Allergy In Pediatric PracticePDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 15

Historical Background 15

The Concept of Allergy 16

Allergy as an Antigen-Antibody Reaction 19

Terminology 20

Chapter 2 IMMUNOLOGY OF ALLERGIC DISEASES 23

Anaphylaxis 23

Atopic Sensitization 27

Contact Dermatitis 28

Delayed Bacterial Hypersensitivity 29

Classification of Allergic Reactions 30

Chapter 3 NONIMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS AFFECTING ALLERGIC REACTIONS 32

Chemical Factors 32

Hormones 33

The Autonomic Nervous System 35

Effect of Physiologic Activity of the Shock Organ 37

Effect of Nonspecific Irritants on the Shock Organ 37

Influence of Emotionah Factors 37

Chapter 4 DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGY 41

Antihistamine Drugs 41

Preparations 44

Adrenergic Drugs 45

Epinephrine 45

Ephedrine 46

Isopropylarterenol 47

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride(Neo-Synephrine)and Naphazoline Hydrochloride(Privine) 47

Cortisone and Related Compounds 48

Chapter 5 ANAPHYLAXIS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE 51

Etiology 51

Anaphylactic Shock 52

Physiology 52

Symptoms 52

Diagnosis 53

Treatment 53

Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings and Bites 53

Etiology 54

Symptoms 54

Treatment 54

Prognosis 55

Biting Insects 55

Sensitization to Parasitic Worms 56

Etiology 56

Diagnostic Skin and Serologic Tests 56

Allergic Manifestations 56

Loeffler＇s Syndrome 57

Etiology 57

Symptoms 58

Diagnosis 60

Treatment 60

Chapter 6 SERUM SICKNESS AND SERUM REACTIONS 61

Serum Sickness 61

Etiology 61

Immunologic Mechanism 62

Symptoms 62

Pathology 64

Diagnosis 64

Treatment 64

Prognosis 65

Immediate Reactions to Heterologous Serum 65

Immunology 65

Diagnosis of Serum Sensitization 66

Administration of Antiserum to Sensitive Children 66

Symptoms and Treatment of Immediate Shock Reactions 68

Accelerated Serum Reactions 68

Symptoms 69

Prevention and Treatment 69

Arthus Reactions to Antisera 69

Clinical Features 69

Prevention and Treatment 70

Use of Toxoids 70

Chapter 7 THE ATOPIC DISEASES 72

Clinical Association of Diseases of the Group 72

Heredity 73

Effect of Exposure to Allergens 75

Natural History of Atopic Disease 77

The Immediate Urticarial Skin Reaction 78

Skin-Sensitizing Antibodies 80

Immunologic Effects of Injections of Antigen 81

Physiology of Atopic Reactions 83

The Constitutional Reaction 84

Etiology 85

Symptoms 85

Treatment 86

Chapter 8 ALLERGENS CAUSING ATOPIC DISEASES 88

Inhalant Allergens 88

Pollen Allergens 95

Food Allergens 101

Antigenic Solutions for Testing and Treatment 107

Chapter 9 DIAGNOSIS OF THE SPECIFIC CAUSATIVE ALLERGENS 111

Clinical History 112

Skin Tests 114

The Scratch Test 116

The Intracutaneous Test 117

Nonallergic Factors Affecting Skin Tests 119

Intracutaneous Tests With Bacterial Antigens 119

Passive Transfer Tests 120

Significance of Skin Tests 124

Mucosa Tests 126

Correlation of Skin Reactions and History 127

Dietary Trials 129

Environmental Tests 130

General Principles 131

Chapter 10 INJECTION TREATMENT 133

General Principles 133

Indication for Injection Treatment 134

Results 134

Technique and Necessary Precautions 135

Dosage 135

Maintenance Treatment 138

Constitutional Reactions 139

Mixture of Antigens 141

Desensitization With Food Antigens 143

Injection Treatment With Bacterial Antigens 143

Chapter 11 ALLERGIC RHINITIS 146

Terminology 146

Incidence 146

Etiology 147

Pathology and Physiology 147

Symptoms and Diagnosis 148

Treatment 154

Prognosis and Complications 157

Relation of Allergic Rhinitis to Upper Respiratory Infection 158

Chapter 12 BRONCHIAL ASTHMA 161

Pathology 161

Physiology 162

Symptoms 165

Differential Diagnosis 166

Etiologic Diagnosis 168

Symptomatic Treatment 173

Useful Drugs 173

Home Treatment 176

Treatment Administered by Physician 177

Hospital Treatment 177

Specific Treatment 178

Treatment of Infection 180

Emotional Factors 182

General Measures 183

Prognosis and Complications 186

Chapter 13 ATOPIC DERMATITIS-INFANTILE ECZEMA 190

Etiology 190

Symptoms and Pathology 194

Differential Diagnosis 196

Etiologic Diagnosis 197

Specific Treatment 201

Symptomatic Treatment 203

Prognosis and Complications 206

Chapter 14 URTICARIA AND ANGIOEDEMA 208

Urticaria 208

Etiology 208

Physiology and Pathology 210

Symptoms 210

Diagnosis 211

Treatment 212

Prognosis 213

Angioedema(Giant Urticaria) 214

Symptoms 214

Diagnosis 214

Treatment 214

Chapter 15 GASTROINTESTINAL ALLERGY 215

Etiology 215

Physiology 215

Symptoms 216

Diagnosis 217

Treatment 218

Chapter 16 ALLERGY OF THE EYE 219

Allergic Conjunctivitis 219

Atopic Conjunctivitis 219

Dermato-conjunctivitis 220

Conjunctivitis Due to Bacterial Allergy 220

Vernal Conjunctivitis 221

Etiology 221

Symptoms 221

Etiologic Diagnosis 222

Treatment 222

Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis 223

Other Allergic Diseases of the Eye 223

Uveitis 223

Sympathetic Ophthalmia 224

Endophthalmitis Phacoanaphylactica 224

Cataract Associated With Atopic Dermatitis 224

Chapter 17 ALLERGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 225

Headache-Migraine 226

Epilepsy 228

Behavior Disorders 229

Chapter 18 CONTACT DERMATITIS 231

Terminology 231

Etiology 232

Immunology and Pathology 234

Diagnosis 235

Prophylaxis and Treatment 237

Prognosis and Complications 240

Chapter 19 DELAYED ALLERGY TO INFECTIVE AGENTS 242

Types of Allergic Reactions to Infection 242

Organisms Inducing Delayed Allergy 243

Nature of the Delayed Reactions 244

Effect of Bacterial Allergy on Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases 244

Relation of Bacterial Allergy to Immunity 244

Desensitization 245

Diagnostic Skin Tests Dependent on Delayed Allergy 245

Chapter 20 ALLERGIC PURPURA 248

Nature of Purpura 248

Types of Purpura 249

Anaphylactoid Purpura 249

Etiology 249

Symptoms 250

Diagnosis 250

Treatment 251

Prognosis 251

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 251

Purpura Due to Drugs 252

Chapter 21 DRUG ALLERGY 253

Special Features of Drug Allergy 253

Urticaria and Angioedema 254

Reactions Resembling Serum Sickness 255

Anaphylactic Reactions 255

General Atopic Reactions 256

Drug Fever 256

Drug Rashes 257

Hepatitis 258

Blood Dyscrasias 259

Specificity and Duration of Drug Allergy 260

Desensitization 260

Suppression of Drug Allergy by Other Medications 260

Chapter 22 PHYSICAL ALLERGY 262

Cold Urticaria 264

Heat Urticaria 265

Allergy to Light 266

Urticaria Due to Mechanical Irritation 266

Chapter 23 ALLERGY IN RELATION TO COLLAGEN DISEASES 268

Rheumatic Fever 269

Etiologic Factors 269

Clinical Evidence of an Allergic Factor 270

Pathologic Evidence 270

Rheumatoid Arthritis 271

Periarteritis Nodosa 271

Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus 272

Scleroderma and Dermatomyositis 273

Chapter 24 GENERAL PEDIATRIC CARE OF THE ALLERGIC CHILD 274

Characteristics of the Allergic Child 274

General Principles 274

Diet 275

Diet of Mother During Pregnancy 277

Furnishings 277

Pets 278

Exercise 278

Respiratory Infections 279

Emotional Problems 279

Immunizations 279

APPENDIX 281

Measures for the Control of House Dust 281

Lists of Allergen Extracts for Testing 283

Inhalants 283

Molds 284

Foods 284

Miscellaneous 285

Pollens 285

Other Methods of Standardization 285

Group Antigens 285

Dilution of Extracts 286

Preparation of Dust Extract 286

Sterilization by Filtration 287

Sterility Tests 288