The Abnormal Pneumoencephalogram Second EditionPDF电子书下载

PART 1 TUMORS OF THE BRAIN 23

SECTION 1 NEOPLASMS 23

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 23

Plain Roentgenography of Skull 23

Technique of Examination of Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 23

Interpretation of Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 24

Pneumoencephalography 27

Roentgen Technique for Pneumoencephalography 27

Interpretation of Pneumoencephalograms 28

Authors＇ Material 30

Statistics 31

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 31

Pneumoencephalograms 31

CHAPTER 2 PATHOLOGY OF BRAIN TUMORS 33

Glioblastoma Multiforme 34

Astrocytoma 36

Medulloblastoma 37

Oligodendroglioma 37

Ependymoma 39

Pineal Tumor 40

The Adenomas of the Pituitary Gland 42

Meningioma 43

Perineurial Fibroblastoma of the Acoustic Nerve 45

Congenital Tumors 47

Craniopharyngeal Duct Tumor 47

Epidermoid and Dermoid Tumors 50

Other Tumors Growing within the Intracranial Cavity 50

Blood Vessel Tumors 50

Choroid Plexus Papilloma 52

Crania Tumors Involving the Brain 52

CHAPTER 3 FRONTAL LOBE TUMORS 53

Introduction 53

Literature 54

Authors＇ Material 54

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 57

Pneumoencephalography 59

Lateral Ventricles 59

Deformities 60

Truncated Deformity 60

Anterior Bending 60

＂Silver Fork＂Deformity 60

Concave Deformity 60

Lateral Ventricles in Frontal Astrocytoma 61

Lateral Ventricles in Frontal Glioblastoma Multiforme 65

Lateral Ventricles in Frontal Oligodendroglima 66

Lateral Ventricles in Frontal Meningioma 67

Lateral Ventricles in Miscellaneous Frontal Lobe Tumors 67

Septum Pellucidum 68

Third Ventricle 69

Aqueduct of Sylvius 69

Fourth Ventricle 69

Subarachnoid Cisterns 69

Subarachnoid Sulci 69

Summary 70

Differential Diagnosis 72

CHAPTER 4 PARIETAL LOBE TUMORS 75

Introduction 75

Literature 75

Authors＇ Material 77

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 77

Pneumoencephalography 79

Lateral Ventricles 79

Septum Pellucidum 83

Third Ventricle 83

Aqueduct of Sylvius 84

Fourth Ventricle 84

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Cerebral Sulci 84

Parietotemporal Tumors 84

Summary 86

Differential Diagnosis 87

CHAPTER 5 OCCIPITAL LOBE TUMORS 89

Introduction 89

Literature 89

Authors＇ Material 90

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 90

Pneumoencephalography 91

Lateral Ventricles 91

Third Ventricle 92

Subarachnoid Cisterns 93

Temporo-occipital Tumors 93

Summary 95

Differential Diagnosis 96

CHAPTER 6 TEMPORAL LOBE TUMORS 98

Introduction 98

Literature 98

Authors＇ Material 100

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 101

Pneumoencephalography 102

Lateral Ventricles 102

Septum Pellucidum 106

Third Ventricle 107

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 108

Tumors of the Hippocampus 108

Subtemporal Meningioma 110

Tumors of the Gasserian Ganglion 110

Summary 113

Differential Diagnosis 115

CHAPTER 7 PARASAGITTAL TUMORS 117

Introduction 117

Literature 118

Authors＇ Material 119

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 120

Pneumoencephalography 123

Lateral Ventricles 124

Septum Pellucidum 138

Third Ventricle 138

Aqueduct of Sylvius 139

Fourth Ventricle 139

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 139

Bilateral Parasagittal Tumors 140

Summary 142

Differential Diagnosis 145

CHAPTER 8 MENINGIOMAS OF THE OLFACTORY GROOVE，TUBERCULUM SELLAE，SPHENOID WINGS AND SYLVIAN FISSURE 146

Introduction 146

Literature 146

Authors＇ Material－Olfactory Groove Meningiomas 148

Introduction 148

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 148

Pneumoencephalography 149

Lateral Ventricles 149

Third Ventricle 150

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 151

Summary 151

Meningiomas of the Sphenoid Wing 152

Introduction 152

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 153

Pneumoencephalography 154

Lateral Ventricles 154

Third Ventricle 156

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 156

Summary 157

Meningiomas of the Tuberculum Sellae 157

Introduction 157

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 157

Pneumoencephalography 160

Lateral Ventricles 160

Third Ventricle 161

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 161

Summary 161

Meningiomas of the Sylvian Fissure 162

Introduction 162

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 162

Pneumoencephalography 162

Lateral Ventricles 162

Third Ventricle 163

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 163

Summary 163

CHAPTER 9 TUMORS OF THE OPTIC NERVES AND CHIASM 166

Introduction 166

Literature 166

Authors＇ Material 167

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 167

Pneumoencephalography 168

Lateral Ventricles 168

Third Ventricle 169

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 169

Summary 170

Rare Tumors in the Region of the Optic Chiasm 171

CHAPTER 10 PITUITARY ADENOMAS 175

Introduction 175

Literature 175

Authors＇ Material 178

Plain Roentgenograms of the Skull 179

Pneumoencephalography 183

Lateral Ventricles 183

Third Ventricle 187

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 187

Summary 187

Differential Diagnosis 188

CHAPTER 11 CRANIOPHARYNGIOMAS 189

Introduction 189

Literature 189

Authors＇ Material 190

Plain Roentgenograms of the Skull 191

Pneumoencephalography 192

Summary 197

CHAPTER 12 TUMORS OF THE ANTERIOR PORTION OF THE THIRD VENTRICLE 198

Introduction 198

Literature 198

Authors＇ Material 200

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 201

Pneumoencephalography 202

Lateral Ventricles 203

Third Ventricle 205

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 206

Differential Diagnosis 209

Summary 210

CHAPTER 13 TUMORS OF THE BASAL GANGLIA AND THALAMUS 211

Introduction 211

Literature 211

Illustrative Cases 213

CHAPTER 14 PINEAL TUMORS 217

Introduction 217

Literature 218

Authors＇ Material 220

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 220

Pneumoencephalography 220

Summary 223

Differential Diagnosis 223

CHAPTER 15 TUMORS OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM 225

Introduction 225

Literature 226

Authors＇ Material 227

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 227

Pneumoencephalography 227

Lateral Ventricles 227

Third Ventricle 230

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 230

Comment 234

Differential Diagnosis 235

Summary 236

CHAPTER 16 LATERAL VENTRICLE TUMORS 237

Introduction 237

Literature 237

Authors＇ Material 239

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 239

Pneumoencephalography 240

Lateral Ventricles 240

Third Ventricle 244

Summary 249

Differential Diagnosis 250

CHAPTER 17 TUMORS OF THE PEDUNCLES AND PONS 252

Introduction－Tumors of the Peduncles 252

Authors＇ Material 253

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 253

Pneumoencephalography 253

Lateral Ventricles 253

Third Ventricles 254

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 254

Summary 255

Introduction－Tumors of the Pons Varolii 255

Literature 255

Authors＇ Material 256

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 257

Pneumoencephalography 257

Summary 260

Differential Diagnosis 261

CHAPTER 18 TUMORS OF THE POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA 262

Introduction 262

Literature 262

Authors＇ Material 266

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 267

Medulloblastoma 267

Astrocytoma 267

Hemangioblastoma 267

Miscellaneous Cerebellar Tumors 267

Pneumoencephalography 269

Medulloblastoma 269

Astrocytoma 275

Hemangioblastoma 278

Miscellaneous Cerebellar Tumors 281

Lindau＇s Disease 282

Summary 286

Differential Diagnosis 288

Acoustic Nerve Tumors 291

Introduction 291

Literature 291

Authors＇ Material 294

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 295

Pneumoencephalography 295

Summary 297

Herniation of the Brain 299

Tumors of the Medulla Oblongata 301

CHAPTER 19 METASTATIC TUMORS 302

Introduction 302

Illustrative Cases 304

Neuroblastoma 306

SECTION 2 NON-NEOPLASTIC TUMORS 309

CHAPTER 20 CHRONIC SUBDURAL HEMATOMA 309

Introduction 309

Literature 310

Authors＇ Material 313

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 313

Chronic Calcified or Ossified Subdural Hematoma 313

Relapsing Juvenile Chronic Subdural Hematoma 316

Chronic Subdural Hematoma (Usual type) 324

pneumoencephalography 324

Lateral Ventricles 325

Third Ventricle 327

Subarachnoid Cisterns and Sulci 328

Cerebral Subdural Gas 329

Discussion 334

Summary 336

Subdural Hydroma 337

Extradural Hematoma 338

CHAPTER 21 BRAIN ABSCESS 341

Introduction 341

Literature 341

Authors＇ Material 342

Frontal Lobe Abscess 342

Temporal Lobe Abscess 344

Abscesses in Miscellaneous Locations 345

Summary 346

CHAPTER 22 SYPHILIS OF THE BRAIN 347

Introduction 347

Literature 347

Illustrative Case 348

CHAPTER 23 VASCULAR ANOMALIES OF THE BRAIN 350

Introduction 350

Literature 352

Illustrative Cases 353

CHAPTER 24 INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS 356

Introduction 356

Literature 356

Authors＇ Material 358

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 358

Pneumoencephalography 359

Summary 361

CHAPTER 25 CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE AND THROMBOSIS 362

Introduction 362

Literature 362

Authors＇ Material 364

Summary 369

PART 2 NON-TUMOROUS LESIONS OF THE BRAIN 371

CHAPTER 26 LESIONS OF THE SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM 371

Congenital Absence 371

Perforations of the Septum Pellucidum 374

Congenital Single Lateral Ventricle 374

Cysts of the Cavum Septi Pellucidi and Cavum Vergae 377

Tumors of the Septum Pellucidum 383

CHAPTER 27 LESIONS OF THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS 386

Introduction 386

Literature 386

Authors＇ Material 388

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 389

Pneumoencephalography 389

Summary 392

Discussion 392

CHAPTER 28 SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOCEPHALUS 395

Introduction 395

Literature 395

Illustrative Case 396

CHAPTER 29 CEREBRAL ATROPHY 399

Introduction 399

Congenital Atrophy or Hypoplasia 400

Microcephaly 403

Cerebro-ponto-cerebellar Atrophy 404

Birth Injuries 406

Cerebral Hemiatrophy 408

Posttraumatic Cerebral Atrophy 414

Porencephaly 418

Cerebral Atrophy of Unknown Origin (Pick＇s Disease；Alzheimer＇s Disease) 421

Cerebral Atrophy Due to Arteriosclerosis 424

BasalGanglia Disease 425

Schilder＇s Disease 426

Multiple Sclerosis 429

Summary 431

Epilepsy 431

CHAPTER 30 AGENESIS OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM 436

Introduction 436

Discussion 437

Illustrative Cases 439

CHAPTER 31 PLATYBASIA，ARNOLD-CHIARI MALFORMATION，MENINGOENCEPHALOCELE AND CRANIOLACUNIA 441

Platybasia 441

Introduction 441

Literature 441

Illustrative Cases 443

Arnold-Chiari Malformation 444

Meningoencephalocele 447

Craniolacunia (Lückenschadel) 449

CHAPTER 32 CONGENITAL HYDROCEPHALUS；AMAUROTIC FAMILY IDIOCY 452

Congenital Hydrocephalus 452

Amaurotic Family Idiocy (Tay-Sachs Disease) 455

CHAPTER 33 OPTIC CHIASM AND POSTERIOR FOSSA ARACHNOIDITIS 457

Optic Chiasm Arachnoiditis 457

Posterior Fossa Arachnoiditis 459

Introduction 459

Literature 459

Authors＇ Material 461

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 461

Pneumoencephalography 461

Summary 463

Syringobulbia 463

CHAPTER 34 SEROUS MENINGITIS 464

Introduction 464

Authors＇ Material 465

Differential Diagnosis 468

CHAPTER 35 ENCEPHALITIS，ENCEPHALOPATHIES AND RARE INFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 469

Encephalitis 469

Introduction 469

Literature 469

Authors＇ Material 469

Plain Roengenograms of Skull 469

Pneumoencephalography 470

Summary 470

Post-infectious Encephalopathy 471

Plain Roentgenograms of Skull 472

Pneumoencephalography 472

Summary 473