人体解剖生理学 英文版PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ Human Organization 1

1 Organization of the Body 1

Anatomy and Physiology 2

Organization of Body Parts 2

Anatomical Terms 3

Organ Systems 9

Homeostasis 12

Medical Focus：Organ Donation 10

2 Chemistry of Life 16

Elements and Atoms 17

Molecules and Compounds 18

Some Important Organic Molecules 23

Medical Focus：Imaging the Body 19

Medical Focus：Nutrition Labels 26

3 Cell Structure and Function 33

The Plasma Membrane 34

The Nucleus 35

The Cytoplasm 36

Plasma Membrane Transport 39

Cell Division 42

Medical Focus：Hemodialysis 40

MedAlert：Cancer 44

4 Body Tissues and Membranes 48

Body Tissues 49

Body Membranes 59

Medical Focus：Classification of Cancers 57

5 The Integumentary System 62

Structure of the Skin 62

Accessory Structures of the Skin 65

Functions of the Skin 67

Disorders of the Skin 68

Effects of Aging 73

Visual Focus：Temperature Control 69

Medical Focus：Link between UV Radiation and Skin Cancer 70

Medical Focus：Epidermis from the Laboratory 71

Working Together：Integumentary System 74

Part Ⅱ Support and Movement 78

6 The Skeletal System 78

Skeleton：Overview 79

Axial Skeleton 82

Appendicular Skeleton 91

Joints（Articulations） 100

Effects of Aging 105

MedAlert：Arthritic Joints 103

Working Together：Skeletal System 106

7 The Muscular System 110

Types and Functions of Muscles 111

Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction 111

Skeletal Muscles of the Body 117

Effects of Aging 129

Working Together 130

Visual Focus：Contraction of a Muscle 113

MedAlert：Benefits of Exercise 116

Working Together：Muscular System 131

Part Ⅲ Integration and Coordination 135

8 The Nervous System 135

Nervous System 136

Central Nervous System 144

Peripheral Nervous System 152

Effects of Aging 158

Working Together 158

Visual Focus：Synapse Structure and Function 141

Medical Focus：The Left and Right Brain 146

Medical Focus：EEG 149

Medical Focus：Spinal Cord Injuries 150

Working Together：Nervous System 159

MedAlert：Alzheimer Disease 160

9 The Sensory System 165

General Receptors 166

Chemoreceptors 168

Photoreceptors 169

Mechanoreceptors 179

Effects of Aging 183

Medical Focus：Myasthenia Gravis 171

MedAlert：Age-Related Macular Degeneration 174

Medical Focus：Corrective Lenses 178

Medical Focus：Hearing Damage and Deafness 182

10 The Endocrine System 186

Endocrine System 187

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 190

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 193

Adrenal Glands 194

Pancreas 197

Testes and Ovaries 199

Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones 199

Effects of Aging 202

Working Together 202

Visual Focus：Hypothalamus and the Pituitary 191

Medical Focus：Glucocorticoid Therapy 195

MedAlert：Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids 200

Working Together：Endocrine System 203

11 Blood 207

Composition of Blood 208

functions of Blood 214

Blood Groups and Typing 216

Effects of Aging 218

Visual Focus：Hematopoiesis 213

Medical Focus：Abnormal Red and White Blood Cell Counts 210

Medical Focus：Who Should Not Give Blood 218

12 The Circulatory System 222

Anatomy of the Heart 223

Vascular System 234

Features of the Circulatory System 244

Effects of Aging 246

Working Together 246

Medical Focus：Congestive Heart Failure 227

Medical Focus：The Electrocardiogram 230

MedAlert：Preventing Heart Attacks 232

Working Together：Circulatory System 247

13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity 251

Lymphatic System 252

Immunity 256

Immunotherapy 262

Immunological Side Effects and Illnesses 266

Effects of Aging 267

Working Together 267

Medical Focus：Lymph Nodes and Illnesses 254

Medical Focus：Bone Marrow Biopsy and Transplant 255

Visual Focus：The Inflammatory Reaction 257

Medical Focus：Immunization：The Great Protector 263

MedAlert：AIDS Epidemic 264

Working Together：Lymphatic System 268

14 The Respiratory System 272

Respiratory Organs 273

Mechanisms of Breathing 278

Respiration Mechanisms and Transport of Gases 282

Respiratory Infections and Lung Disorders 285

Effects of Aging 289

Working Together 289

Medical Focus：Modified Breathing Rates 278

Visual Focus：Inspiration Versus Expiration 280

Medical Focus：Heimlich Maneuver 282

Visual Focus：Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders 288

MedAlert：The Most Often Asked Questions about Smoking，Tobacco，and Health，and…the Answers 290

Working Together：Respiratory System 292

15 The Digestive System 296

Digestive System 297

Accessory Organs 308

Mechanical and Chemical Digestion 310

Nutrition 310

Effects of Aging 316

Working Together 316

Medical Focus：Viral Hepatitis 306

MedAlert：Constipation 308

Medical Focus：Human Teeth 311

Medical Focus：Antioxidants 313

Working Together：Digestive System 317

16 The Urinary System 321

Urinary System 322

Urine Formation 325

Regulatory Functions of the Kidney 329

Effects of Aging 333

Working Together 333

Visual Focus：Steps in Urine Formation 326

Medical Focus：Illnesses Detected by Urinalysis 327

MedAlert：Prostate Enlargement 332

Working Together：Urinary System 334

Part Ⅴ Reproduction and Development 337

17 The Reproductive System 337

Male Reproductive System 338

Female Reproductive System 343

Control of Reproduction and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 352

Effects of Aging 357

WorkingTogether 357

Visual Focus：Anatomy of Ovary and Follicle 344

Medical Focus：Ovarian Cancer 346

Visual Focus：Regulation of Estrogen and Progesterone Secretion by Negative Feedback 348

MedAlert：Endometriosis 351

Medical Focus：Alternative Methods of Reproduction 353

Working Together：Reproductive System 358

18 Human Development and Birth 362

Fertilization 363

Development 366

Birth 373

MedAlert：Detecting Birth Defects 364

Medical Focus：Teratogens 369

Medical Focus：Premature Babies 374

19 Human Genetics 379

Inheritance of Autosomes 381

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes 383

Gene Inheritance 385

Biochemical Genetics 387

Visual Focus：Ex Vivo Gene Therapy in Humans 390

Appendix A：Reference Figures：The Human Organism 393

Appendix B：Understanding Medical Terminology 400

Appendix C：Answers to MedAlert Questions 408

Appendix D：Further Readings 410

Glossary 412

Credits 429

Index 430