孔子及其“仁”的思想 （英文）PDF电子书下载

PART ONE:CONFUCIUS' LIFE AND HIS CAREER 3

Ⅰ．Historical Background 3

Ⅱ．A Declining Aristocratic Family 5

Ⅲ．His Childhood,Adolescence and the Years before Taking Office 7

Ⅳ．Taking Office in Lu State 12

Ⅴ．Journeys from State to State 14

Ⅵ．The First Great Educator and Editor in Chinese History 18

PART TWO:CONFUCIUS THOUGHT OF BENEVOLENCE 31

Ⅰ．PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT OF BENEVOLENCE 31

1．Benevolence and Humanistic Philosophy 31

1）Development of the Thought of BENEVOLENCE 31

2）Manifold Meanings of the Thought of BENEVOLENCE 33

3）Why the Thought of Bene-volence is Identified as Hu-manistic PhilosoPhy 36

4）The Thought of BENEVO-LENCE Is An All-embracing General Outline of Confucian Ideological System 48

2．The Expressing Form of the 50

Idea of BENEVOLENCE 50

1）The Rites 50

2）The Relation between BENEVOLENCE and Rites 53

3．Methodology of the Idea of Benevolence——the Doctrine of the Mean 57

1）Definition 57

2）Main Features of the Doctrine of the Mean 59

3）Flexible Appliance of the Doctrine of the Mean 66

Ⅱ．ETHICAL THOUGHT OF BENEV-OLENCE 68

1．Requirements for the Ruling Class and Intellectuals——Practise Self-cultivation and Govern the Country by Virtue 70

2．Integration of BENEVOLENCE 74

with the Rites 74

3．Esteem Righteousness and Belittle Personal Gains 81

4．A System of Moral Standards with BENEVOLENCE as the Nueleus 87

5．Assiduous Study,the Key for Moral Perfection 89

6．The Summit of Moral Cultivation:Bc a Benevolent Gentleman 95

Ⅲ．POLITICAL THOUGHT OF BENEVOLENCE 104

1．His Political Ideals 104

1）The Idea of the"Universal World" 105

2）The Idea of the"Medial Society" 107

2．His Political Views 110

1）Governing with BENEVO-LENCE and by virtue 111

2）Selecting the Virtuous and Talented for Office 115

3）Increasing the population,Enriching and educating the Enriching and educating the people 120

CONCLUSION 125