A Survey of North West Africa The MaghribPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTION NORTH WEST AFRICA (AL-MAGHRIB ALARABI) AND ITS PEOPLE 1

1．In Antiquity 9

2．The Middle Ages 15

3．The End of the Middle Ages 26

4．The Barbary States 28

5．The European Occupation 39

6．The Struggle for Independence 47

PART ONE THE WESTERN MAGHRIB (AL-MAGHRIB AL-AQSA) 73

Ⅰ．THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO (AL-MAMLAKAT AL-MAGHRIBIYA) 75

FROM MEDIEVAL EMPIRE TO MODERN KINGDOM 75

Geography and Population 75

History：the French Protectorate 82

Government and Political Life 100

Social Conditions 112

Economic Conditions 120

MOROCCAN RELATIONS WITH SPAIN FROM ANTIQUITY TILL 1912 137

THE SPANISH PROTECTORATE IN THE NORTHERN ZONE，1912-56 143

History 144

Administration and Political Life 163

Social Conditions 166

Economic Conditions 168

THE TANGIER INTERNATIONAL ZONE，1912-57 172

Ⅱ．THE GARRISON TOWNS OF CEUTA AND MELILLA，THE CHAFARINAS ISLANDS，AND THE PENONS OF ALHUCEMAS AND GOMERA 181

Ceuta and Melilla 181

The Island Presidios and Penons 188

Ⅲ．SPANISH WEST AFRICA AND TARFAYA 189

PART TWO ALGERIA (AL-JAZAIR) AND THE SAHARA (AL-SAHRA) 199

Ⅳ．ALGERIA (AL-JAZAIR) 201

Geography and Population 201

History 206

Government and Political Life 220

Social Conditions 235

Economic Conditions 241

Conclusion：Proposed Solutions 255

Ⅴ．THE SAHARA (ORGANISATION COMMUNE DES REGIONS SAHARIENNES) 257

Ⅵ．MAURITANIA (SHINQIT) AND THE FAR SOUTH 263

Social and Economic Conditions 272

PART THREE THE EASTERN MAGHRIB (AL-MAGHRIB AL-ADNA) 277

Ⅶ．RELATIONS OF ITALY WITH THE EASTERN MAGHRIB 279

Ⅷ．THE REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA (AL-JUMHURIYAT AL-TUNISIYA) 288

Geography and Population 288

History 295

Government and Political Life 308

Social Conditions 319

Economic Conditions 326

Ⅸ．THE UNITED KINGDOM OF LIBYA (MAMLAKATU LIBIYA AL-MUTTAHIDA) 341

Geography and Population 341

History 347

Government and Political Life 357

Social Conditions 362

Economic Conditions 365

ADDENDA 379

1．Developments in 1958：Algeria，Morocco，Tunisia 379

2．Note concerning Muslim Slaves in Malta 382

3．Camoens＇ Description of the Spanish Sahara 382

SHORT LIST OF USEFUL BOOKS 383

INDEX 393