商务英语交际与写作PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ About Communication 1

Chapter 1 Introduction 2

1.1 The Importance of Communication 2

1.2 Functions of Communication 3

1.2.1 To Inform 3

1.2.2 To Persuade 3

1.2.3 To Promote Goodwill 3

1.2.4 To Build Self-Esteem 3

1.3 The Communication Process 4

1.3.1 The Sender 4

1.3.2 The Message 4

1.3.3 The Channel 4

1.3.4 The Receiver 4

1.3.5 The Feedback 5

1.4 Forms of Communication 5

1.4.1 External and Internal Communication 5

1.4.2 Downward,Upward and Lateral Communication 5

1.4.3 Written,Oral,and Electronic Communication 6

1.5 Responsibilities of Participants 6

1.5.1 The Sender's Responsibilities 6

1.5.2 The Receiver's Responsibilities 7

1.6 Summary 7

Words List 7

Notes 8

Exercises 9

Chapter 2 Barriers to Communication 11

2.1 Introduction 11

2.1.1 What are the Barriers to Communication? 11

2.1.2 A Typical Case about the Way of Entertaining Guests 12

2.2 Basic Reasons to Make Barriers to Communication 13

2.2.1 Difference in Understanding 13

2.2.2 Difference in Language 13

2.2.3 Difference in Culture 14

2.2.4 Pre-Judgment 15

2.2.5 Relationship 15

2.2.6 Emotional Response 16

2.2.7 Lack of Interest in the Subject Matter 16

2.3 Necessity to Overcome Barriers to Cross-Cultural Communication 16

2.3.1 Bad Effects of Barriers to Cross-Cultural Communication 16

2.3.2 A Typical Case 17

2.4 How to Overcome Barriers to Cross-cultural Communication 18

2.4.1 Learning to Respect Each Other's Cultures 19

2.4.2 Be Objective about the Cultural Differences 19

2.4.3 Pay Attention to the Language Barriers 19

2.4.4 Using Skills in Cross-Cultural Communication 19

2.5 Summary 20

Words List 20

Notes 21

Exercises 21

Chapter 3 Oral Presentation 23

3.1 Introduction 23

3.1.1 A Brief Introduction to Oral Presentation 23

3.1.2 Two Kinds of Oral Presentation According to Their Functions 24

3.2 Preparing for an Oral Presentation 24

3.2.1 The Necessity to Prepare for an Oral Presentation 24

3.2.2 How to Prepare an Oral Presentation 24

3.2.3 Selecting a Topic 25

3.2.4 Making a Good Outline 26

3.2.5 Collecting the Data Required 26

3.3 Writing an Oral Presentation 27

3.3.1 The Necessity to Write an Oral Presentation 27

3.3.2 How to Write an Oral Presentation 27

3.4 How to Deliver an Oral Presentation 29

3.4.1 The Ways to Deliver an Oral Presentation 29

3.4.2 Some Useful Suggestions on Oral Presentation Delivery 30

3.5 Summary 31

Words List 32

Notes 32

Exercises 33

Chapter 4 Nonverbal Communication 36

4.1 Introduction 36

4.1.1 The Role of Nonverbal Communication 36

4.1.2 The Functions of Nonverbal Communication 37

4.2 Nonverbal Symbols in Spoken Language 37

4.2.1 Body Language 37

4.2.2 Facial Expressions 38

4.2.3 Eye Contact 38

4.2.4 Voice and Paralanguage 39

4.2.5 Personal Space 39

4.2.6 Touching 40

4.2.7 Appearance,Shape and Self-image 41

4.3 Nonverbal Symbols in Written Message 41

4.4 Nonverbal Symbols in the Settings 41

4.4.1 Furniture and Decoration 42

4.4.2 Color 42

4.5 Summary 42

Words List 42

Notes 44

Exercises 45

Part Ⅱ How to Write 47

Chapter 5 Steps to Write Effectively 48

5.1 Introduction 48

5.2 Determining Purpose 50

5.3 Assembling All the Relevant Information 51

5.4 Organizing Information 52

5.5 Outlining 52

5.6 Drafting 53

5.6.1 Stressing Benefits,Not Features 53

5.6.2 Adopting a Plain Writing Style 54

5.7 Revising Your First Draft 54

5.8 Summary 57

Words List 57

Notes 57

Exercises 58

Chapter 6 Writing with Style 60

6.1 Introduction 60

6.2 Clarity 61

6.2.1 Words 61

6.2.2 Sentences 62

6.2.3 Paragraphs 64

6.3 Appropriate Tone 64

6.3.1 Considering the Purpose of Your Document 65

6.3.2 Considering Your Reader Before Writing 65

6.3.3 The Tone You Should Use 66

6.3.4 The Tone You Should Use with a Negative Message 70

6.4 Good Grammar 71

6.4.1 Noun Usage 71

6.4.2 Pronoun Usage 71

6.4.3 Preposition Usage 72

6.4.4 Verbs Usage 72

6.4.5 Subject-Verb Agreement 74

6.5 Summary 75

Words List 76

Notes 76

Exercises 77

Chapter 7 Good News,Bad News and Persuasive Writing 79

7.1 Good News or Routine Letters Writing 79

7.1.1 The Direct Approach 79

7.1.2 Routine Requests 80

7.1.3 Routine or Good News Replies 82

7.2 Bad News or Refusals Writing 82

7.2.1 The Indirect Approach 82

7.2.2 Some Examples of Bad News or Refusal 83

7.3 Persuasive Writing 84

7.3.1 The Purpose of Persuasive Writing 84

7.3.2 The Basic Order for Persuasion 85

7.3.3 Some Examples of Persuasive Writing 85

7.4 Summary 88

Words List 89

Notes 89

Exercises 90

PartⅢ Practical Writing 93

Chapter 8 Writing Memos,Letters and E-mails 94

8.1 Introduction 94

8.2 Memos 95

8.2.1 What is a Memo? 95

8.2.2 Layout of Memos 96

8.2.3 The Body of Memo 98

8.2.4 Memos Style 101

8.3 Letter 101

8.3.1 What's Letter? 101

8.3.2 Format for Writing Letters 102

8.3.3 Layout of Letter 105

8.4 E-mail 107

8.4.1 What's E-mail? 107

8.4.2 The Properties of E-mail 108

8.4.3 Layout of E-mail 109

8.4.4 E-mail Etiquette 111

8.5 Summary 115

Words List 116

Notes 116

Exercises 117

Chapter 9 Writing Reports ＆ Proposals 119

9.1 Introduction 119

9.2 Types of Reports 120

9.2.1 Style 120

9.2.2 Purpose 120

9.2.3 Format 120

9.3 Steps in Planning Reports 120

9.3.1 Identify the Problem 121

9.3.2 Decide on the Field and the Scope to Investigate 121

9.3.3 Plan the Research 121

9.3.4 Develop a Preliminary Outline 121

9.3.5 Collect the Data 122

9.3.6 Analyze Data,Draw Conclusions,and Make Recommendations 123

9.4 What Included in a Report 123

9.4.1 A Letter of Transmittal 123

9.4.2 A Title Page 124

9.4.3 An Abstract or Synopsis 124

9.4.4 A Contents Page 125

9.5 The Report Itself 125

9.6 Parts of the Report 126

9.6.1 Introduction 126

9.6.2 Procedures 127

9.6.3 Conclusions 129

9.6.4 Recommendations 129

9.6.5 References 129

9.6.6 Additional Sections that May be Required 129

9.7 How to Write Proposals 130

9.7.1 Introduction 130

9.7.2 Gathering Background Information(before Writing) 131

9.7.3 Components of Proposals 132

9.7.4 Writing Proposals 132

9.8 Summary 135

Words List 136

Notes 137

Exercises 138

Chapter 10 Writing Meeting Minutes,Meeting Summaries ＆ Press Release 140

10.1 Introduction of Minutes 141

10.1.1 The Types of Minutes 141

10.1.2 The Contents and Structure of Minutes 142

10.1.3 The Style and Language of Minutes 143

10.1.4 Some Examples of Minutes 144

10.2 Introduction of Meeting Summary 145

10.2.1 The Rules of Writing Meeting Summary 145

10.2.2 The Structure and Currently Model of Summary 146

10.2.3 The Style and Examples of Summary 148

10.3 Introduction of Press Release 150

10.3.1 The Structure of Press Release 151

10.3.2 Some Rules of Writing News Release 152

10.3.3 Examples of Press Release 153

10.4 Summary 155

Words List 156

Notes 157

Exercises 159

Chapter 11 Writing Contracts 162

11.1 Introduction 164

11.1.1 What is Contract? 164

11.1.2 Collection of Basic Contract Documents 165

11.2 The Categories of Contract 166

11.3 The Structure of Contract 166

11.3.1 Preamble of a Contract 166

11.3.2 Main Body of a Contract 167

11.3.3 Final Clauses 170

11.4 Selection of the Words 170

11.4.1 Choice of Synonyms 170

11.4.2 Words with Multi-Interpretations 171

11.4.3 Other Technical Terms and Expressions in Contracts 172

11.5 Some Examples for Contract 173

11.6 Summary 176

Words List 176

Notes 178

Exercises 181

Chapter 12 Writing to Instruct and Describe 183

12.1 Introduction 183

12.2 Writing Instructions 183

12.2.1 Components of Instructions 183

12.2.2 Guidelines of Writing Instructions 185

12.2.3 Examples of Instructions 187

12.2.4 How to Write Manuals 189

12.3 Writing Descriptions 190

12.3.1 Components of Descriptions 191

12.3.2 Examples of Some Description Writings 192

12.4 Summary 196

Words List 196

Notes 198

Exercises 199

Chapter 13 Writing Resume 200

13.1 Introduction 202

13.1.1 The Details of Resume 202

13.1.2 The Description of Content of Resume 203

13.2 Some Rules of Resume 205

13.2.1 Contents of Resume 205

13.2.2 Language of Resume 206

13.2.3 Layout of Resume 206

13.3 The Categories of Resume 207

13.3.1 Basic Resume 207

13.3.2 Chronological Resume 208

13.3.3 Functional Resume 210

13.3.4 Chrono-Functional Resume 212

13.4 Summary 214

Words List 215

Notes 216

Exercises 218

Part Ⅳ Other Skills to Improve Your Writing 221

Chapter 14 Use of Punctuation 222

14.1 Introduction 222

14.2 End Punctuation 222

14.2.1 Period"." 223

14.2.2 Question Mark"?" 223

14.2.3 Exclamation Mark"!" 224

14.3 The Comma 224

14.4 The Semicolon 227

14.5 The Colon 228

14.6 The Dash 229

14.7 The Parenthesis 229

14.8 The Brackets 230

14.9 The Hyphen 230

14.10 The Quotation Marks 231

14.11 The Ellipsis 232

14.12 The Apostrophe 232

14.13 Summary 233

Words List 234

Notes 236

Exercises 237

Chapter 15 Write with Statistics 239

15.1 Introduction 239

15.2 Functions of Statistics in Writing 240

15.2.1 To Make the Facts of Business Writing be Convinced 240

15.2.2 To Display Information Visually 241

15.2.3 To Summarize the Developing Trends 242

15.3 How to Collect the Needed Statistics 242

15.3.1 Existing Sources 243

15.3.2 Statistical Studies 243

15.3.3 Data Acquisition Errors 244

15.4 Write with Statistics 244

15.4.1 Descriptive Statistics 244

15.4.2 Statistics Inference 248

15.5 Summary 249

Words List 250

Notes 250

Exercises 252

Answers for Reference 255

参考文献 274