演讲的艺术 中国版 英文PDF电子书下载

PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 2

CHAPTER 1 Speaking in Public 2

The Power of Public Speaking 3

The Tradition of Public Speaking 5

Public Speaking and Intercultural Communicative Competence 6

Public Speaking and Critical Thinking 7

Public Speaking and Conversation 8

Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation 8

Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation 9

The Speech Communication Process 10

Speaker 10

Message 10

Channel 10

Listener 11

Feedback 11

Interference 11

Situation 12

The Speech Communication Process:Example with Commentary 12

CHAPTER 2 Speaking Confidently and Ethically 16

Becoming a Confident Speaker 17

Nervousness Is Normal 17

Dealing with Nervousness 18

Being an Ethical Speaker 23

Guidelines for Ethical Speaking 24

Plagiarism 26

CHAPTER 3 Giving Your First Speech 32

Preparing Your Speech 33

Developing the Speech 33

Organizing the Speech 34

Delivering Your Speech 36

Speaking Extemporaneously 36

Rehearsing the Speech 37

Presenting the Speech 38

Sample Speeches with Commentary 38

PART 2 SPEECH PREPARATION:GETTING STARTED 44

CHAPTER 4 Selecting a Topic and a Purpose 44

Choosing a Topic 45

Topics You Know a Lot About 46

Topics You Want to Know More About 46

Brainstorming for Topics 46

Determining the General Purpose 49

Determining the Specific Purpose 49

Phrasing the Central Idea 53

CHAPTER 5 Analyzing the Audience 58

Audience-Centeredness 59

The Psychology of Audiences 60

Factors in Audience Analysis 60

Size 60

Physical Setting 61

Demographic Traits 62

Disposition Toward the Topic 62

Disposition Toward the Speaker 64

Disposition Toward the Occasion 64

Getting Information About the Audience 64

Adapting to the Audience 67

Audience Adaptation Before the Speech 67

Audience Adaptation During the Speech 69

Audience Adaptation After the Speech 69

CHAPTER 6 Supporting Your Ideas 72

Examples 73

Brief Examples 73

Extended Examples 74

Hypothetical Examples 74

Tips for Using Examples 75

Statistics 76

Single Statistics 76

Multiple Statistics 77

Tips for Using Statistics 77

Testimony 79

Expert Testimony 80

Peer Testimony 80

Tips for Using Testimony 80

Sample Speech with Commentary 83

PART 3 SPEECH PREPARATION:ORGANIZING AND OUTLING 88

CHAPTER 7 Organizing the Body of the Speech 88

Main Points 89

Strategic Order of Main Points 90

Tips for Preparing Main Points 95

Supporting Materials 96

Connectives 97

Transitions 97

Internal Previews 98

Internal Summaries 98

Signposts 99

CHAPTER 8 Beginning and Ending the Speech 102

The Introduction 103

Get Attention and Interest 103

Create a Positive Relationship with the Audience 108

Establish Credibility 108

Preview the Body of the Speech 109

Sample Introduction with Commentary 110

Tips for the Introduction 111

The Conclusion 111

Signal the End of the Speech 112

Reinforce the Central Idea 113

Sample Conclusion with Commentary 115

Tips for the Conclusion 116

CHAPTER 9 Outlining the Speech 118

The Preparation Outline 119

Guidelines for the Preparation Outline 119

Sample Preparation Outline with Commentary 122

The Speaking Outline 124

Guidelines for the Speaking Outline 124

Sample Speaking Outline with Commentary 126

PART 4 PRESENTING THE SPEECH 130

CHAPTER 10 Using Language 130

Using Language Accurately 131

Using Language Clearly 132

Use Familiar Words 132

Choose Concrete Words 133

Eliminate Clutter 134

Using Language Vividly 135

Imagery 136

Rhythm 137

Using Language Appropriately 139

Appropriateness to the Occasion 139

Appropriateness to the Audience 140

Appropriateness to the Topic 140

Appropriateness to the Speaker 140

Using Language Inclusively 141

CHAPTER 11 Delivering the Speech 146

What Is Good Delivery? 147

Methods of Delivery 147

Reading from a Manuscript 147

Reciting from Memory 148

Speaking Impromptu 148

Speaking Extemporaneously 149

The Speaker's Voice 150

Volume 150

Pitch 150

Rate 150

Pauses 151

Vocal Variety 151

Pronunciation 152

Articulation 152

The Speaker's Body 153

Personal Appearance 153

Eye Contact 154

Gestures 154

Movement 154

Practicing Delivery 155

CHAPTER 12 Using Visual Aids 160

Kinds of Visual Aids 161

Objects and Models 161

Photographs and Drawings 161

Graphs 162

Charts 163

Video 164

The Speaker 164

PowerPoint 165

Tips for Preparing Visual Aids 166

Keep Visual Aids Simple 166

Make Sure Visual Aids Are Large Enough 167

Use Fonts That Are Easy to Read 167

Use Color Effectively 167

Tips for Presenting Visual Aids 168

Display Visual Aids Where Listeners Can See Them 168

Explain Visual Aids 169

Avoid Passing Visual Aids Among the Audience 169

Display Visual Aids Only While Discussing Them 170

Talk to Your Audience,Not to Your Visual Aids 170

Practice with Your Visual Aids 170

Check the Room and Equipment 170

Develop a Backup Plan 171

Sample Speech with Commentary 172

PART 5 VARIETIES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 176

CHAPTER 13 Speaking to Inform 176

Types of Informative Speeches:Analysis and Organization 177

Speeches About Objects 177

Speeches About Processes 179

Speeches About Events 181

Speeches About Concepts 182

Tips for Informative Speaking 184

Don't Overestimate What the Audience Knows 184

Don't Be Too Technical 185

Personalize Your Ideas 185

Avoid Abstractions 186

Be Creative 187

Sample Speech with Commentary 187

CHAPTER 14 Speaking to Persuade 192

The Psychology of Persuasion 193

The Target Audience 194

Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact 195

Analyzing Questions of Fact 195

Organizing Speeches on Questions of Fact 196

Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value 197

Analyzing Questions of Value 197

Organizing Speeches on Questions of Value 198

Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy 199

Types of Speeches on Questions of Policy 199

Organizing Speeches on Questions of Policy 200

Methods of Persuasion 205

Building Credibility 205

Using Evidence 208

Reasoning 209

Appealing to Emotions 215

Sample Speech with Commentary 216

CHAPTER 15 Speaking on Special Occasions 222

Speeches of Introduction 223

Speeches of Presentation 225

Speeches of Acceptance 226

Toasts 227

Commemorative Speeches 229

CHAPTER 16 Speaking in Competitions 234

Competitions as Communication 235

Prepared Speech 236

Preparation and Presentation 236

Creativity 236

Sample Speech with Commentary 237

Impromptu Speech 239

Preparation and Presentation 240

Developing a Fund of Knowledge 240

Sample Speeches with Commentary 242

Question-and-Answer Session 243

Preparation and Presentation 244

Sample Speech with Commentary 245

Debate 246

Strategies and Techniques 246

Preparation and Practice 248

Sample Speech with Commentary 249