Operating system concepts Ninth EditionPDF电子书下载

PART ONE OVERVIEW 4

Chapter 1 Introduction 4

1.1 What Operating Systems Do 4

1.2 Computer-System Organization 7

1.3 Computer-System Architecture 12

1.4 Operating-System Structure 19

1.5 Operating-System Operations 21

1.6 Process Management 24

1.7 Memory Management 25

1.8 Storage Management 26

1.9 Protection and Security 30

1.10 Kernel Data Structures 31

1.11 Computing Environments 35

1.12 Open-Source Operating Systems 43

1.13 Summary 47

Exercises 49

Bibliographical Notes 51

Chapter 2 System Structures 53

2.1 Operating-System Services 53

2.2 User and Operating-System Interface 56

2.3 System Calls 60

2.4 Types of System Calls 64

2.5 System Programs 72

2.6 Operating-System Design and Implementation 73

2.7 Operating-System Structure 76

2.8 Operating-System Debugging 84

2.9 Operating-System Generation 89

2.10 System Boot 90

2.11 Summary 91

Exercises 92

Bibliographical Notes 98

PART TWO PROCESS MANAGEMENT 103

Chapter 3 Process Concept 103

3.1 Process Concept 103

3.2 Process Scheduling 108

3.3 Operations on Processes 113

3.4 Interprocess Communication 120

3.5 Examples of IPC Systems 128

3.6 Communication in Client-Server Systems 134

3.7 Summary 145

Exercises 147

Bibliographical Notes 158

Chapter 4 Multithreaded Programming 161

4.1 Overview 161

4.2 Multicore Programming 164

4.3 Multithreading Models 167

4.4 Thread Libraries 169

4.5 Implicit Threading 175

4.6 Threading Issues 181

4.7 Operating-System Examples 186

4.8 Summary 189

Exercises 189

Bibliographical Notes 197

Chapter 5 Process Scheduling 201

5.1 Basic Concepts 201

5.2 Scheduling Criteria 205

5.3 Scheduling Algorithms 206

5.4 Thread Scheduling 217

5.5 Multiple-Processor Scheduling 218

5.6 Real-Time CPU Scheduling 223

5.7 Operating-System Examples 230

5.8 Algorithm Evaluation 240

5.9 Summary 244

Exercises 245

Bibliographical Notes 250

Chapter 6 Synchronization 253

6.1 Background 253

6.2 The Critical-Section Problem 256

6.3 Peterson’s Solution 257

6.4 Synchronization Hardware 259

6.5 Mutex Locks 262

6.6 Semaphores 263

6.7 Classic Problems of Synchronization 269

6.8 Monitors 273

6.9 Synchronization Examples 282

6.10 Alternative Approaches 288

6.11 Summary 292

Exercises 292

Bibliographical Notes 307

Chapter 7 Deadlocks 311

7.1 System Model 311

7.2 Deadlock Characterization 313

7.3 Methods for Handling Deadlocks 318

7.4 Deadlock Prevention 319

7.5 Deadlock Avoidance 323

7.6 Deadlock Detection 329

7.7 Recovery from Deadlock 333

7.8 Summary 335

Exercises 335

Bibliographical Notes 340

PART THREE MEMORY MANAGEMENT 345

Chapter 8 Memory-Management Strategies 345

8.1 Background 345

8.2 Swapping 352

8.3 Contiguous Memory Allocation 354

8.4 Segmentation 358

8.5 Paging 360

8.6 Structure of the Page Table 372

8.7 Example：Intel 32 and 64-bit Architectures 377

8.8 Example：ARM Architecture 382

8.9 Summary 383

Exercises 384

Bibliographical Notes 387

Chapter 9 Virtual-Memory Management 389

9.1 Background 389

9.2 Demand Paging 393

9.3 Copy-on-Write 400

9.4 Page Replacement 401

9.5 Allocation of Frames 413

9.6 Thrashing 417

9.7 Memory-Mapped Files 422

9.8 Allocating Kernel Memory 428

9.9 Other Considerations 431

9.10 Operating-System Examples 437

9.11 Summary 440

Exercises 441

Bibliographical Notes 450

PART FOUR STORAGE MANAGEMENT 455

Chapter 10 File System 455

10.1 File Concept 455

10.2 Access Methods 465

10.3 Directory and Disk Structure 467

10.4 File-System Mounting 478

10.5 File Sharing 480

10.6 Protection 485

10.7 Summary 490

Exercises 491

Bibliographical Notes 492

Chapter 11 Implementing File-Systems 495

11.1 File-System Structure 495

11.2 File-System Implementation 498

11.3 Directory Implementation 504

11.4 Allocation Methods 505

11.5 Free-Space Management 513

11.6 Efficiency and Performance 516

11.7 Recovery 520

11.8 NFS 523

11.9 Example：The WAFL File System 529

11.10 Summary 532

Exercises 533

Bibliographical Notes 536

Chapter 12 Mass-Storage Structure 539

12.1 Overview of Mass-Storage Structure 539

12.2 Disk Structure 542

12.3 Disk Attachment 543

12.4 Disk Scheduling 544

12.5 Disk Management 550

12.6 Swap-Space Management 554

12.7 RAID Structure 556

12.8 Stable-Storage Implementation 566

12.9 Summary 568

Exercises 569

Bibliographical Notes 572

Chapter 13 I/O Systems 575

13.1 Overview 575

13.2 I/O Hardware 576

13.3 Application I/O Interface 585

13.4 Kernel I/O Subsystem 592

13.5 Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations 599

13.6 STREAMS 601

13.7 Performance 603

13.8 Summary 606

Exercises 607

Bibliographical Notes 608

PART FIVE PROTECTION AND SECURITY 611

Chapter 14 System Protection 611

14.1 Goals of Protection 611

14.2 Principles of Protection 612

14.3 Domain of Protection 613

14.4 Access Matrix 618

14.5 Implementation of the Access Matrix 622

14.6 Access Control 625

14.7 Revocation of Access Rights 626

14.8 Capability-Based Systems 627

14.9 Language-Based Protection 630

14.10 Summary 635

Exercises 636

Bibliographical Notes 637

Chapter 15 System Security 641

15.1 The Security Problem 641

15.2 Program Threats 645

15.3 System and Network Threats 653

15.4 Cryptography as a Security Tool 658

15.5 User Authentication 669

15.6 Implementing Security Defenses 673

15.7 Firewalling to Protect Systems and Networks 680

15.8 Computer-Security Classifications 682

15.9 An Example：Windows 7 683

15.10 Summary 685

Exercises 686

Bibliographical Notes 688

PART SIX CASE STUDIES 695

Chapter 16 The Linux System 695

16.1 Linux History 695

16.2 Design Principles 700

16.3 Kernel Modules 703

16.4 Process Management 706

16.5 Scheduling 709

16.6 Memory Management 714

16.7 File Systems 723

16.8 Input and Output 729

16.9 Interprocess Communication 732

16.10 Network Structure 733

16.11 Security 735

16.12 Summary 738

Exercises 738

Bibliographical Notes 740

Chapter 17 Windows 7 741

17.1 History 741

17.2 Design Principles 743

17.3 System Components 750

17.4 Terminal Services and Fast User Switching 774

17.5 File System 775

17.6 Networking 781

17.7 Programmer Interface 786

17.8 Summary 795

Exercises 795

Bibliographical Notes 796

Chapter 18 Influential Operating Systems 799

18.1 Feature Migration 799

18.2 Early Systems 800

18.3 Atlas 807

18.4 XDS-940 808

18.5 THE 809

18.6 RC 4000 809

18.7 CTSS 810

18.8 MULTICS 811

18.9 IBM OS/360 811

18.10 TOPS-20 813

18.11 CP/M and MS/DOS 813

18.12 Macintosh Operating System and Windows 814

18.13 Mach 814

18.14 Other Systems 816

Exercises 816

Bibliographical Notes 816