The European Philosophers From Descartes To NietzschePDF电子书下载

RENE DESCARTES 1

Discourse on Method，PARTS Ⅰ-Ⅲ 5

Meditations on First Philosophy 25

Supplementary Passages 80

Intuition and Deduction 80

Metaphysical Doubt and Certainty 81

The Cogito 82

The Clearness and Distinctness Criterion 83

Infinity and the Idea of God 83

Innate Ideas 85

Eternal Truths 86

Is Descartes＇ Argument Circular？ 87

Substance 88

Modes 89

Space and Bodies 91

The Pineal Gland 93

The Automatism of Brutes 94

BLAISE PASCAL 97

Thoughts (abridged) 100

BARUCH SPINOZA 137

Ethics Demonstrated in Geometrical Order (abridged) 140

Theologico-Political Treatise，CHAPTER ⅩⅩ 227

Supplementary Passages 235

Experience and Definition 235

Substance and Attribute 235

Natura Naturata 236

Man＇s Dependence upon God 236

Method 237

Excusability 238

The Natue of Evil 239

GOTTFRIED WILHELM VON LEIBNIZ 241

First Truths 245

Discourse on Metaphysics 250

Monadology 288

Supplementary Passages 302

Necessary and Contingent Truths 302

Space and Time 304

Expression 305

The Ontological Argument 306

The Relation between Soul and Body 308

Progress 310

Possibility and Existence 311

Matter 312

Monads 313

The Pre-established Harmony 314

JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU 317

The Social Contract (abridged) 321

IMMANUEL KANT 365

Critique of Pure Reason (abridged) 370

Supplementary Passages 470

The Good Will and the Categorical Imperative 470

The Postulates of Practical Reason 476

Taste and the Aesthetic Judgment 483

JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE 487

The Vocation of Man，BOOK Ⅲ 490

GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL 533

Introduction to the Philosophy of History 537

Logic (PART Ⅰ of the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences)，Chapter 7，A 609

Supplementary Passages 633

Philosophy and the Actual World 633

Dialectic 635

Spirit 636

Art 639

Religion 642

ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER 645

The World as Will and Idea (abridged) 648

AUGUSTE COMTE 729

A General View of Positivism，CHAPTERS Ⅰ and Ⅵ (abridged) 732

ERNST MACH 765

The Analysis of Sensations and the Relation of the Physical to the Psychical，CHAPTERS Ⅰ and ⅩⅤ 768

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE 801

Beyond Good and Evil (abridged) 805

Supplementary Passages 852

The Will to Power 852

Eternal Recurrence 854

The Superman 856

Good and Evil 858

Christianity 863

Conscience 865

Art 869