An Outline of The Treatment of Fractures Fourth EditionPDF电子书下载

AN OUTLINE OF THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES Foreword 1

FRACTURE APHORISMS 2

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FRACTURE TREATMENT 2

The Fracture Lesion 2

Healing of Fractures 4

First Aid 6

Examination and Diagnosis 8

Treatment 10

Fractures without Displacement 10

Fractures with Displacement 10

Open Fractures 12

Manual Traction and Traction-Suspension 14

ORGANIZATION OF FRACTURE SERVICE IN HOSPITALS 17

Minimum Standard for Treatment of Fractures in Hospitals 17

MEASURING AND RECORDING JOINT FUNCTION 18

General Principles 18

Spine 18

Neck 18

Shoulder 18

Elbow 22

Wrist 22

Fingers 23

Thumb 25

Hip 25

Knee 26

Ankle 26

Foot 27

GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR X-RAY EXAMINATION OF FRACTURES 28

Hand 28

Wrist 28

Forearm 28

Elbow 28

Humeral Shaft 28

Shoulder Girdle 28

Acromioclavicular Joint 29

Chest for Ribs 29

Skull 32

Facial Bones 32

Lower Jaw 34

Cervical Spine 34

Dorsal Spine 34

Lumbar Spine and Sacroiliac Joints 34

Pelvis and Hips 34

Femoral Neck 37

Femur 37

Knee 37

Leg 37

Ankle 37

Foot 37

Os Calcis 37

FRACTURES OR BONES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY 38

Clavicle 38

Humerus 40

Anatomical Neck of Humerus 40

Tuberosities 40

Greater Tuberosity 40

Lesser Tuberosity 42

Both Tuberosities 42

Surgical Neck of Humerus 42

Shaft of Humerus 43

Lower End of Humerus 45

Treatment 46

Supracondylar Fractures 46

Condylar—Single 47

Inner Condyle 47

T-Fractures 47

Epiphyseal Separations 47

Ulna 48

Olecranon 48

Shaft of Ulna 49

Radius 49

Head and Neck of Radius 49

Cases Requiring Operative Treatment 50

Shaft of Radius 50

Colles＇Fracture 50

Shafts of Radius and Ulna 52

Carpus 52

Navicular(Scaphoid) 53

Lunate(Semilunar) 53

Metacarpus 54

Metacarpal Neck 54

Metacarpal Shafts 54

First Metacarpal 54

Phalanges of Hand 55

FRACTURES OF BONES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY 56

Femur 56

Neck of Femur 56

Intertrochanteric Fractures 58

Subtrochanteric Fractures 58

Shaft of Femur 59

Lower End of Femur 63

Patella 63

Tibia and Fibula 65

Upper End of Tibia 65

Shaft of Tibia and Fibula 66

Ankle 67

Tarsus 72

Astragalus 72

Os Calcis 72

Tarsal Scaphoid(Navicular) 73

Metatarsus 73

Phalanges of Foot 73

FRACTURES OF THE SPINE 75

Fractures of the Dorsal and Lumbar Spine 75

The Application of the Plaster Jacket 77

Fracture Dislocations of the Dorsolumbar Spine 77

Fracture Dislocations of the Dorsolumbar Spine with Cord Injury 77

Fractures of the Cervical Spine 78

Fracture Dislocation with Cord Injury 78

Complications of Fractures or Fracture Dislocations of the Spine 78

Skull 79

Pelvis 79

Ribs 80

REHABILITATION 81

BIBLIOGRAPHY 83