纳米晶体 合成、性质和应用 影印版PDF电子书下载

1 Basics of Nanocrystals 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Properties of Nanocrystals 3

1.2.1 Geometric Structure 4

1.2.2 Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystals 9

1.2.3 Electronic Properties 12

1.2.4 Optical Properties 19

1.2.5 Other Properties 23

2 Synthesis of Nanocrystals 25

2.1 Physical Methods 25

2.1.1 Inert Gas Condensation 25

2.1.2 Are Discharge 27

2.1.3 Ion Sputtering 27

2.1.4 Laser Ablation 28

2.1.5 Pyrolysis and Other Methods 28

2.1.6 Spray Pyrolysis 29

2.2 Chemical Methods 29

2.2.1 Metal Nanocrystals by Reduction 30

2.2.2 Solvothermal Synthesis 38

2.2.3 Photochemical Synthesis 42

2.2.4 Electrochemical Synthesis 42

2.2.5 Nanocrystals of Semiconductors and Other Materials by Arrested Precipitation 44

2.2.6 Thermolysis Routes 46

2.2.7 Sonochemical Routes 52

2.2.8 Micelles and Microemulsions 54

2.2.9 The Liquid-Liquid Interface 56

2.2.10 Biological Methods 56

2.2.11 Hybrid Methods 58

2.2.12 Solvated Metal Atom Dispersion（SMAD） 58

2.2.13 Post-synthetic Size-Selective Processing 59

2.3 Nanocrystals of Different Shapes 60

2.3.1 Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals 60

2.3.2 Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Semiconductor and Oxide Nanocrystals 63

2.4 Doping and Charge Injection 66

2.5 Tailoring the Ligand Shell 67

3 Programmed Assemblies 69

3.1 One-Dimensional Arrangements 69

3.2 Rings and Associated Arrangements 72

3.3 Two-Dimensional Arrays 74

3.3.1 Metal Nanocrystals 75

3.3.2 Semiconductor and Oxide Nanocrystals 79

3.3.3 Other Two-Dimensional Arrangements 81

3.3.4 Mechanism of Organization 81

3.4 Three-Dimensional Superlattices 83

3.5 Superclusters 88

3.6 Colloidal Crystals 89

4 Properties of Nanocrystals 93

4.1 Melting Point and Heat Capacity 93

4.2 Electronic Properties 95

4.2.1 Catalysis and Reactivity 104

4.3 Optical Properties 106

4.4 Magnetic Properties 118

5 Core-Shell Nanocrystals 125

5.1 Synthesis and Properties 125

5.1.1 Semiconductor-Semiconductor 125

5.1.2 Metal-Metal 129

5.1.3 Metal-Oxide,Semiconductor-Oxide,and Oxide Oxide 132

5.2 Assemblies of Core-Shell Nanocrystals 133

6 Applications 135

6.1 Introduction 135

6.2 Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Tags 135

6.3 Nanocrystal-Based Optical Detection and Related Devices 139

6.4 Biomedical Applications of Oxide Nanoparticles 141

6.5 Optical and Electro-Optical Devices 142

6.6 Dip-Pen Nanolithography with Nanocrystals 143

6.7 Nanoelectronics and Nanoscalar Electronic Devices 145

6.8 Nanocomputing 149

References 151

Index 175