高级英语写作简编 英文PDF电子书下载

Part 1　Introduction 1

1.1　Effective Writing 1

1.2　Demands of the Course 4

1.3 Autobiography 6

Part 2　Reaching Your Audience 10

2.1　Reaching Your Audience 10

2.2　Style,Voice,and Tone 11

2.3　Style Through Vocabulary and Diction 12

2.4　Inappropriate Word Usage 14

Part 3　Polishing Sentences 18

3.1　Sentence Fragments 18

3.2　Sentence Patterns 19

3.3　Precise Vocabulary for Complete Ideas 20

3.4　Symbols That Stand for Errors in an Essay 20

Part 4　Polishing Paragraphs 27

4.1　Paragraph Structure 27

4.2　Topic Sentence 30

4.3　Patterns for Presenting Information 32

4.4　Developing Levels of Specificity 41

4.5　Paragraph Size 42

Part 5　Main Idea and Pattern of Organization 45

5.1　Working Through Early Stages in Forming the Main Idea of the Writing 45

5.2　Knowing Your Goals 46

5.3　Strategies for Generating and Narrowing Main Idea 49

5.4　Methods for Arranging Ideas 51

5.5　Choosing Part of a Larger Topic 55

5.6　Using the Modes 57

Part 6　Gathering Information and Ideas:Memory,Reading and Observation 65

6.1　Gathering Information to Support Main Idea and Pattern of Organization 66

6.2　Strategies for Tapping Memory 66

6.3　Selecting Sources for Reading 70

6.4　Strategies for Observation 72

Part 7　Gathering Information and Ideas:Interviewing 78

7.1　Guidelines for Interviewing 78

7.2　Practicing Interviewing One of Your Teachers 82

7.3　Using Videotapes to Learn Interviewing Techniques 85

Part 8　Elements of Writing Essays 87

8.1　Timeliness 87

8.2　Emotion 90

8.3　Thesis Statement 95

Part 9　Comparison-and-contrast 104

9.1　Elements of Comparison-and-contrast 105

9.2　Keeping Balance 109

9.3　Drawing an Analogy 113

Part 10　Argument 116

10.1　Occasions for Argumentative Essays 116

10.2　Arguing in Context 116

10.3　Stating Your Proposition 117

10.4　Anticipating Opposition 118

10.5　Expanding Your Argument 120

10.6　Three Argumentative Appeals:Reason,Ethics,Emotion 120

10.7　Form:Tradition and Innovation 125

10.8　Arguing for Consensus 127

Part 11　Inductive Reasoning 132

11.1　Generalizing from Data(Induction) 132

11.2　Elements of Induction 133

11.3　Steps in Inductive Reasoning 134

11.4　Guidelines for Inductive Reasoning 135

Part 12　Deductive Reasoning 139

12.1　The Categorical Argument 139

12.2　The Conditional Argument 140

Part 13　Writing a Research Paper 144

13.1　The Nature of Research 144

13.2　Collecting Information 146

13.3　Techniques for Preparing Research-paper Writing 151

Part 14　Procedures in Graduate Study 158

14.1　Doing Research 158

14.2　Becoming Part of the Research Community 170

Part 15　How to Write an Abstract 174

15.1　What Is an Abstract? 174

15.2　Guidelines for Writing an Abstract 175

15.3　Structure of an Abstract 175

15.4　The Style of an Abstract 178

15.5　Commonly Used Sentence Patterns 179

15.6　Key Words 179

Part 16　Quoting and Documenting 181

16.1　Locating the Sources 181

16.2　Introducing a Quotation 182

16.3　When to Use Quotation Marks;When to Document 183

16.4　Format and Punctuation for Quotations 184

Part 17　Composing a Poem 189

17.1　Defining Poetry 189

17.2　Techniques of Composing Poems 192

17.3　Diction 200

17.4　Metre or Meter:Poetry Rhythm 202

17.5　Amateur Poetry as Therapy 204

Appendices 206

1　Writing and Presenting Your Thesis or Dissertation 206

2　Using Modern Language Association(MLA)Format 218

Glossary 231

Bibliography 236