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袖珍检验诊断手册  第3版
袖珍检验诊断手册  第3版

袖珍检验诊断手册 第3版PDF电子书下载

医药卫生

  • 电子书积分:13 积分如何计算积分?
  • 作 者:熊立凡主编
  • 出 版 社:上海:上海科学技术出版社
  • 出版年份:2007
  • ISBN:9787532388721
  • 页数:389 页
图书介绍:本书包罗了目前临床上正在使用的检验项目。
《袖珍检验诊断手册 第3版》目录

第一章 临床检验基础 1

第一节 血液一般检验 1

红细胞计数(red blood cell count,RBC) 1

血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB或Hb)  1

血细胞比容(packed cell volume,hematocrit,PCV或HCT)  2

网织红细胞计数(reticulocyte count,RET或Retic)  2

网织红细胞血红蛋白量(reticulocyte hemoglobin content,CHr)  3

红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation ratio,ESR)  3

嗜碱性点彩红细胞计数(basophilic stippling cell count)  4

白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)  4

白细胞分类计数(white cell differential count,DC)  4

网织血小板计数(reticulated platelet count,RPLT)  6

全血细胞计数(complete blood cell count,CBC)  6

第二节 尿液一般检查 8

尿量(urine volume)  8

尿色(urine color)  9

尿透明度(urine transparency)  9

尿臭味(urine odor)  10

尿pH(urine pH) 10

尿比重(urine specific gravity)  10

尿三杯试验(urinary three cups test) 11

尿渗量和血浆渗量(urine osmality and plasma osmality)  11

尿折射率(urine refractive index) 12

尿蛋白(urine protein)  12

尿本周蛋白(Bence Jones protein,BJP)  12

尿蛋白电泳(urine protein electrophoresis)  12

尿β2微球蛋白(urine β2-microglobulin assay,β2-mG)  13

尿隐血试验(urine occult blood test) 13

尿肌红蛋白试验(urine myoglobin test,Mb) 14

尿葡萄糖(urine glucose)  14

尿乳糖、果糖、戊糖和半乳糖(urine lactose,fructose,pentose,galactose)  14

尿酮体试验(urine ketone test) 15

尿含铁血黄素试验(urine hemosiderin test) 15

尿胆红素试验(urine bilirubin test) 15

尿胆原试验(urine urobilinogen test)  15

尿胆素试验(urine urobilih test) 16

尿白细胞酯酶试验(urine leukocyte esterase test)  16

尿亚硝酸盐试验(urine nitrite test)  16

尿乳糜试验(urine chylurina test) 16

尿黑色素试验(urine albinsm test) 16

尿氯化铁试验(urine ferric chloride test)  17

尿胱氨酸试验(urine cystine test) 17

尿卟啉及其前体试验(uroporphyrin and its porphyrinogens tests) 17

尿浓缩稀释试验(urine concentration test)  18

尿沉渣细胞学检验(examination of cells from urine sediment) 18

1小时尿细胞排泄率(urine cell exeretion rate per hour)  18

尿沉渣管型检验(examination of casts in urine sediment)  19

尿沉渣结晶体检验(examination of crystals in urine sediment)  19

尿妊娠试验(urine pregnancy test) 20

尿妊娠稀释试验(diluted urine pregnancy test)  20

尿液自动分析仪检验(examination of urine by automated urine dry chemistry analyzer)  20

尿液有形成分分析仪检验(examination of urine by automated urine formed elements analyzer) 21

第三节 粪便检验 22

粪色及性状(appearance of feces) 22

粪臭味(fecal odor)  23

粪黏液(fecal mucus) 23

粪隐血试验(fecal occult blood test,OB) 23

粪胆色素试验(fecal urobilin test) 24

粪脂肪试验(fecal lipid test) 24

脂肪吸收试验(lipid absorption test) 24

粪糜蛋白酶(fecal chymotrypsin assay) 24

粪胰蛋白酶(fecal trypsin assay) 25

粪便胎儿血红蛋白试验(fetal hemoglobin test in newborn or Apt-Downey test) 25

粪便pH(stool pH) 25

粪便亚甲蓝染色(stool methylene blue stain or fecal leukocyte stain) 25

粪便乳铁蛋白试验(fecal lactoferrin test)  25

粪便显微镜检验(microscopic examination of feces) 25

第四节 脑脊液检验 26

脑脊液压力(cerebrospinal fluid pressure) 26

脑脊液外观(appearance of cerebrospinal fluid) 26

脑脊液比重(specific gravity of cerebrospinal fluid)  27

脑脊液pH(pH in cerebrospinal fluid) 27

脑脊液蛋白(cerebrospinal fluid protein) 27

脑脊液蛋白电泳(cerebrospinal fluid protein electrophoresis)  28

脑脊液潘迪试验(spinal fluid Pandy test) 29

脑脊液乳酸(lactate in cerebrospinal fluid) 29

脑脊液胆红素(bilirubin in cerebrospinal fluid)  29

脑脊液细胞计数和分类(cell count and differential cell count of cerebrospinal fluid) 29

脑脊液新隐球菌检验(recovery of cryptococcus from cerebrospinal fluid)  30

脑脊液梅毒检验(recovery of treponema pallidum from cerebrospinal fluid)  30

第五节 胃与十二指肠液检验 31

胃液量(grastric juice volume) 31

基础胃酸排泌量(basal acid output,BAO) 31

最大胃酸排泌量(maximal acid output,MAO)  31

高峰胃酸排泌量(peak acid output,PAO)  31

BAO/MAO比值(BAO/MAO ratio)  32

胃液pH(grastric juice pH)  32

胃液尿素(urea in grastric juice)  32

胰岛素胃酸分泌(grastric acid excretion by insulin stimulation)试验  32

胃液显微镜检验(microscopic examination of grastric juice)  33

胃液隐血试验(gastric occult blood test) 33

胃液胆汁检查(examination of gastric bile)  33

胃液乳酸检查(examination of gastric lactate)  34

十二指肠引流液促胰酶素-促胰液素试验(pancreozymin-secretin test) 34

十二指肠引流液显微镜检验(microscopic examination of duodenal fluiddrainage) 34

第六节 浆膜腔液与关节腔液检验 35

浆膜腔液外观(appearance of serous fluid)  35

浆膜腔液比重(specific gravity of serous fluid)  35

浆膜腔液蛋白(serous fluid protein)  35

浆膜腔液/血清乳酸脱氢酶比值(serous fluid/serum lactic dehydrogenase ratio)  36

胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)  36

胸腔积液葡萄糖(pleural fluid glucose)  36

腹水细胞计数(cell count and differential count in ascites)  36

关节腔液外观(appearance of synovial fluid)  37

关节腔液纤维蛋白凝固试验(tests for synovial clotting)  37

关节腔液黏稠性或黏蛋白凝块形成试验(synovial fluid viscosity or mucin clot test)  37

关节腔液细胞计数和分类(cell count and differential count of synovial fluid)  37

关节腔液类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor in synovial fluid)  38

关节腔液结晶(crystals in synovial fluid) 38

关节腔液Reiter细胞(Reiter cells in synovial fluid)  38

关节腔液类风湿细胞(rheumatoid arthritis cell in synovial fluid,RA)  39

关节腔液狼疮细胞(lupus erythematosus cell in synovial fluid,LEC)  39

第七节 痰液检验 40

痰色(sputum color)  40

痰臭味(sputum odor)  41

痰白细胞检验(examination of leucocytes in sputum)  41

痰色素细胞(pigmented cell in sputum)  41

痰上皮细胞包涵体(epithelium inclusions in sputum)  41

痰石棉体检验(recovery of asbestos in sputum)  42

痰弹力纤维(elastic fibers in sputum)  42

痰库施曼螺旋体(Curschman's spirals)  42

痰夏科-莱登结晶体(Charchot-Leyden crystals in sputum)  42

第八节 精液与前列腺液检验 42

精液外观(appearance of seminal fluid)  42

精液量(seminal fluid volume)  43

精液凝固和液化检验(examination of seminal fluid clotting and liquefaction)  43

精液pH(pH in seminal fluid)  43

精子密度(sperm count)  43

精子活率和活力测定(percent of active sperm and sperm motility)  44

精子形态学(sperm morphology)  44

仓鼠卵-精子穿透试验(sperm penetration assay or hamster egg penetration test,SPA)  44

精子-宫颈黏液玻片穿透试验(sperm mucus penetration test)  45

精子-宫颈黏液反应(sperm cervicalmucus interaction assay,SCMI)  45

精子低渗肿胀试验(sperm hypo-osmotic swelling test,HOS)  45

精液果糖(fructose in semen)试验  45

精液酸性磷酸酶(sperm acid phosphotase)试验  46

精液显微镜检验(microscopic examination of sperm)  46

前列腺液显微镜检验(microscopic examination of prostatic fluid)  46

前列腺液理学其他检验(physical examination of prostatic fluid)  47

第九节 阴道分泌物与羊水检验 47

阴道清洁度(evaluation of vaginal clearness)  47

阴道分泌物寄生虫检查(parasitology examination of vaginal excretion)  47

阴道分泌物真菌检查(examination of fungus in vaginal excretion)  48

阴道菌群和线索细胞检查(examination of bacteria and clue cells)  48

阴道毛滴虫胶乳凝集快速试验(recovery of vaginal trichomonad with latex agglutination method)  48

羊水色泽(aminotic fluid color)检验  48

羊水脂肪细胞检验(examination of orange-stained cells in aminotic fluid)  49

羊水淀粉酶检验(amylase in aminotic fluid)  49

羊水卵磷脂与鞘磷脂比值(lecithin sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid,L/S)  49

羊水磷脂酰甘油(phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid,PG)检验   50

羊水泡沫试验(foam test from amniotic fluid)  50

羊水肌酐(amniotic fluid creatinine)检验 50

羊水胆红素(bilirubin in amniotic fluid)试验  50

羊水层状小体(amniotic fluid lamellar bodies)检验  50

羊水与尿鉴别试验(differential tests between amniotic fluid and urine)  51

羊水染色体(chromosome of amniotic fluid)检验  51

第二章 血液学检验 52

第一节 血液学一般检验 52

红细胞容量(red cell volume,RCV)  52

红细胞平均直径(mean corpuscular diameter,MCD)  52

红细胞平均指数(mean corpuscular index) 52

红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell volume distribution width,RDW) 53

红细胞形态检查(red blood cell morphology exa-mination) 54

白细胞形态检查(white blood cell morphology examination) 56

血小板计数(platelets count,PLT) 60

平均血小板体积(mean platelet volume,MPV) 60

血小板分布宽度(platelet distribution width,PDW) 61

第二节 红细胞特殊检验 61

红细胞寿命(red cell life span,RCLS)测定  61

血浆游离血红蛋白(plasma free hemoglobin,FHb)测定  61

血清结合珠蛋白(serum haptoglobin,HP)测定  61

红细胞渗透脆性试验(erythrocyte osmotic fragility test)  62

蔗糖溶血试验(sucrose hemolysis test) 63

酸溶血试验(Ham's test) 64

热溶血试验(heat haemolysis test)  64

冷热溶血试验(donath-landsteiner test,D-L test)  64

红细胞自身溶血试验(autohemolysis test,AHT)  64

酸化甘油溶血试验(acid glycerol hemolysis test,AGLT) 64

高铁血红蛋白还原试验(methemoglobin reduction test)  65

氰化物-抗坏血酸盐试验(ascorbate cyanide test)  65

红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(glocose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity,G6PD)活性测定  65

红细胞丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase,PK)活性测定 66

红细胞还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)及其稳定性试验  66

红细胞2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-diphosphatidylglyceric acid,2,3-DPG)含量测定  66

红细胞己糖激酶(hexokinase,HK)活性测定  67

红细胞葡萄糖磷酸异构酶(glucosephosphate isomerase,GPI)活性测定 67

红细胞磷酸果糖激酶(phosphofructokinase,PFK)活性测定  67

红细胞醛缩酶(aldolase,Ald)活性测定  67

红细胞丙糖磷酸异构酶(triose-phosphate isomerase,TPI)活性测定 67

红细胞磷酸甘油酸变位酶(phosphoglycerate mutase,PGM)活性测定 68

红细胞磷酸甘油酸激酶(phosphoglyceric kinase,PGK)活性测定  68

红细胞腺苷酸激酶(adenylate kinase,AK)活性测定 68

红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH·PX)活性测定  68

红细胞6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase,6-PGD)活性测定  68

红细胞三磷腺苷酶(adenosine triphosphatase,ATPase)活性测定  69

红细胞谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathion reductase,GSSGR)活性测定  69

红细胞烯醇化酶(enolase)活性测定  69

红细胞3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(3-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase,GA3PD)活性测定  69

红细胞乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LD或LDH)活性测定  69

红细胞NADH-黄递酶(NADH-diaphorase)活性测定  69

红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholine esterase,AchE)活性测定  70

红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸(glucose 6-phosphate,G6P)和6-磷酸果糖(fructose 6-phosphate,F6P)含量测定  70

红细胞果糖1,6-二磷酸(fructose 1,6-diphosphate,FDP)、二羟丙酮磷酸(dihydroxyacetone phosphate,DHAP)和甘油磷酸(glycerol-3-phosphoric acid,GA3P)含量测定  70

红细胞3-磷酸甘油酸(3-glycerophosphoric acid,3-PG)、α磷酸甘油酸(α-glycerophosphoric acid,α-PG)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(phosphoenolpyruvic acid,PEP)和丙酮酸(pyroracemic acid,PA)测定  71

红细胞三磷腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)含量测定  71

红细胞乳酸生成率(lactification)试验 71

红细胞电解质(electrolytes)含量测定  71

红细胞嘧啶-5′-核苷酸酶(pyrimidine-5′-nucleophosphatase)活性筛选试验  72

血红蛋白溶解度(hemoglubin dissolubility)试验 72

抗碱血红蛋白测定(alkali denaturation method) 72

热稳定(thermostabilization)试验 73

异丙醇试验(isopropanol test)  73

n丁醇(butanol)试验  73

血红蛋白电泳(hemoglobin electrophoresis) 73

冷溶血试验(cold hemolysis test) 74

冷凝集素(cold agglutinin)试验 74

抗人球蛋白试验(anti-human-globulin test,AHGT)  74

肽链裂解试验(hemoglubin peptide chain breaking test)  74

第三节 骨髓细胞培养 75

多向祖细胞集落形成细胞(multipotential progenitor cells colony-forming unit-mix,CFU-Mix)培养 75

粒细胞-单核细胞祖细胞集落形成细胞(granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cell colony-forming unit,CFUGM)培养  75

红系祖细胞集落形成细胞(erythrocyte-progenitor cell colony-forming unit,CFU-E)培养  75

T淋巴祖,细胞集落形成细胞(T-lymphocyte progenitor cell colony-forming unit,CFU-TL)培养 76

B淋巴祖细胞集落形成细胞(B-lymphocyte progenitor cell colony-forming unit,CFU-BL)培养  76

巨核祖细胞集落形成细胞(megakaryocyte progenitor cell colony-forming unit,CFU-M)培养  76

成纤维祖细胞集落形成细胞(fibroblast colony-forming unit,CFU-F)培养  77

白血病细胞集落形成细胞(leukemic cell colony-forming unit,L-CFU)培养  77

第四节 骨髓涂片检查 77

骨髓有核细胞计数(nucleated cell count in marrow smear) 77

骨髓巨核细胞计数(megakaryocytes count in marrow smear)  78

骨髓粒细胞与有核红细胞比例(granulocyte vs erythroblast ratio)  78

骨髓增生程度分级(marrow hyperplasia degree)  78

成人骨髓细胞分类计数(differential count in adult marrow smear) 79

骨髓涂片检查(marrow smear examination)  88

骨髓涂片细胞化学染色(cytochemical staining in marrow smear)  88

白血病细胞免疫标记(leukemia immunophenoty-ping on blood cells)检测 92

白血病残留病灶(minimal residual leukemia,MRL)检测  95

第五节 止血、血栓及血液流变学检验 96

出血时间(bleeding time,BT)测定  96

阿司匹林耐量试验(aspirin tolerance test,ATT)  96

毛细血管脆性试验(capillary fragility test)/束臂试验(tourniquet test)  97

甲床毛细血管镜检查(nail capillary microscopy)  97

血管性血友病因子相关抗原(von Willebrand factor antigen,vWF:Ag)测定  97

vWF交叉免疫电泳分析(vWF-cross immunoelectrophoresis,vWF-CIE)  98

vWF瑞斯托霉素辅因子(vWF-ristomycin cofactor,vWF:Rcof)测定  98

6酮-前列腺素F1α(6-ketone prostaglandin F1α,6-keto-PGF1α)测定  98

血栓调节蛋白(thrombomodulin,TM)测定  98

血小板寿命(platelet life span,PLS)测定  99

血小板黏附试验(platelet adherence test,PAdT)  99

血小板聚集试验(platelet aggregation test,PAgT)  99

血小板第3因子有效性测定(platelet factor 3 availability test,PF3a T)  100

血块收缩(clot retraction time,CRT)测定  100

血浆β血小板球蛋白(β-thromboglobulin,β-TG)测定  100

血浆血小板第4因子(platelet factor 4,PF4)测定 101

血小板ATP释放试验(platelet adenosine triphosphate releasing test) 101

血浆及血小板中5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)测定 101

血小板膜P选择素(P selectin expression on platelet membrane)测定 102

血浆P选择素(plasma P selectin)测定  102

血小板凝血酶致敏蛋白(thrombin sensitive protein,TSP)测定 102

血栓烷B2(thromboxane B2,TXB2)测定  103

血浆纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin,Fn)测定  103

前列腺素内过氧化物E2(prostaglandin endope-roxides E2,PGE2)测定  103

血小板膜糖蛋白(platelet membrane glucoprotein,PMG)测定  104

血小板相关抗体IgG、IgA、IgM(platelet-associated antibodies IgG、IgA、IgM,PAIgG、PAIgA、 PAIgM)测定 104

血小板相关补体(platelet associated complement,PAC3、PAC4)测定 104

抗血小板膜糖蛋白自身抗体(platelet membrane glucoprotein autoantibodies)测定 105

凝血时间(coagulant time,CT)测定  105

活化凝血时间(activated coagulant time,ACT)测定 106

血浆复钙时间(recalcification time,RT)测定  106

活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)测定  106

血浆凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)测定 106

凝血因子Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅺ和Ⅻ的凝血活性(factor Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅺ and Ⅻ coagulant activity,FⅧ:C、FⅨ:C、FⅪ:C、FⅫ:C)测定  107

凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ和Ⅹ的凝血活性(factor Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ and Ⅹ coagulant activity,FⅡ:C、FⅤ:C、FⅦ:C、FⅩ:C)测定  108

凝血因子ⅩⅢ活性(factor ⅩⅢ activity,FⅩⅢ:C)测定  109

凝血因子Ⅷ:C抗原(factor Ⅷ:C antigen,FⅧ:Ag)测定 109

凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ、Ⅻ抗原(factor Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ、Ⅻ antigen,FⅡ:Ag、FⅤ:Ag、FⅦ:Ag、FⅨ:Ag、FⅩ:Ag、FⅪ:Ag、FⅫ:Ag)测定  110

凝血因子ⅩⅢ亚基抗原(factor ⅩⅢ subunit antigen,FⅩⅢ:Ag)测定  110

纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fg) 111

凝血酶原片段1+2(prothrombin fragment 1+2,F1+2)测定 111

纤维蛋白肽A(fibinopeptide A,FPA)测定  111

可溶性纤维蛋白单体复合物(soluble fibrin monomer complex,SFMC)测定 112

血浆激肽释放酶原(plasma prekalikrein,PK)测定  112

抗凝血酶(antithrombin,AT)检测  112

凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(thrombin-antithrombin complex,TAT)检测  113

肝素辅因子Ⅱ(heparin cofactor Ⅱ,HC-Ⅱ)活性检测  113

蛋白C(protein C,PC)检测  114

蛋白S(protein S,PS)抗原检测 114

活化蛋白C抵抗(activated protein C resistant,APCR)试验  114

ProC Global试验(ProC Global test) 115

组织因子途径抑制物(tissue factor pathway inhibitor,TFPI)抗原检测  115

α2巨球蛋白(α2-macroglobulin,α2-MG)抗原检测  116

α1抗胰蛋白酶(α1-antitrypsin,α1-AT)抗原检测  116

Cī抑制剂(Cī-inhibitor,Cī-INH)抗原检测  116

复钙交叉试验(recalcification cross test,RCT)  117

凝血因子Ⅷ抑制物(factor Ⅷ inhibitor,FⅧI)检测 117

凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ、Ⅻ抑制物(factor Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ、Ⅻ inhibitor)检测 117

血清抗心磷脂抗体(anticardiolipin antibodies,ACLA)测定 118

狼疮抗凝物质(lupus anticoagulant,LAC)检测  118

游离肝素时间(free heparin time,FHT)检测 119

肝素浓度(heparin concentration,HC)检测  119

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue plasminogen activator,t-PA)检测  119

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(urokinase-type plasminogen activator,u-PA)检测  119

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂受体(urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor,u-PAR)抗原总量检测 120

纤溶酶原(plasminogen,PLG)检测  121

纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物(plasmin-anti plasmin complex,PAP)检测  121

凝血酶时间(thrombin time,TT)检测  121

纤维蛋白(原)降解产物(fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product,FDPs)检测 122

D二聚体(D-dimer,DD)检测  122

纤维蛋白(原)降解产物-D碎片检测(fibrinogen degradation product fragment D,FDP-D)检测 122

血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(plasminogrn activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)检测  123

α2纤溶酶抑制剂(α2-plasmin inhibitor,α2-PI)检测 123

纤维蛋白肽Bβ1~15及Bβ15~42(fibrinopeptide Bβ1~15 and 1~42,Bβ1~15、Bβ15~42)检测   123

全血黏度(blood viscosity,BV)检测  124

血浆黏度和血清黏度(plasma viscosity and serum viscosity,PV/SP)检测   124

红细胞沉降率方程K值(erythrocyte sendimation rate equation K value,ESR-K) 125

红细胞变形性(red cell deformability,RCD)检测   125

第六节 血型与配血 126

红细胞血型检验(blood type) 126

配血试验(blood compatibility test,BCT) 127

抗体特异性鉴定试验(antibody specificity identification) 128

抗体效价测定(antibody titration) 129

血小板血型(抗原型)检验(platelet group) 129

血小板凝集试验(pletelet agglutination test) 130

唾液ABH血型物质测定(ABH blood group substances in saliva) 130

群体反应抗体检测(panel reaction antibody,PRA) 130

HLA抗体检测(HLA antibody) 131

HLA血清学分型(HLA serology typing)  131

HLA基因分型(HLA genotyping) 131

第三章 临床病原学检查 133

第一节 细菌感染病的细菌培养检查 133

菌(败)血症的细菌培养(bacterial culture of bacteremia)  133

中枢神经系统感染的细菌培养(bacterial culture of infection in central nervous system)  133

痰液和支气管分泌物的细菌培养(bacterial culture of sputum and bronchial secretion) 134

喉及鼻咽标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of pharyngonosal specimens) 135

尿液标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of urine) 135

生殖道标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of genital tract specimens) 135

胃肠道标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of gastrointestinal tract specimens) 136

脓肿及创伤标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of abscess and wound specimens) 137

胆汁标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of bile) 138

穿刺液标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of body fluid)  138

眼部标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of eye specimens)  139

耳部标本的细菌培养(bacterial culture of ear specimens)  140

第二节 病毒感染的病原学检测 140

呼吸系统病毒感染的病原学检验(pathological detection of virus infection in respiratory system)  140

中枢神经系统病毒感染的病原学检验(pathological detection of virus infection in central nervous system) 141

病毒性肝炎病原学检验(pathological detection of viral hepatitis)  141

免疫功能低下者感染的病毒病原学检验(pathological detection of virus infection in human immunodeficiency) 142

第三节 真菌感染病原形态学检查与培养鉴定 143

浅部感染真菌的形态学检查与培养(morphological examination and culture of fungi for the cutaneus mycoses) 143

假丝酵母菌属真菌的形态学检查与培养鉴定(morphological examination and culture of Candidiasis) 144

隐球菌属真菌的形态学检查与培养鉴定(morphological examination and culture of Cryptococcus) 144

第四节 支原体、衣原体、立克次体感染的病原学检查 145

肺炎支原体分离与鉴定、核酸检测(isolation,identification and nucleic acid of Mycoplasma pneumonia)  145

冷凝集试验(cold agglutination test,CAT) 145

解脲脲原体分离与鉴定、核酸检测(isolation,identification and nucleic acid of Ureaoplasma urealytic) 146

沙眼衣原体直接显微镜检查、分离与鉴定、核酸检测(microscopic examination,isolation,identification and nucleic acid of Chlamydia trachomatis)  146

肺炎衣原体直接显微镜检查、分离与鉴定、核酸检测(microscopic examination,isolation,identification and nucleic acid of Chlamydia pneumonia)  147

第五节 微生物感染免疫学检测 147

抗链球菌溶血素“O”(detection of anti-streptolysin"O",ASO)测定  147

肥达反应(Widal's reaction) 147

结核分枝杆菌抗体测定(antibody detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis)  148

外-斐试验(Weil-Felix test) 148

严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)病毒抗体检测(virial antibody detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome) 149

柯萨奇病毒抗体测定(antibody detection of Coxsackie virus)  149

汉坦病毒抗体测定(antibody detection of Hantavirus) 149

流行性乙型脑炎病毒抗体测定(antibody detection of Japanese encephalitis virus)  150

人类轮状病毒抗体测定(antibody detection of rota virus)  150

麻疹病毒抗体测定(antibody detection of measles virus)  150

脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体测定(antibody detection of poliovirus)  151

EB病毒抗体(IgM、IgA)测定(antibody detection of EB virus) 151

TORCH病原抗体测定(antibody detection of TORCH agents) 152

甲型肝炎病毒血清标志物检测(antibody detection and of antigen for hepatitis A virus) 152

乙型肝炎病毒血清标志物检测(antibody detection and of antigen for hepatitis B virus)  153

丙型肝炎病毒标志物检测(antibody detection and of antigen for hepatitis C virus)  154

丁型肝炎病毒检测(antibody detection and of antigen for hepatitis D virus) 155

戊型肝炎病毒抗体检测(antibody detection and of antigen for hepatitis E virus) 156

曲霉菌病免疫扩散试验(immuunodiffusion of Aspergillosis)  156

芽生菌病血清学试验(serologic test of Blastomycosis) 156

球孢子菌病补体结合试验(completment fixation of Coccidioidomycosis) 157

隐球菌病血清学试验(serologic test of Cryptococcosis)  157

组织胞浆菌病血清学检测(serologic test of Histoplamosis)  158

孢子丝菌病胶乳凝集试验(latex agglutination of Sportrichosis) 158

第六节 寄生虫感染的病原学检查 158

一、涂片形态法 158

粪便直接涂片法检查(examination of direct wet mount in saline from stool)  158

粪便厚涂片法检查(examination of thick smear from stool) 159

血液涂片疟原虫检查(examination of blood films formalaria) 159

微丝蚴血液、体液和尿液涂片检查(examination of smear from blood,body fluid and urine for microfilaria)  160

阴道分泌物生理盐水直接涂片检查(examination of direct wet mount in saline from vaginal discharges)  160

活检组织切片或压片染色镜检(microscopic examination of stained smear and biopsy)  161

器官组织寄生虫检查(examination of smears from organs and tissues)  161

肛门拭擦法检查(examination of anal swabs)  161

二、培养法 162

粪便孵育幼虫法(fecal culture method for larvae) 162

三、免疫法 162

环卵沉淀试验(circumoval precipitin test,COPT) 162

日本血吸虫抗体测定(detection antibody of schistosoma japonica)  162

囊虫抗体测定(detection antibody of cysticercosis) 163

皮内试验(introcutaneous test) 163

间接血凝试验(indirect hemaggluitination assay,IHA) 163

间接荧光试验(indirect immunofluorescent assay,IFA) 164

对流免疫电泳试验(counterimmunelectrophoresis,CIE)  164

酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)  164

斑点ELISA(dot ELISA)  165

免疫印迹试验(immunoblot)  165

四、分子法  165

DNA探针寄生虫检查(nucleic acid probe assays for the detection of pathogenic parasite)  165

PCR技术寄生虫检查(PCR assays for the detection of pathogenic parasite)  165

第七节 性传播性疾病的检测 166

分泌物涂片淋病奈瑟菌显微镜检查(microscopic examination of Nersseria gonorrhoeae in smear)  166

淋病奈瑟菌分离培养与鉴定(isolation,culture and dentification of Nersseria gonorrhoeae)  166

淋病奈瑟菌产青霉素酶检测(detection of penicillinase in Nersseria gonorrhoeae) 166

沙眼衣原体抗原快速检测法(rapid detection of antigen in Chlamydia trachomatis) 167

梅毒螺旋体暗视野显微镜检查(microscopic examination of dark field for Treponema pallidum)  167

非特异梅毒螺旋体血清试验(detection of non Treponema pallidum antibody) 167

特异梅毒螺旋体血清试验(detection of Treponema pallidum antibody) 168

梅毒螺旋体IgM的检测(detection of antibody IgM)  168

生殖器疱疹细胞学检查、病毒分离培养、抗原检测试验(microscopic examination,isolation,culture,identification and antigen detection of Treponema pallidum) 168

尖锐湿疣镜检、HPV抗原检查(microscopic examination,and antigen detection of human papillomavirus) 169

人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体的初筛检测(screen test of HIV antibody) 169

艾滋病抗体蛋白印迹试验确证试验(confirmly diagnostic test of Western blot in AIDS)  170

杜克雷嗜血杆菌分离培养(isolation,culture and identification of Haemophilus ducreyi) 170

第八节 细菌耐药性检验 170

纸片扩散法(K-B法)体外药敏试验(antimicrobial susceptibility test with disk diffusion) 170

稀释法体外药敏试验(antimicrobial susceptibility test with dilution) 171

最低杀菌浓度测定(detection of minimum bactericidal concentration) 171

E试验MIC测定(detection of MIC with E test)  172

联合药敏试验(combining antimicrobial susceptibility test) 172

血清抗菌药物浓度测定(detection of serum antimicrobial level) 172

血清杀菌滴度测定(detection of serum bactericidal test) 173

直接β内酰胺酶试验(direct detection of β-lactamases) 173

超广谱β内酰胺酶检(detection of extended-spectrum,ESBLs)  174

头孢菌素酶(AmpC酶)初步筛选试验(screening test for AmpC β-lactamases)  174

头孢菌素酶(AmpC酶)双抑制剂平行抑制试验(double inhibitor parallel inhibit disk test for AmpC β-lactamases)  175

头孢菌素酶(AmpC酶)头孢西丁三相水解试验(cefoxitin 3-dimensional test for AmpC β-lactamases) 175

金属酶检测(detection of metallic β-lactamases)  176

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌检测(detection of methicillin-resistance in S.aureus and S.coagulase negative)  176

高度耐青霉素和氨苄西林肠球菌的检测(detection of high penicillin and ampicillin high resistancet in Enterococcus) 177

耐青霉素肺炎链球菌检测(detection of resistance penicillin in Streptococcus pneumoniae,PRSP)  177

耐万古霉素肠球菌的检测(detection of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus) 178

细菌的药物外排泵检测(detection of pump out of drug) 178

细菌耐药基因的检测(detection of drug resistant gene)  178

第四章 临床生化检验 180

第一节 糖及其代谢产物检验 180

半乳糖(galactose,GAL)  180

葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)  180

脑脊液葡萄糖(glucose in CSF,GLU)  181

糖化血红蛋白(glucosylated hemoglobin,GHb)和糖化血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c) 181

糖化血清蛋白(glucosylated serum protein,GP) 181

血清透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)  182

乳酸(lactate,LA)  182

口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)  182

丙酮酸(pyruvate,PA) 183

血清木糖(xylose) 183

第二节 氨基酸及其代谢产物检验 183

血氨(ammonia,NH3) 183

血浆氨基酸总量(total amino acids) 184

氨基酸氮(amino acid nitrogen,AAN) 184

肌酸(creatine,CA) 184

尿肌酐(creatinine,Cr)  185

尿胱氨酸(cystine,Cys)  185

羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,OH-Pro)  185

5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)  185

氮平衡试验(nitrogen balance test) 186

血一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxide,NO)  186

尿总氮(total nitrogen in urine)  186

血浆苯丙氨酸(phenylalaninein,Phe)  186

尿多胺(polyamine) 186

血浆酪氨酸(tyrosine,Tyr)  187

血清尿酸(uric acid,UA) 187

尿尿酸(uric acid,UA)  187

第三节 蛋白质检验 187

血清α1酸性糖蛋白(α1-acid glycoprotein,α1-AG)  187

血清白蛋白(albumin,Alb)  188

脑脊液白蛋白(albumin,Alb)  188

尿本周蛋白(Bence Jones protein,BJP) 188

骨钙素(bone gla protein) 188

糖缺失性转铁蛋白(carbohydrate-deficient transferrin,CDT)  189

血碳氧血红蛋白(carboxyhemoglobin,HbCO)  189

血清铜蓝蛋白(ceruloplasmin,Cp) 189

C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP) 189

血清铁蛋白(ferritin) 189

血浆纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)  189

血清触珠蛋白(haptoglobin,Hp) 190

血清血红素结合蛋白(hemopexin,Hpx) 190

血清α2巨球蛋白(α2-macroglobulin,α2-MG) 190

血清黏蛋白(mucoprotein)  190

血清前白蛋白(pre-albumin,PA)  191

血清白蛋白/球蛋白比值(ratio of albumin and globulin,A/G) 191

血清视黄醇结合蛋白(retinol binding protein,RBP) 191

血清P选择素(p-selection) 191

血清蛋白电泳(serum protein electrophoresis,SPE) 192

血清可溶性转铁蛋白受体(soluble transferring receptor,sTfR) 192

Tamm-Horsfall糖蛋白(Tamm-Horsfall protein,THP) 192

血清总蛋白(total protein,TP) 193

脑脊液总蛋白(total protein in CSF,TP in CSF)  193

血清转铁蛋白(transferrin,Tf) 194

血清维生素D结合蛋白(vitamin D binding protein,DBP)  194

第四节 临床酶学检验 194

β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(β-N-acetylglucosaminidase,β-NAG或β-NAH)  194

血清β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶同工酶(β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isoenzymes)  195

血清酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase,ACP)  195

血清腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA) 195

血清腺苷酸激酶(adenylate kinase,AK) 196

尿丙氨酸氨基肽酶(alanine aminopeptidase,AAP) 196

血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT,又称谷丙转氨酶) 196

血清醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH) 197

血清醛缩酶(aldolase,ALD) 197

血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP或AKP)  197

血清碱性磷酸酶同工酶(alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes)  198

血清骨型碱性磷酸酶(bone type of alkaline phosphatase,B-ALP) 198

血清α淀粉酶(α-amylase,AMY/AMS)  198

血清淀粉酶同工酶(α-amylase isoenzymes) 199

尿液α淀粉酶(α-amylase,AMY/AMS) 199

血清血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)  199

血清α1抗胰蛋白酶(α1-antitrypsin,α1-AT)  200

血清精氨酸酶(arginase,Arg) 200

血清精氨酰琥珀酸裂解酶(argininosuccinate lyase,ASAL) 200

芳香基酰胺酶(arylamidase,AAD) 201

芳基硫酸酯酶(arylsulphatase,ARS) 201

血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase in serum,AST,又称谷草转氨酶) 201

血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶同工酶(aspartate aminotransferase isoenzyme) 201

血清碳酸酐酶同工酶Ⅲ(carbonic anhydrase Ⅲ,CA Ⅲ)  202

血清过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT) 202

血清铜蓝蛋白氧化酶(ceruloplasmin,CP) 202

血清胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase,CHE) 202

血清糜蛋白酶(chymotrypsin,CT) 203

血清肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK) 203

血清肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzymes) 203

血清肌酸激酶-MM亚型(creatine kinase MM isoforms) 204

血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(α-L-fucosidase,AFU)  204

尿β半乳糖苷酶(galactase,GAL)  204

红细胞半乳糖-1-磷酸尿苷酰转移酶(galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase in erythrocyte)  204

血清葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(glucose-6-phosphatase,G6P)  204

血清葡萄糖酸-6-磷酸脱氢酶(glucono-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)  205

红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶同工酶(glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in erythrocyte)  205

血清葡萄糖磷酸异构酶(glucose phosphate isomerase in serum,GPI或PHI)  205

β葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(β-glucuronidase,β-GD)  205

血清谷氨酸脱氢酶(glutamate dehydrogenase,GDH) 206

血清γ谷氨酰转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,γ-GT或GGT)  206

血清γ谷氨酰转移酶同工酶(γ-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes)  206

血清谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR) 207

血清谷胱甘肽-S-芳香基转换酶(glutathione-S-transferase,GST)  207

血清糖原磷酸化酶BB(glycogen phosphorylase-BB,GP-BB)  207

血清甘氨酰脯氨酸二肽氨基肽酶(glycylproline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase,GPDA)  207

血清鸟嘌呤脱氨酶(guanine deaminase,GD)  208

血清α羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,HBD) 208

血清脯氨酸肽酶(iminodipeptidase or prolidase,PLD)  208

血清异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitrate dehydrogenase,ICD)  209

血清乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LD或LDH)  209

血清乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme) 209

血清卵磷脂-胆固醇酰基转移酶(lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT)  210

血清亮氨酸氨基肽酶(leucine aminopeptidase,LAP)  210

血清脂肪酶(lipase,LP)  210

溶菌酶(lysozyme,LYS)  211

血清苹果酸脱氢酶(melatedehydrogenase,MDH) 211

血清单胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase,MAO)  212

血清神经元特异性烯醇酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)  212

血清5′-核苷酸酶(5′-nuclectidase,5′-NT)  212

血清5′-核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(5′-nucleotide phosphodisterase,5′-NPD)  212

血清鸟氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶(ornithine carbamyltransferase,OCT) 213

血清胃蛋白酶(pepsin,PP或PG) 213

血清3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase,PGDH)  213

血清脯氨酸肽酶Ⅰ(prolidase Ⅰ,PLD)  214

血清脯氨酰羟化酶(prolyl hydroxlise,PH) 214

血清丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase,PK) 214

血清核糖核酸酶(ribonuclease,RNase)  214

血清唾液酸转移酶(salic acid transferase,ST)  215

血清山梨醇脱氢酶(sorbitol dehydrogenase,SDH) 215

血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD) 215

血清转酮醇酶(transketolase,TK)  215

血清胰蛋白酶(trypsin,TP)  215

血清黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase,XO) 216

第五节 脂类及其代谢产物检验 216

血清载脂蛋白AⅠ(apolipoprotein AⅠ,ApoA Ⅰ)  216

血清载脂蛋白AⅡ(apolipoprotein AⅡ,ApoA Ⅱ)  216

血清载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B,ApoB) 216

血清载脂蛋白CⅡ(apolipoprotein CⅡ,ApoC Ⅱ)  216

血清载脂蛋白CⅢ(apolipoprotein CⅢ,ApoC Ⅲ)  217

血清载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE) 217

肉碱(carnitine) 217

血清乳糜微粒(chylomicron,CM)  217

血清游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid,FFA)  217

血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)及其亚组分  218

β羟基丁酸(β-hydroxybutyric acid,HBA) 218

酮体(ketone) 218

血清过氧化脂质(lipid peroxide,LPO) 219

血清脂蛋白(a)[lipoprotein(a),LP(a)]  219

血清脂蛋白电泳(lipoprotein electrophoresis) 219

血清脂蛋白X(lipoprotein-X,Lp-X)  220

血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C) 220

血清磷脂(phospholipids,PL)  221

血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC) 221

血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)  221

血清极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(very low density lipoprotein cholesterol,VLDL-C)  222

第六节 无机元素检验 222

铝(aluminium,Al)  222

砷(arsenicum,As)  222

镉(cadmium,Cd) 222

钙(calcium,Ca) 223

氯(chlorine,Cl) 223

铬(chromium,Cr) 224

钴(cobalt,Co)  224

铜(copper,Cu)  224

血清碘(iodine,I)  225

铁(iron,Fe)  225

镁(magnesium,Mg)  225

锰(manganese,Mn)  226

汞(mercury,Hg)  226

钼(molybdenum,Mo)  226

镍(nickel,Ni)   226

无机磷(phosphorus,P)  227

铅(plumbum,Pb)  227

钾(potassium,K)  227

硒(selenium,Se)  228

钠(sodium,Na)  228

铊(thallium,Tl)  229

血清铁总结合力(total iron-binding capacity in serum,TIBC)  229

锌(zinc,Zn) 229

第七节 维生素检验 230

生物素(biotin)  230

血清β胡萝卜素(carotin)  230

叶酸(folic acid) 230

血清维生素A(视黄醇)(vitamin A in serum,VA)  230

维生素B1(硫胺素)(vitamin B1,VB1) 231

维生素B2(核黄素)(vitamin B2,VB2)  231

血清维生素B3(烟酰胺)(vitamin B3,VB3) 231

维生素B5(泛酸)(vitamin B5,VB5)  232

血浆维生素B6(吡哆醇、醛、胺)(vitamin B6,VB6)  232

血清维生素B12(氰钴胺素)(vitamin B12,VB12)  232

血浆维生素C(vitamin C,Vc)  233

血清维生素D[vitamin D,VD;vitamin 25-(OH)D3]  233

血清维生素E(生育酚)(vitamin E,VE) 233

血清维生素K(vitamin K,VK)  233

第八节 卟啉代谢产物检验 234

δ氨基-γ-酮戊酸(δ-aminolevulinic acid,δ-ALA) 234

尿卟胆原(porphobilinogen,PBG) 234

尿粪卟啉(coproporphyrin,CPP) 234

尿尿卟啉(uroporphyrin,UPP)  234

红细胞原卟啉(protoporphyrin,PPP)  235

锌原卟啉(zinc protoporphyrin,ZPP)  235

第九节 肝脏疾病试验 235

血清结合胆红素(或直接胆红素)(direct bilirubin,DB)  235

血清未结合胆红素(或间接胆红素)(indirect bilirubin,IDB)  235

血清总胆红素(total bilirubin,TB)  236

血清δ胆红素(δ-bilirubin,Bδ)  236

尿胆红素(biliruibin)  236

血清总胆汁酸(total bile acids,TBA)  237

血清甘氨胆酸(cholyglycine,CG)  237

血清Ⅳ型胶原(collagen Ⅳ,CⅣ)  237

靛氰绿排泄试验(indocyanine green excretion test,ICG)  237

血清层粘蛋白(laminin,LN) 238

血清Ⅲ型前胶原(procollagen Ⅲ,PCⅢ)  238

尿尿胆原(urobilinogen)  238

第十节 肾脏疾病试验 238

淀粉酶/肌酐清除比例(amylase/creatinine clearance ratio,Cam/Ccr) 238

血清肌酐(creatinine,CREA)  239

血清胱蛋白酶抑制剂C(cystatin C)  239

内生肌酐清除试验(endogenous creatinine clearance,CCr)  239

肾小球滤过分数(glomerular filtrating fraction,FF) 240

菊粉清除率(inulin clearance test)  240

肾小管对氨马尿酸最大排泄量(maximal renal tubular excretion of hippuric acid,TmPAH)  240

肾小管葡萄糖最大重吸收量(maximal tubular reabsorption of glucose,TmG) 240

尿微量白蛋白(microalbuminuria,MCA)  240

α1微球蛋白(α1-microglobulin,α1-mG)  241

尿β2微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-mG)  241

对氨马尿酸清除试验(para-aminohippurate clearance test,CPAH)  241

酚红排泄试验(phenolsulfonphthalein excretion test,PSP) 242

尿蛋白选择性指数(selective proteinuria index,SPI)  242

尿液总蛋白质(total protein in urine)  242

尿转铁蛋白(transferrin,Tf)  243

血清尿素(urea)  243

尿素清除试验(urea clearance test)  243

尿渗量(urine osmol,Uosm)  244

第十一节 心脏疾病试验 244

血清淀粉样蛋白A(amyloid protein A,SAA) 244

血清脂肪酸结合蛋白(fatty acid-binding protein,FABP)  244

血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine in plasma,Hcy)  244

血清缺血修饰白蛋白(ischemia-modified albumin,IMA)  245

血清肌红蛋白(myoglobin,Mb)  245

血浆B型钠尿肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)  245

血浆N末端B型钠尿肽原(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)  245

血清肌钙蛋白I(troponin I,cTnI)  246

血清肌钙蛋白T(troponin T,cTnT) 246

第十二节 激素及其代谢产物检验 246

肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素(adrenaline and noradrenaline,Adr和NA) 246

血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotrophin,ACTH) 247

血浆和尿醛固酮(aldosterone)  247

血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ)  247

血清抗利尿激素(anti-diuretic hormone,ADH)  248

血清降钙素(calcitonin,CT)  248

血浆降钙素基因相关肽(calcitoningene-related peptide,CGRP) 248

血浆心钠素(cardionatrin,ANP) 249

血浆和尿儿茶酚胺(catecholamine) 249

血清缩胆囊素-肠促胰酶素(cholecystokinin pancreazymin,CCK-PZ)  249

血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotrophin,HCG)  250

血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基,(β-human chorionic gonadotrophin,β-HCG)  250

血清皮质酮(corticosterone)  250

血浆皮质醇(cortisol) 250

尿游离皮质醇(free cortisol,UFC)  251

血清C肽、尿C肽(C-peptide in serum and urine,SCP和UCP)  251

环磷腺苷(cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)  251

环磷鸟苷(cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate,cGMP)  252

血、尿去氢异雄酮(dehydroisoandrosterone,DHA) 252

尿雌激素(estrin in urine) 252

血清雌二醇(estradiol,E2)  253

血清雌三醇(estriol,E3)  253

血清促卵泡激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)  253

血清肠抑胃肽(gastric inhibitory polypeptide,GIP)  254

血清胃泌素(gastrin)  254

血清生长激素(growth hormone,GH) 255

血清生长激素释放激素(growth hormone releasing hormone,GHRH) 255

尿高香草酸(homovanillic acid,HVA)  255

尿17-羟类固醇(17-hydroxycorticosteroids,17-OHCS) 255

尿5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-hydroxyindole acetic acid,5-HIAA)  256

血清17-羟孕酮(17-Hydroxyprogesterone,17-OHP)  256

血清胰岛素(insulin,SI)  257

血清肠高血糖素(intestinal glucagon,IG)  257

尿17-生酮类固醇(17-ketogenic steroids,17-KGS) 257

尿17-酮类固醇(17-ketosteroids,17-KS) 258

血清黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)  258

尿甲氧肾上腺素和尿去甲氧肾上腺素(metanephrine and normetanephine,MN和NMN) 259

血浆胰高血糖素(pancreatic glucagon,PG)  259

血清甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH) 259

血清甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白(parathyroid hormone related protein,PTHrP)  259

尿垂体促性腺激素(human pituitary gonadotropin,HPG)  260

血清胎盘泌乳素(placental lactogen hormone,HPL)  260

尿孕二醇(pregnanediol,P2) 261

降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)  261

血清孕酮(progesterone,P)  261

血清胰岛素原(proinsulin,pINS)  262

血清催乳素(prolactin,PRL) 262

血浆前列腺素(prostaglandins,PG)  262

血浆肾素(renin)  263

血浆肾素血管紧张素Ⅱ活性(renin angiotensin Ⅱ activity,PRT) 264

血清反三碘甲状腺原氨酸(reverse triiodothyronine,rT3)  265

血清生长激素释放抑制素(somatostatin,SS)  265

血浆P物质(substance P,SP)  265

血清睾酮(testosterone) 266

血浆游离睾酮(free testosterone,FT) 266

血清促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)  267

血清促甲状腺激素释放激素(thyrotropin releasing hormone,TRH)  267

血清甲状腺激素结合球蛋白(thyroxine binding globulin,TBG)  267

血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(total triiodothyronine,TT3) 268

血清总甲状腺素(total thyroxine,TT4)  268

血清游离甲状腺素(free T3 and free T4,FT3和FT4) 268

尿香草扁桃酸(vanillylmandelic acid,VMA)  269

血清肠血管活性肽(vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,VIP) 269

第十三节 内分泌功能试验 269

促肾上腺皮质激素兴奋试验(ACTH stimulating test) 269

精氨酸刺激试验(arginine stimulating test)  270

钙耐量试验(calcium tolerant test)  270

可乐定兴奋试验(clonidine stimulating test) 270

冷压试验(cold stimulating test)  271

皮质素水试验(cortexin test)  271

地塞米松抑制试验(dexamethassone inhibitory test)  271

胰高血糖素试验(glucagon stimulating test)  272

葡萄糖抑制生长激素试验(glucose inhibiting GH test)  272

胰岛素释放试验(insulin releasing test)  272

胰岛素低血糖兴奋试验(insulin stimulating GH test) 273

左旋多巴抑制试验(L-dopa inhibitory test)  273

左旋多巴兴奋试验(L-dopa stimulating test)  273

黄体生成素释放激素兴奋试验(luteinizing hormone releasing hormone stimulating test) 274

禁水试验(limit water test)  274

低钙试验(lower calcium test) 275

甲吡酮试验(metopirone test) 275

磷廓清试验(phosphorus clearance test,CPT)  275

催乳素激发试验(prolactin stimulating test)  275

酚妥拉明试验(phentolamine test)  276

肾小管重吸收磷试验(renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate test,TRP)  276

T3树脂摄取试验(resin triiodothyronine uptake test,RT3 UT) 276

胰泌素-促胰酶素联合试验(secretin and pancreazymin conjunct test)  277

螺内酯(安体舒通)试验(spironolactone test)  277

促甲状腺激素释放激素兴奋试验(throtropin releasting hormone,TRH) 278

甲状腺吸131I率试验(thyroid absorbing 131I rate test)  278

甲状腺过氯酸盐排碘试验(thyroid perchlorate repelling iodine test)  279

甲状腺素片抑制甲状腺吸131I试验(T3 inhibition test) 279

甲苯磺丁脲试验(tolbutamide stimulation test)  279

尿绒毛膜促性腺激素乳胶凝集抑制试验(urine HCG latex agglutination inhibition test)  280

垂体后叶素注射试验(vasopressin injection test)  280

第五章 免疫学检验 281

第一节 体液免疫检验 281

血清免疫球蛋白G、A、M(immunoglobin G、A、M,IgG、IgA、IgM) 281

血清免疫球蛋白G亚类(immunoglobin G subclasses,IgG subclasses) 281

血清免疫球蛋白D(immunoglobin D,IgD) 282

血清单克隆免疫球蛋白(monoclonal immuno-globulins)或M蛋白(M protein) 282

血清冷球蛋白(cryoglobulin)  282

脑脊液蛋白电泳(cerebrospinal fluid protein electrophoresis) 282

脑脊液IgG、IgA、IgM(cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobin G、A、M,CSF IgG、IgA、IgM)  283

脑脊液IgG指数(cerebrospinal fluid index) 283

分泌液IgA(secretory juice immunoglobin A)  283

选择性蛋白尿(selective proteinuria)  284

总补体溶血活性(total hemolytic complement activity,CH50)  284

补体旁路途径活性(alternative pathway of complement,AP-CH50) 284

C1q(complement 1q) 284

C3q(complement 3q) 285

C4q(complement 4q) 285

C4溶血活性(C4 haemolysis activity) 285

B因子(factor B,BF) 285

B因子溶血活性(BF haemolysis activity) 285

C3裂解产物(C3 cleaved product,C3c) 285

C4裂解产物(C4 cleaved product,C4d)  286

C3肾炎因子(C3 nephritis factor,C3NeF) 286

Cī抑制剂[Cī(esterase)inhibitor,CīINH]  286

第二节 细胞免疫检验 286

E花结形成试验(erythrocyte rosette-forming cells,ERFC)  286

EAC花结形成试验(erythrocyte antibody complement,EAC) 287

活性E花结形成试验(activity erythrocyte rosette-forming cells,A-ERFC)  287

鼠红细胞花结形成试验(mouse erythrocyte rosette-forming cells,MERFC)  287

B淋巴细胞表面膜免疫球蛋白(surface membrane immunoglobulin,SmIg)  288

T淋巴细胞酸性α萘酚酯(T lymphocyte acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase,ANAE) 288

淋巴细胞转化试验(lymphocyte transformation test,LTT)  288

CD2淋巴细胞表面标志(lymphocyte surface marker CD2) 288

CD3淋巴细胞表面标志(T lymphocyte surface marker CD3)  289

CD4淋巴细胞表面标志(T lymphocyte surface marker CD4) 289

CD8淋巴细胞表面标志(T lymphocyte surface marker CD8) 289

CD4/CD8比值(CD4/CD8 ratio) 290

CD19淋巴细胞表面标志(lymphocyte surface marker CD19) 290

CD25淋巴细胞表面标志(lymphocyte surface marker CD25)测定  290

硝基四唑氮蓝还原试验(nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test,NBT) 290

粒细胞吞噬功能试验(granulocyte phagocytic function test) 291

白细胞杀菌功能试验(leucocyte antimicrophyte function test) 291

巨噬细胞移动抑制试验(macrophage migration inhibition test,MIT) 291

吞噬白色念球菌功能试验(phagocytize candida albicans function test) 291

吞噬鸡红细胞功能试验(phagocytize chicken red blood cell function test) 292

白细胞移动抑制试验(leucocyte migration inhibition test,LIT) 292

白细胞黏附抑制试验(leucocyte adherence inhibition assay,LAI) 292

白细胞趋化试验(leucocyte chemotaxis assays) 292

白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)  293

肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF) 293

干扰素(interferon,IFN)  293

淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验(lymphocytotoxic cross match test) 293

混合淋巴细胞反应(mixed lymphocyte reaction,MLR) 294

Ⅰ类HLA抗原(human leucocyte antigen class Ⅰ typing)定型试验  294

Ⅱ类HLA抗原(human leucocyte antigen class Ⅱ typing)定型试验 294

HLA DNA分型(human leucocyte antigen DNA testing) 295

HLA-D抗原测定(human leucocyte antigen-D test) 295

HLA-DP抗原测定(human leucocyte antigen-DP test)  295

微量细胞毒试验(microcytotoxicity test) 296

特定细胞群反应抗体(panel reactive antibody,PRA)  296

自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK细胞) 296

CD16或CD56淋巴细胞表面标志(lymphocyte surface marker CD16 or CD56) 296

抗体依赖性细胞毒性(antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity,ADCC) 297

第三节 肿瘤免疫检验 297

甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)定性测定  297

甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)定量测定  297

甲胎蛋白异体(alpha fetoprotein variant,AFPv)  298

癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA) 298

β2微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-mG)  298

糖类抗原15-3(carbohydrate antigen 15-3,CA15-3)  298

糖类抗原19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9,CA19-9)  298

糖类抗原50(carbohydrate antigen 50,CA50) 299

糖类抗原72-4(carbohydrate antigen 72-4,CA72-4)  299

糖类抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)  299

糖类抗原242(carbohydrate antigen 242,CA242)  299

糖类抗原549(carbohydrate antigen 549,CA549)  299

前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)  300

组织多肽抗原(prostate specific antigen,TPA)  300

鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(squamous cell cancer,SCC)  300

神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuronspecific enolase,NSE) 300

前列腺酸性磷酸酶(prostatic acid phosphatase,PAP)  300

α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(α-L-fucosidase,AFU)  301

谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione transferase,GST) 301

人胰弹性蛋白酶Ⅰ(human pancreatic elastase,HPE1) 301

人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotrophin,HCG) 301

降钙素(calcitionin,CT)  301

鼻咽癌相关抗体(nasopharyngeal carcinoma correlated antibody)  301

第四节 变态反应与自身免疫性疾病检验 302

血清总IgE(immunoglobin E,IgE)  302

特异性IgE(specific Immunoglobin E)定量测定  302

嗜碱性粒细胞脱颗粒试验(basophilic granulocyte degranulation test)  302

肥大细胞脱颗粒试验(mastocyte degranulation test)  302

白细胞(或全血)组胺释放试验[leucocyte(or whole blood)histamine release test]  303

速发型皮肤过敏试验(immediate skin sensitivity test)  303

支气管(非特异性)激发试验[bronchus(non-specificity)provocative test]  303

支气管(抗原)激发试验[bronchus(antigen)provocative test]  303

饮食激发试验(diet provocation test) 304

眼、鼻激发试验(ophthalmic,nasal provocation test)  304

嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(eosinophil cell cationic protein,ECP)  304

循环免疫复合物(circulating immune complex,CIC) 304

组织免疫复合物测定(histologic immune complex assay)  305

聚乙二醇沉淀法(polyethylene glycol precipitation method,PEG)  305

C1q固相放射免疫试验(solid phase radioimmu-noassay,C1qRIA)  305

RaJi细胞放射免疫试验(RaJi cell radioimmunoassay) 305

胶固素试验(conglutinin test)  305

冷球蛋白(cryoglobulin,CG)  306

肾活检免疫荧光试验(renal biopsy immunofluo-rescence test)  306

结核菌素(original tuberculin,OT)皮肤试验  306

链激酶-链道酶(streptokinase-streptodornase,SK-SD)皮肤试验 306

植物血凝素(phytohemagglutinin,PHA)皮肤试验  306

抗核抗体(antinuclear antibody,ANA) 307

抗单链DNA(single-stranded DNA,ssDNA)抗体 307

抗Sm(smooth muscle)抗体 307

抗组蛋白抗体(anti-histonic antibody,AHA) 307

抗核糖核蛋白(ribonucleoprotein,RNP)抗体  307

抗核仁内粒抗体(nucleolinus antibody)  307

抗核膜抗体(anti-nuclear membrane antibody)  308

抗原纤维蛋白抗体(fibrillin antibody)  308

抗增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)抗体  308

核糖核酸(ribose nucleic acid,RNA)抗体 308

抗SSA/Ro(Sj?gren syndrome A/Ro)抗体 308

SSB/La或SSB/Ha(Sj?gren syndrome B/La or Sj?gren syndrome B/Ha)  308

脱氧核糖

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