Designing and managing the supply chain conceptsPDF电子书下载

1.INTRODUCTION TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 1

1.1 What Is Supply Chain Management? 1

1.2 Global Optimization 3

1.3 Managing Uncertainty 4

1.4 Why Supply Chain Management? 5

1.5 Key Issues in Supply Chain Management 8

1.6 Book Objectives and Overview 12

Discussion Questions 13

CASE: Meditech Surgical 14

2.LOGISTICS NETWORK CONFIGURATION 23

CASE: The Bis Corporation 23

2.1 Introduction 24

2.2 Data Collection 25

2.2.1 Data Aggregation 27

2.2.2 Transportation Rates 30

2.2.3 Mileage Estimation 31

2.2.4 Warehouse Costs 32

2.2.5 Warehouse Capacities 33

2.2.6 Potential Warehouse Locations 34

2.2.7 Service Level Requirements 34

2.2.8 Future Demand 34

2.3 Model and Data Validation 35

2.4 Solution Techniques 35

2.4.1 Heuristics and the Need for Exact Algorithms 36

2.4.2 Simulation Models and Optimization Techniques 38

2.5 Key Features of a Network Configuration DSS 39

2.6 Solving the Bis Corporation Distribution Problem 40

Summary 40

Discussion Questions 41

3.INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AND RISK POOLING 43

CASE: JAM Electronics: Service Level Crisis 43

3.1 Introduction 44

3.2 A Single Warehouse Inventory Example 46

3.2.1 The Economic Lot Size Model 47

3.2.2 The Effect of Demand Uncertainty 49

CASE: Swimsuit Production 49

3.2.3 Supply Contracts 53

3.2.4 Multiple Order Opportunities 58

3.2.5 Continuous Review Policy 58

3.2.6 Variable Lead Times 62

3.2.7 Periodic Review Policy 62

3.3 Risk Pooling 64

CASE: Risk Pooling 64

3.4 Centralized versus Decentralized Systems 66

3.5 Managing Inventory in the Supply Chain 67

3.6 Practical Issues 69

3.7 Forecasting 70

3.7.1 Judgment Methods 71

3.7.2 Market Research Methods 71

3.7.3 Time-Series Methods 71

3.7.4 Causal Methods 72

3.7.5 Selecting the Appropriate Forecasting Technique 72

Summary 73

Discussion Questions 73

CASE: Sport Obermeyer 76

4.THE VALUE OF INFORMATION 91

CASE: Barilla SpA （A） 91

4.1 Introduction 101

4.2 The Bullwhip Effect 101

4.2.1 Quantifying the Bullwhip Effect 104

4.2.2 The Impact of Centralized Information on the Bullwhip Effect 106

4.2.3 Methods for Coping with the Bullwhip Effect 109

4.3 Effective Forecasts 110

4.4 Information for the Coordination of Systems 111

4.5 Locating Desired Products 112

4.6 Lead-Time Reduction 112

4.7 Information and Supply Chain Trade-offs 112

4.7.1 Conflicting Objectives in the Supply Chain 113

4.7.2 Designing the Supply Chain for Conflicting Goals 113

Summary 116

Discussion Questions 117

5.SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION 119

CASE: Modern Book Distribution, Inc. 119

5.1 Introduction 120

5.2 Push, Pull, and Push-Pull Systems 121

5.2.1 Push-Based Supply Chain 121

5.2.2 Pull-Based Supply Chain 121

5.2.3 Push-Pull Supply Chain 122

5.2.4 Identifying the Appropriate Supply Chain Strategy 123

5.2.5 Implementing a Push-Pull Strategy 125

5.3 Demand-Driven Strategies 127

5.4 The Impact of the Internet on Supply Chain Strategies 128

5.4.1 What Is E-Business? 130

5.4.2 The Grocery Industry 131

5.4.3 The Book Industry 131

5.4.4 The Retail Industry 132

5.4.5 Impact on Transportation and Fulfillment 132

5.5 Distribution Strategies 133

5.5.1 Direct Shipment 134

5.5.2 Cross-Docking 134

5.5.3 Transshipment 136

5.6 Centralized versus Decentralized Control 136

5.7 Central versus Local Facilities 137

Summary 138

Discussion Questions 138

CASE: The Great Inventory Correction 139

6.STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 143

CASE: How Kimberly-Clark Keeps Client Costco in Diapers 143

6.1 Introduction 146

6.2 A Framework For Strategic Alliances 147

6.3 Third-Party Logistics 149

6.3.1 What Is 3PL? 149

6.3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of 3PL 149

6.3.3 3PL Issues and Requirements 152

6.3.4 3PL Implementation Issues 152

6.4 Retailer-Supplier Partnerships 153

6.4.1 Types of RSP 153

6.4.2 Requirements for RSP 154

6.4.3 Inventory Ownership in RSP 155

6.4.4 Issues in RSP Implementation 156

6.4.5 Steps in RSP Implementation 157

6.4.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of RSP 157

6.4.7 Successes and Failures 159

6.5 Distributor Integration 160

6.5.1 Types of Distributor Integration 160

6.5.2 Issues in Distributor Integration 161

Summary 162

Discussion Questions 162

CASE: Audio Duplication Services, Inc.（ADS） 163

7.PROCUREMENT AND OUTSOURCING STRATEGIES 165

CASE: FreeMarkets OnLine, Inc. 165

7.1 Introduction 178

7.2 Outsourcing Benefits and Risks 180

7.3 A Framework for Buy/Make Decisions 182

7.4 E-Procurement 183

7.5 A Framework for E-Procurement 187

Summary 190

Discussion Questions 190

8.INTERNATIONAL ISSUES IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 191

CASE: Wal-Mart Changes Tactics to Meet International Tastes 191

8.1 Introduction 194

8.1.1 Global Market Forces 195

8.1.2 Technological Forces 196

8.1.3 Global Cost Forces 196

8.1.4 Political and Economic Forces 196

8.2 Risks and Advantages of International Supply Chains 197

8.2.1 Risks 197

8.2.2 Addressing Global Risks 198

8.2.3 Requiremnents forGlobal Strategy Imnplenientation 199

8.3 Issues in International Supply Chain Management 200

8.3.1 International versus Regional Products 201

8.3.2 Local Autonomy versus Central Control 201

8.3.3 Miscellaneous Dange rs 202

8.4 Regional Differences in Logistics 203

8.4.1 Cultural Differences 203

8.4.2 In f ias tructu re 204

8.4.3 Performnance Expectation and Evaluation 204

8.4.4 Informnation System Availability 205

8.4.5 Hunnan Resources 205

Summary 206

Discussion Questions 206

9.COORDINATED PRODUCT AND SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN 207

CASE: Hewlett-Packard: DeskJet Printer Supply Chain 207

9.1 Design for Logistics 214

9.1.1 Overview 214

9.1.2 Economic Packaging and Transportation 215

9.1.3 Concurrent and Parallel Processing 216

9.1.4 Standardization 217

9.1.5 Selecting a Standardization Strategy 221

9.1.6 Important Considerations 221

9.1.7 The Push-Pull Boundary 222

9.1.8 Case Anal ysis 223

9.2 Supplier Integration into New Product Development 225

9.2.1 The Spectrum of Supplier Integration 225

9.2.2 Kevs to Effective Supplier Integration 226

9.2.3 A “Bookshelf of Technologies and Suppliers 226

9.3 Mass Customization 227

9.3.1 What Is Mass Ctrstomization? 227

9.3.2 Making Mass Customization Work 227

9.3.3 Mass Customization and Supply Chain Management 228

Summary 229

Discussion Questions 230

CASE: Hewlett-Packard Company: Network Printer Design for Universality 230

10.CUSTOMER VALUE AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 237

CASE: Dell's Direct Business Model 237

10.1 Introduction 238

10.2 The Dimensions of Customer Value 240

10.2.1 Conformance to Requirements 240

10.2.2 Product Selection 242

10.2.3 Price and Brand 244

10.2.4 Value-Added Services 245

10.2.5 Relationships and Experiences 246

10.3 Strategic Pricing 248

10.3.1 Revenue Management 249

CASE: Hotel Rooms 249

10.3.2 Smart Pricing 251

10.4 Customer Value Measures 253

10.5 Information Technology and Customer Value 256

Summary 258

Discussion Questions 259

11.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 261

CASE: Backup in the Espresso Lane 261

CASE: ERP Brews Instant Success 264

11.1 Introduction 266

11.2 Goals of Supply Chain Information Technology 267

11.3 Standardization 271

11.4 Information Technology Infrastructure 274

11.4.1 Interface Devices 274

11.4.2 Communications 275

11.4.3 Databases 276

11.4.4 Svstem Architecture 277

11.4.5 Electronic Commerce 279

11.4.6 Electronic Commerce Levels 280

11.5 Supply Chain Management System Components 283

11.6 Integrating Supply Chain Information Technology 286

11.6.1 Stages of Development 287

11.6.2 hmplementation of ERPand DSS 288

11.6.3 “Best-of-Breed ” versus Single-Vendor ERP Solutions 290

Summary 291

Discussion Questions 292

12.DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 293

CASE: Supply Chain Management Smooths Production Flow 293

12.1 Introduction 294

12.2 The Challenges of Modeling 296

12.3 Structure of Decision-Support Systems 297

12.3.1 Input Data 298

12.3.2 Analytical Tools 300

12.3.3 Presentation Tools 303

12.4 Supply Chain Decision-Support Systems 307

12.5 Selecting a Supply Chain DSS 315

Summary 317

Discussion Questions 318

Appendix A Computerized Beer Game 319

A.1 Introduction 319

A.2 The Traditional Beer Game 319

A.2.1 The Difficulties with the Traditional Beer Game 320

A.3 The Scenarios 321

A.4 Playing a Round 322

A.4.1 Introducing the Game 322

A.4.2 Understanding the Screen 323

A.4.3 Playing the Game 324

A.4.4 Other Features 326

A.5 Options and Settings 327

A.5.1 File Commands 327

A.5.2 Options Conmmands 327

A.5.3 The Play Commands 330

A.5.4 The Graphs Commands 331

A.5.5 The Reports Commands 332

Appendix B The Risk Pool Game 334

B.1 Introduction 334

B.2 The Scenarios 334

B.3 Playing Several Rounds 335

B.3.1 Introducing the Game 335

B.3.2 Understanding the Screen 336

B.3.3 Playing the Game 337

B.3.4 Other Features 337

B.4 Options and Settings 337

B.4.1 File Commands 338

B.4.2 Play Commands 338

B.4.3 The Reports Commands 340

Appendix C The Inventory Spreadsheet 342

C.1 Introduction 342

C.2 The Spreadsheet 342

Bibliography 343

Index 349