and Injury as Causes 311

Social Results of Deafness 312

Public and Private Aid to the Deaf 314

The Blind Deaf Mute 315

Deafness Resulting from War Injuries 316

Case Study of a Deaf Professional Man 316

Case Study of a Deaf Mute 316

The Crippled 317

Relative Frequency of Orthopedic Impairments 318

Causes of Crippling 319

Social Adjustment 319

Prevention and Relief 320

War Injuries 321

Case Study of a Crippled Boy 322

Venereal Disease as a Medical Social Problem 322

Incidence 323

Program for Prevention and Relief 323

Syphilis in War 326

Tuberculosis，Cancer，Diabetes，and Heart Disease as Medical Social Problems 326

Tuberculosis 326

Cancer 328

Diabetes 329

Heart Disease 330

Mental Deficiency as a Medical Social Problem 331

Causes of Mental Deficiency- 333

Social Adjustment 333

Prevention and Care 334

The Insane 335

Personality Maladjustment in Relation to Economic and Social Life 336

War Injuries：The Mentally or Emotionally Handicapped 337

The Alcoholic and the Drug Addict 338

The Criminal and the Prostitute 339

Classification of Crimes 340

Women in Prostitution 342

The Dependent Child 342

Care of the Dependent Child 342

The Illegitimate Child 344

Summaries of Case Studies 345

The Aged 346

Old Age 346

Care of the Old 346

Youth 348

Bad Effects of Working Conditions 351

Youth＇s Contribution to Family Support 351

The Homeless 352

The Homeless Man and Woman 352

Homeless Youth 354

Homeless Families 356

Questions 357

Suggested Problems 357

Bibliography 358

GLOSSARY 360

INDEX 370