The Communist Manifesto Of Karl Marx and Friedrich EngelsPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTION：The Communist League，1847-1852 1

PART ONE MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY 25

Ⅰ．Bourgeois and Proletarians 25

Ⅱ．Proletarians and Communists 42

Ⅲ．Socialist and Communist Literature 54

1．Reactionary Socialism 54

(a)Feudalistic Socialism 54

(b)Petty-bourgeois Socialism 56

(c)German，or＂true＂Socialism 57

2．Conservative or Bourgeois Socialism 61

3．Critical-Utopian Socialism and Communism 63

Ⅳ．Attitude of the Communists towards the various Opposition Parties 66

PART TWO EXPLANATORY NOTES 69

Ⅰ．Bourgeois and Proletarians 69

1．The Harrying of the Communists in 1847 69

2．Haxthausen，Maurer，and Morgan 69

3．The Decline of the Medieval Economy，the Age of Geographical Discovery，and the Beginnings of the World Market 71

4．Manufacture 74

5．The Industrial Revolution and the Development of Machinofacture 75

6．Political Evolution of the Bourgeoisie 77

7．The Growth of Exchange and the Dominion of Cash-Payment 80

8．Revolutionary Character of Capitalism 84

9．The Spread of Capitalism throughout the World 85

10．Quantitative and Qualitative Growth of the World Market 85

11．Development of the Means of Communication and Transport under the Capitalist System 86

12．Cleavage between Town and Countryside 89

13．The Accumulation of Capital 91

14．Capitalism and Man＇s Conquest over Nature 93

15．A Few Words Concerning the Theory and the History of Crises 97

16．Historical Evolution of the Proletariat 99

17．The Division of Labour During the Epochs of Manufacture and Largescale Production(Machinofacture) 102

18．Labour and Labour Power 103

19．Factory Despotism 106

20．Labour of Women and Children 107

21．Worker Gives Credit to Capitalist 108

22．The Petty and Middle Bourgeoisie fall into the Ranks of the Proletariat 109

23．Various Forms of Working-Class Protest Against Capitalism 109

24．The Proletarians as Pawns in the Bourgeois Game 112

25．Origin and Growth of the Trade Union Movement 113

26．Political Organisation of the Working Class—Chartism 116

27．Antagonisms Within Bourgeois Society—the Use made of these Conflicts by the Proletariat 118

28．Proletariat，＂People，＂and Peasantry—Importance of the Forms of Exploitation 122

29．The Proletariat and Respect for Law 128

30．Evolution and Revolution—International Character of the Proletarian Movement 131

31．Capitalist Accumulation leads to the Impoverishment and Degradation of the Working Class—Expropriation of the Expropriators 133

Ⅱ．Proletarians and Communists 136

32．Communists and the Working-Class Parties 136

33．Feudalist Property and Bourgeois Property 138

34．Capital is the Outcome of a Specific and Transient Phase of Social Evolution 142

35．Private and Individual Property—the Principle of Distribution in a Communist Society 144

36．The Dominion of Capital over Labour 146

37．Bourgeois Personality and Human Personality 147

38．Bourgeois Love of Work and Proletarian Sloth 149

39．Material Production and Mental Production 151

40．Supposed Fixity of the Bourgeois Type of Society 158

41．The Family in Bourgeois Society 161

42．The Workers and＂Their＂Country 167

43．The Class War and the Historical Process 170

44．Evolution in Ethics，Social Science，and Natural Science 173

45．The Dictatorship of the Proletariat 177

46．Communist Program for the Transition Period 180

47．Centralisation and the State 191

Ⅲ．Socialist and Communist Literature 197

48．Reactionary Romanticism 197

49．Feudalistic Socialism 199

50．Christian Socialism 206

51．Sismondi 210

52．＂True＂Socialism 213

53．Proudhon 223

54．Bourgeois Philanthropy 226

55．Babeuf 227

56．The Great Utopists 231

57．Communists in France and in Germany 237

58．Owenites and Chartists 240

Ⅳ．Attitude of Communists towards the various Opposition Parties 242

59．Communists and the Working-Class Organisations of England and of the United States of America 242

60．Communists and Radicals in France and in Switzerland 245

61．Communists and the Polish Question 247

62．Tasks of the Communists in Germany 250

63．Communists and Democrats 253

PART THREE APPENDIXES 255

(A)Ryazanoff＇s Preface to the First Russian Edition of the Present Volume 255

(B)Ryazanoff＇s Preface to the Second Russian Edition of the Present Volume 257

(C)Prefaces to the Communist Manifesto： 259

1．Authors＇ Preface to the German Edition of 1872 259

2．Engels＇ Preface to the German Edition of 1883 261

3．Engels＇ Preface to the German Edition of 1890 262

4．Engels＇ Preface to the Polish Edition of 1892 269

5．Engels＇ Preface to the Italian Edition of 1893 270

(D)The Revolutionary Movements of 1847，＆by F．Engels 272

(E)＂Communist Journal，＂London，Sept．1847 Introduction 286

Citizen Cabet＇s Emigration Scheme 294

The Prussian Diet and the Prussian Proletariat，together with the Proletariat throughout Germany 298

German Emigrants 312

Political and Social Survey 315

(F)Principles of Communism，by F．Engels 319

(G)Rules and Constitution of the Communist League 340

(H)Demands of the Communist Party in Germany 345

(J)Chronological Table 348

BIBLIOGRAPHY 355

INDEX 358