研究生英语论文及应用文写作PDF电子书下载

PART ONE 论文写作篇 3

Unit One 优秀论文写作概述 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Characteristics of Effective Writing 4

1.3 Steps to Successful Writing 8

1.4 The Style of Academic Writing 14

Unit Two 写作技巧：由一般到具体的语篇 27

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 The Structure of General-Specific Texts 27

2.3 Basic Principles in Writing Definitions 29

2.4 Sentence Definitions 30

2.5 Extended Definitions 37

2.6 Contrastive Definitions 40

2.7 Comparative Definitions 43

2.8 Generalizations 44

Unit Three 写作技巧：先问题后解答的行文 44

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 The Structure of Problem-Solution Texts 50

3.3 Presenting the Problem 51

3.4 Proposing Solutions 57

3.5 Evaluation 63

Unit Four 写作技巧：图表使用和数据评述 71

Ⅰ．Graphic Aids 71

4.1 Introduction 71

4.2 Types of Graphic Aids 72

4.3 Language Focus:Expressions in Describing Graphs 82

Ⅱ．Data Commentary 83

4.4 Introduction 83

4.5 Strength of Claim 83

4.6 The Structure of Data Commentary 86

4.7 Qualifications and Strength of Claim 91

4.8 Concluding a Commentary 97

4.9 Dealing with Imperfect Data 98

Unit Five 写作技巧：概要写作 103

5.1 Introduction 103

5.2 Summary,Analysis and Abstract 104

5.3 Elements of a Good Summary 105

5.4 Characteristics of a Good Summary 106

5.5 Steps in Writing a Summary 108

5.6 Language Focus:Summary Opening Sentences and Reminder Phrases 112

5.7 Comparative Summaries 115

Unit Six 写作技巧：评论文写作 121

6.1 Introduction 121

6.2 Critical Thinking 122

6.3 Preliminary Steps in Writing a Critique 124

6.4 The Format of the Critique 126

6.5 Language Focus:The Grammar of Critiques 133

Unit Seven 论文写作：导论及文献综述 141

Ⅰ．Introduction Sections 141

7.1 Introduction 141

7.2 Characteristics of an Effective Introduction 142

7.3 How to Write an Introduction 147

7.4 Language Focus:Opening Statements 151

Ⅱ．Literature Reviews 152

7.5 Introduction 152

7.6 The Importance of Literature Reviews 153

7.7 How to Write a Literature Review 154

7.8 Language Focus:Tense in Citation and Negative Statements 162

Unit Eight 论文写作：方法与结果 169

Ⅰ．Methods 169

8.1 Introduction 169

8.2 Ingredients of the Methods Section 170

8.3 Language Focus:Imperative Sentences 178

Ⅱ．Results 180

8.4 Introduction 180

8.5 Ingredients of the Results Section 180

8.6 Commentary in the Results Section 183

Unit Nine 论文写作：讨论与结论 188

Ⅰ．Discussion 188

9.1 Introduction 188

9.2 The Variation of Discussion 188

9.3 The Difference Between Results and Discussion 189

9.4 How to Present the Discussion 189

9.5 Strategies for Opening the Discussion Section 190

9.6 The Discussion of Results 192

Ⅱ．Conclusions 194

9.7 Introduction 194

9.8 How to Write a Conclusions Section 194

9.9 Components of the Conclusions 196

9.10 Ineffective Conclusions 201

9.11 Language Focus:Transitions and Useful Expressions 205

Unit Ten 论文写作：标题、摘要、致谢和文献目录 211

Ⅰ．Titles 211

10.1 Functions 211

10.2 Guidelines 212

10.3 Mechanics 213

Ⅱ．Abstracts 214

10.4 Introduction 214

10.5 Components 214

10.6 Language Focus:The Grammar of Abstracts 216

Ⅲ．Acknowledgements 218

10.7 Introduction 218

10.8 Components 219

10.9 Sample Acknowledgements 220

Ⅳ．Bibliographies 222

10.10 Introduction 222

10.11 Documentation Styles 222

10.12 Preferences for Documentation Style 229

Unit Eleven 论文写作：抄袭现象和文献引注 233

Ⅰ．Plagiarism 233

11.1 Introduction 233

11.2 How to Avoid Plagiarism 234

Ⅱ．Documentation 237

11.3 Introduction 237

11.4 What to Document 238

11.5 In-Text Documentation 239

Unit Twelve 学术翻译：论文摘要汉译英 253

12.1 Introduction 253

12.2 What to Be Translated 254

12.3 Language Focus:Linguistic Features of Abstracts 256

PART TWO 应用文写作篇 273

Unit Thirteen 电子邮件 273

13.1 Introduction 273

13.2 The Compose Window 274

13.3 How to Write and Reply to an E-mail 275

13.4 "Body Language"and Acronyms in E-mail 276

13.5 Formal E-mail Etiquette 278

Unit Fourteen 备忘录 285

14.1 Introduction 285

14.2 The Format of the Memo 285

14.3 Types of Memos 287

Unit Fifteen 计划书 297

15.1 Introduction 297

15.2 The Purpose of a Proposal 298

15.3 Components of a Proposal 298

15.4 Types of Proposals 302

Unit Sixteen 工作进展报告 311

16.1 Introduction 311

16.2 Contents of a Progress Report 312

16.3 The Format of the Progress Report 315

Unit Seventeen 简历与信件 321

Ⅰ．Résumés 321

17.1 Introduction 321

17.2 Components of a Résumé 322

17.3 The Chronological Résumé 328

17.4 The Functional Résumé 333

Ⅱ．Application Letters for Graduate Studies 336

17.5 Introduction 336

17.6 Application Letters for Graduate Programs 337

Ⅲ．Job-Application Letters 343

17.7 Introduction 343

17.8 How to Write Job-Application Letters 344

Ⅳ．Recommendation Letters 348

17.9 Introduction 348

17.10 The Basic Structure of the Recommendation Letter 349

17.11 Language Focus:Useful Expressions 352

Unit Eighteen 口头陈述 357

18.1 Introduction 357

18.2 The Role of Oral Presentations 358

18.3 Preparing an Oral Presentation 359

18.4 Giving the Oral Presentation 368

18.5 After the Presentation 371