Select Chapters and Passages From The Wealth of Nations of Adam Smith 1776PDF电子书下载

BOOK Ⅰ．OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF LABOUR，AND OF THE ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE IS NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE 5

CHAPTER Ⅰ．Of the Division of Labour 5

CHAPTER Ⅱ．Of the Principle which gives occasion to the Division of Labour 16

CHAPTER Ⅲ．That the Division of Labour is limited by the Extent of the Market 20

CHAPTER Ⅳ．Of the Origin and the Use of Money 24

CHAPTER Ⅴ．Of the real and nominal Price of Commodities，or of their Price in Labour and their Price in Money 30

CHAPTER Ⅵ．Of the component Parts of the Price of Commodities 42

CHAPTER Ⅶ．Of the natural and market Price of Commodities 53

CHAPTER Ⅷ．Of the Wages of Labour 66

CHAPTER Ⅸ．Of the Profits of Stock 86

CHAPTER Ⅹ．Of Wages and Profit in the different Employments of Labour and of Stock 99

PART Ⅰ．Inequalities arising from the Nature of the Employments themselves 100

PART Ⅱ．Inequalities occasioned by the Policy of Europe 110

CHAPTER Ⅺ．Of the Rent of Land 128

PART Ⅰ．Of the Produce of Land which always affords Rent 131

Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price of Manufactures 139

Conclusion of the Chapter 140

BOOK Ⅱ．OF THE NATURE，ACCUMULATION，AND EMPLOYMENT OF STOCK 146

Introduction 146

CHAPTER Ⅰ．Of the Division of Stock 149

CHAPTER Ⅲ．Of the Accumulation of Capital，or of productive and unproductive Labour 160

CHAPTER Ⅳ．Of Stock lent at Interest 172

CHAPTER Ⅴ．Of the different Employment of Capitals 180

BOOK Ⅲ．OF THE DIFFERENT PROGRESS OF OPULENCE IN DIFFERENT NATIONS 189

CHAPTER Ⅰ．Of the natural Progress of Opulence 189

BOOK Ⅳ．OF SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL OECONOMY 196

Introduction 196

CHAPTER Ⅰ．Of the Principle of the Commercial or Mercantile System 197

CHAPTER Ⅱ．Of the Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of such Goods as can be produced at Home 219

CHAPTER Ⅷ．Conclusion of the Mercantile System (in 3rd ed．) 233

CHAPTER Ⅸ．Of the Agricultural Systems，or of those Systems of Political OEconomy which represent the Produce of Land as either the sole or the principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth of every Country 234

BOOK Ⅴ．OF THE REVENUE OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH 258

CHAPTER Ⅰ．Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth 258

PART Ⅲ．Of the Expense of Public Works and Public Institutions 258

ARTICLE Ⅱ．Of the Expense of the Institutions for the Education of Youth 258

CHAPTER Ⅱ．Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society 261

PART Ⅱ．Of Taxes 261

ARTICLE Ⅰ．Taxes upon Rent；upon the Rent of Land 262

Taxes which are proportioned not to the Rent，but to the Produce of Land 266

Taxes upon Rent of Houses 267

ARTICLE Ⅱ．Taxes upon Profit，or upon the Revenue arising from Stock 271

Taxes upon the Profit of particular Employments 274

ARTICLE Ⅲ．Taxes upon the Wages of Labour 276

ARTICLE Ⅳ．Taxes which，it is intended，should fall indifferently upon every different Species of Revenue 279

Taxes upon consumable Commodities 279