ESSENTIALS OF COMPARATIVE POLITICSPDF电子书下载

1 INTRODUCTION 1

What Is Comparative Politics？ 3

The Comparative Method 3

Quantitative versus Qualitative Research 6

Debates in Comparative Politics 7

A Guiding Approach：Political Institutions 14

A Guiding Idea：Reconciling Freedom and Equality 16

In Sum：Looking Ahead 18

2 STATES 20

Defining the State 20

The Origins of Political Organization 25

The Rise of the Modern State 28

Comparing State Power 33

Legitimacy 34

Centralization or Decentralization 37

In Sum：Studying States 41

3 NATIONS AND SOCIETY 44

Ethnic Identity 45

National Identity 47

Citizenship and Patriotism 49

Ethnic Identity，National Identity，and Citizenship：Origins and Persistence 51

Sources of Ethnic and National Conflict 53

Political Attitudes and Political Ideology 56

Political Attitudes 57

Political Ideology 61

Fundamentalism and the Crisis of Ideology 65

Political Culture 70

In Sum：Society and Politics 74

4 POLITICAL ECONOMY 77

The Components of Political Economy 78

Markets and Property 78

Public Goods 80

Social Expenditures：Who Benefits？ 81

Taxation 82

Money，Inflation，and Unemployment 82

Regulation 86

Trade 87

Political-Economic Systems 89

Liberalism 90

Social Democracy 91

Communism 95

Mercantilism 97

Political-Economic Systems and the State：Comparing Outcomes 100

Gross Domestic Product（GDP） 100

GiniIndex 102

Human Development Index（HDI） 104

The Future of Political Economy 106

In Sum：The End of Economic History？ 108

5 AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM 110

Defining Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism 110

Sources of Nondemocratic Rule 113

Economic Sources of Nondemocratic Rule 113

Societal Sources of Nondemocratic Rule 115

Nondemocratic Regimes and Political Control 118

Coercion and Surveillance 118

Co-optation 120

Personality Cults 122

Nondemocratic Regimes and Legitimacy 123

Types of Nondemocratic Rule 124

Personal and Monarchical Rule 124

Military Rule 125

One-Party Rule 127

Theocracy 128

Illiberal Regimes 130

In Sum：Nondemocratic Regimes in Retreat？ 131

6 DEMOCRACY 134

What Is Democracy？ 135

The Origins of Liberal Democracy and the Rule of Law 136

Athenian Democracy and Roman Republicanism 137

England：The Birthplace o f Liberal Democracy 137

Institutionalizing Democracy 140

Participation：Voting and Elections 140

Electoral Systems 142

Referendum and Initiative 147

Competition：Political Parties and the Separation of Powers 149

Political Parties 149

The Separation of Powers 150

Liberty：Civil Rights，Civil Liberties，and Civil Society 156

In Sum：Future Challenges to Democracy 158

7 ADVANCED DEMOCRACIES 161

Defining Advanced Democracy 162

Freedom and Equality in Advanced Democracies 166

Advanced Democracies Today 169

States and Sovereignty：Challenges and Opportunities 170

The European Union：Integration，Expansion，and Resistance 170

Devolution and Democracy 177

Social Change and Conflict 178

Postmodern Values and Organization 179

Diversity，Identity，and the Challenge to Postmodern Values 180

Economic Change 183

Postindustrialism 183

Maintaining the Welfare State 185

In Sum：The Advanced Democracies in Transition 187

8 COMMUNISM AND POSTCOMMUNISM 189

Communism，Equality，and the Nature of Human Relations 190

Revolution and the “Triumph” of Communism 192

Putting Communism into Practice 194

Communist Political Economy 198

Societal Institutions under Communism 200

The Collapse of Communism 201

Political Institutions in Transition 205

Reorganizing the State and Constructing a Democratic Regime 205

Evaluating Political Transitions 207

Economic Institutions in Transition 210

Privatization and Marketization 210

Evaluating Economic Transitions 212

Societal Institutions in Transition 214

Re-creating Identities 214

Evaluating Societal Transitions 215

In Sum：The Legacy of Communism 216

9 LESS-DEVELOPED AND NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES 219

Freedom and Equality in the Newly Industrializing and Less-Developed Countries 220

Imperialism and Colonialism 222

Institutions of Imperialism 225

Exporting the State 225

Social Identities 226

Dependent Development 228

The Challenges of Postimperialism 230

Building State Capacity and Autonomy 230

Forging Social Identities 234

Generating Economic Growth 238

Prospects for Democracy and Development 242

Rebuilding State Power 243

Supporting Civil Society 244

Promoting Economic Prosperity 245

In Sum：The Challenges of Development 247

10 GLOBALIZATION 250

What Is Globalization？ 251

Institutions and Globalization 253

Political Globalization 255

Economic Globalization 258

Societal Globalization 263

Globalization：Myths and Realities 267

Is Globalization New？ 267

Is Globalization Exaggerated？ 270

Is Globalization Inevitable？ 273

In Sum：Freedom and Equality in a Globalized World 275

11 POLITICAL VIOLENCE 277

What Is Political Violence？ 278

Why Political Violence？ 279

Institutional Explanations 280

Ideational Explanations 280

Individual Explanations 281

Forms of Political Violence 282

Revolution 283

Terrorism 289

Terrorism and Revolution：Means and Ends 296

Political Violence in Context：Faith，Terrorism，and Revolution 297

Countering Political Violence 302

In Sum：Meeting the Challenge of Political Violence 306

GLOSSARY 309

INDEX 317