The Biologic Fundamentals Of Radiation Therapy A TextbookPDF电子书下载

INTRODUCTION 1

1．Nature and Problems of Experimental Radiation Therapy 1

2．Physical Considerations 2

3．Biological Considerations 4

4．Action of radiation upon the Cell 5

FIRST PART THE ACTION OF ROENTGEN RAYS AND γ RADIATION OF RADIUM 11

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 13

Ⅰ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE SKIN 13

1．The Reversible Reactions on the Skin 17

2．The Irreversible Reactions on the Skin 21

3．Chemical Changes in the Skin 25

4．Therapeutic Application 28

Ⅱ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE SKIN APPENDAGES 30

1．The Hair 30

2．Sebacious and Sweat Glands 32

3．Nails 33

Ⅲ．EFFECTS UPON THE BASIC TISSUES 34

1．Epithelium 34

2．Glandular Tissue 34

3．Connective Tissue 34

4．Cartilage and Bone 35

5．Muscle Tissue 37

6．Nerve Tissue 38

Ⅳ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE BRAIN AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 39

Ⅴ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE EYE AND EAR 41

Ⅵ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT 43

1．Larynx and Trachea 43

2．Lung 43

3．Pleura 45

Ⅶ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE ORAL CAVITY 46

1．The Salivary Glands 46

2．The Tongue and Oral Mucous Membrane 46

3．The Teeth 46

4．The Tonsils 46

Ⅷ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE STOMACH AND INTESTINAL TRACT 48

1．The Stomach 48

2．The Intestine 48

3．The Liver 49

Ⅸ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE URINARY SYSTEM 51

1．The Kidneys 51

2．The Bladder 51

Ⅹ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS 52

Introductory Remarks 52

1．The Thyroid 52

2．The Pituitary 55

3．The Suprarenals 56

4．The Pancreas 57

5．The Thymus 57

Ⅺ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE GENERATIVE ORGANS 59

A．Effects on the Testes 59

1．The Reversible Reactions 60

2．The Irreversible Reactions 62

B．Effects upon the Ovary 63

1．The Reversible Reactions 63

2．The Irreversible Reactions 64

Ⅻ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY AND ON THE FETUS 66

ⅩⅢ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE PROGENY 68

1．Genetic Results 71

2．Radiobiological Results 72

ⅩⅣ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE BLOOD 75

1．The Effects upon the Hematopoietic Centers 75

2．The Effects upon the Formed Elements of the Blood 76

3．The Effects upon the Blood Chemistry 80

ⅩⅤ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE BLOOD VESSELS AND THE CIRCULATION 87

ⅩⅥ．THE EFFECTS UPON METABOLISM 90

ⅩⅦ．THE EFFECTS UPON INFLAMMATION 92

ⅩⅧ．THE EFFECTS UPON INFECTIOUS NEWGROWTHS (GRANULOMATA) 95

ⅩⅨ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE HYPERPLASTIC SYSTEMIC DISEASES 101

ⅩⅩ．THE EFFECTS UPON CLINICALLY BENIGN NEOPLASMS 104

ⅩⅪ．THE EFFECTS UPON MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS 108

A．General Section 108

B．Special Section 113

1．Carcinoma 113

2．Sarcoma 124

ⅩⅫ．THE EFFECTS OF ULTRA-SOFT ROENTGEN RAYS，ALSO KNOWN AS＂GRENZ RAYS＂ 126

1．Effects upon the Skin 126

2．Epilating Effects 129

3．General Effects 130

4．Therapeutic Application 130

SECOND PART THE CORPUSCULAR RAYS 133

ⅩⅩⅢ．THE EFFECTS OF CATHODE RAYS 135

ⅩⅩⅣ．THE ACTION OF THE CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OF RADIOACTIVE BODIES 138

A．Introductory Physical Notes 138

B．Introductory Biological Notes 140

C．The Therapeutic Application of Radioactive Substances 140

1．Effects of Injected Radioactive Bodies 140

2．Low Intensity Radium Therapy 143

APPENDIX：Neutrons 148

THIRD PART ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT 151

INTRODUCTION 154

A．DIRECT EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT 154

ⅩⅩⅤ．SUNBURN OR PHOTOERYTHEMA 154

1．The Signs of Photoerythema 155

2．The Histological Changes in the Skin 157

3．Etiology of Photoerythema 157

ⅩⅩⅥ．PHOTOPIGMENTATION 164

1．Characteristics 164

2．Histology 164

3．Etiology 165

4．Factors Influencing Pigmentation 167

5．Physiological Function of Photopigmentation 167

ⅩⅩⅦ．PHOTOADAPTION 170

ⅩⅩⅧ．OTHER SKIN CHANGES 172

ⅩⅩⅨ．THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION 176

ⅩⅩⅩ．THE ANTIRACHITIC EFFECT 178

1．Vitamin D Formation 178

2．The Effect of Ultraviolet Light Upon the Body in Vitamin D Formation 185

3．Erythema Reaction and Antirachitic Effect 186

4．The Significance of Climatic Conditions in the Etiology and Cure of Rickets 187

5．Radiation Treatment of Rickets 191

ⅩⅩⅪ．THE PHOTOSENSITIVITY OF THE SKIN 192

1．The Estimation of Photosensitivity (Photobiologic Constitutional Research) 192

2．The Regional and Individual Differences in Photosensitivity 195

3．The Changes in Photosensitivity 199

4．Photosensitivity in Dsease 200

5．The Effect of Various Exogenous and Endogenous Factors upon Photosensitivity 201

ⅩⅩⅫ．OTHER DIRECTEFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT 205

1．The Hemolytic Action of Ultraviolet Radiation 205

2．The Action of Ultraviolet light on the Nerves 205

3．The Effects upon the Muscles 206

4．The Action upon the Eye 206

5．The Effect of Irradiation upon Enzymes in Vitro 207

6．The Action upon Bacterial and Animal Toxins 207

B．THE INDIRECT EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT 208

Introduction 208

ⅩⅩⅩⅢ．THE EFFECTS UPON METABOLISM 208

ⅩⅩⅩⅣ．THE EFFECTS UPON RESPIRATION 213

ⅩⅩⅩⅤ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE CIRCULATION 214

1．Change in Blood Pressure 214

2．Change in the Minute Volume 214

ⅩⅩⅩⅥ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE BLOOD 216

1．Changes in the Blood Picture 216

2．Antibody Formation 216

ⅩⅩⅩⅦ．THE EFFECTS UPON THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS 218

1．The Phyroid 218

2．The Parathyroid 219

3．The Pancreas 219

4．The Ovaries 219

ⅩⅩⅩⅧ．OTHER INDIRECT EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT 220

1．Effects upon the Mammary Glands 220

2．Effects upon the Offspring 220

3．Effects upon the Stomach 221

4．Effects upon the Respiratory Tract 222

5．Effects upon the Kidneys 223

6．Effects upon the Psyche 223

7．Effects upon the Body Temperature 223

ⅩⅩⅩⅨ．THE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT THERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS 224

1．Surgical Tuberculosis 224

2．Skin Tuberculosis 226

3．Pulmonary Tuberculosis 228

4．Peritoneal Tuberculosis 231

5．Laryngeal Tuberculosis 231

ⅩL．ULTRAVIOLET RAYS AND DRUGS 232

FOURTH PART FURTHER EFFECTS OF LIGHT 235

ⅩLⅠ．THE ACTION OF VISIBLE LIGHT 237

A．Red-orange Group 238

B．Blue-violet Group 239

C．Yellow-green Group 240

ⅩLⅡ．INFRA-RED RAYS 242

1．Effects upon the Skin 242

2．Effects upon the Eye 243

3．Effects upon Vitamin D Formation 243

4．Metabolic Effects 244

5．Effects upon Bacteria 244

ⅩLⅢ．INTENSIFICATION OF THE ACTION OF LIGHT (SENSITIZATION) 245

A．Photodynamic Substances and their Mode of Action 245

B．Metallic Compounds and their Mode of Action 246

C．The Clinical Importance of Sensitization 247

ⅩLⅣ．ARTIFICIAL REDUCTION OF THE EFFECT OF LIGHT (DESENSITIZATION) 249

ⅩLⅤ．DISEASES CAUSED BY LIGHT 251

A．The Role of Light in the Etiology of Disease 251

B．The Photosensitizing Action of Porphyrins 251

C． Skin-Syndromes Caused by Photosensitization 254

D．Diseases Aggravated by Light 258

FIFTH PART GENERAL RADIATION BIOLOGY AND THERAPY 259

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 261

ⅩLⅥ．THEORY OF THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION 262

1．The＂Point Heat| Theory 263

2．The Photochemical Theory 263

3．The Rearrangement of Colloid Charges 264

4．The＂Quantum Hit＂Theory 268

5．Antagonistic Radiation Effect 269

ⅩLⅦ．RADIOSENSITIVITY 272

ⅩLⅧ．THE TIME FACTOR 275

1．The Pfahler-Kingery Saturation Method 276

2．The Protracted-Fractionated Irradiation Method of Coutard 277

3．The Frankfort Irradiation Method 279

4．Effects of Protracted and Fractionated Irradiation 281

ⅩLⅨ．GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE APPLICATION AND DOSAGE OF RADIATION IN THERAPY 285

L．RADIATION INJURIES AND THEIR PREVENTION 290

BIBLIOGRAPHY 295

AUTHOR INDEX 343

SUBJECT INDEX 356