AN INTRODUCTION TO FICTIONPDF电子书下载

FICTION 3

1 Reading a Story 3

Fable，Parable，and Tale 4

THE APPOINTMENT IN SAMARRA&W.Somerset Maugham 4

THE NORTH WIND AND THE SUN&Aesop 5

THE CAMEL AND HIS FRIENDS&Bidpai 6

INDEPENDENCE&Chuang TZU 8

GODFATHER DEATH&Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm 9

Plot 11

The Short Story 13

A＆P&John Updike 14

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 20

WRITERS ON WRITING 20

WHY WRITE？&John Updike 20

WRITING ABOUT PLOT 20

Paying Attention to Plot 20

CHECKLIST 21

Analyzing Plot 21

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON PLOT 22

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 22

2 Point of View 23

A ROSE FOR EMILY&William Faulkner 28

TEENAGE WASTELAND&Anne Tyler 35

SONNY’S BLUES&James Baldwin 43

A WORN PATH&Eudora Welty 64

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 70

WRITERS ON WRITING 70

RACE AND THE AFRICAN AMERICAN WRITER&James Baldwin 70

WRITING ABOUT POINT OF VIEW 71

How Point of View Shapes a Story 71

CHECKLIST 71

Understanding Point of View 71

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON POINT OF VIEW 72

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 72

3 Character 73

THE JILTING OF GRANNY WEATHERALL&Katherine Anne Porter 76

MISS BRILL&Katherine Mansfield 83

THE RICH BROTHER&Tobias Wolff 86

CATHEDRAL&Raymond Carver 98

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 109

WRITERS ON WRITING 109

COMMONPLACE BUT PRECISE LANGUAGE&Raymond Carver 109

WRITING ABOUT CHARACTER 110

How Character Creates Action 110

CHECKLIST 110

Writing About Character 110

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON CHARACTER 110

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 111

4 Setting 112

THE STORM&Kate Chopin 115

TO BUILD A FIRE&Jack London 119

GREASY LAKE&T.Coraghessan Boyle 130

A PAIR OF TICKETS&Amy Tan 137

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 150

WRITERS ON WRITING 150

SETTING THE VOICE&Amy Tan 150

WRITING ABOUT SETTING 151

The Importance of Setting 151

CHECKLIST 152

Analyzing Setting 152

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SETTING 152

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 152

5 Tone and style 153

A CLEAN，WELL-LIGHTED PLACE&Ernest Hemingway 156

BARN BURNING&William Faulkner 160

Irony 172

THE GIFT OF THE MAGI&O.Henry 174

SABOTEUR&Ha Jin 178

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 186

WRITERS ON WRITING 186

THE DIRECT STYLE&Ernest Hemingway 186

WRITING ABOUT TONE AND STYLE 186

Be Style-Conscious 186

CHECKLIST 187

Thinking About Tone and Style 187

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON TONE AND STYLE 187

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 188

6 Theme 189

THE OPEN BOAT&Stephen Crane 191

HOW I MET MY HUSBAND&Alice Munro 208

THE PARABLE OF THE PRODIGAL SON&Luke 15：11-32 220

HARRISON BERGERON&Kurt Vonnegut，Jr. 221

WRITING EFFECTIVELYWRITERS ON WRITING 226

THE THEMES OF SCIENCE FICTION&Kurt Vonnegut，Jr. 226

WRITING ABOUT THEME 227

Stating the Theme 227

CHECKLIST 228

Determining a Story’s Theme 228

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON THEME 228

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 228

7 Symbol 229

THE CHRYSANTHEMUMS&John Steinbeck 231

THE LOTTERY&Shirley Jackson 239

NO ONE’S A MYSTERY&Elizabeth Tallent 245

THE ONES WHO WALK AWAY FROM OMELAS&Ursula K.Le Guin 248

WRITING’ EFFECTIVELY 253

WRITERS ON WRITING 253

BIOGRAPHY OF A STORY&Shirley Jackson 253

WRITING ABOUT SYMBOLS 255

Recognizing Symbols 255

CHECKLIST 256

Thinking About SymbolS 256

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON SYMBOLS 256

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SYMBOLISM IN STEINBECK’S“THE CHRYSANTHEMUMS”&Student Paper 256

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 259

8 Evaluating a Story 260

A THOUSAND YEARS OF GOOD PRAYERS&Yiyun Li 262

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 271

WRITERS ON WRITING 271

WHAT I COULD NOT WRITE ABOUT WAS WHY I WAS WRITING&Yiyun Li 271

WRITING AN EVALUATION 272

Judging a Story’s Value 272

CHECKLIST 273

Evaluating a Story 273

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON EVALUATING A STORY 273

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 274

9 Reading Long Stories and Novels 275

THE DEATH OF IVAN ILYCH&Leo Tolstoy 280

THE METAMORPHOSIS&Franz Kafka 317

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 348

WRITERS ON WRITING 348

DISCUSSING THE METAMORPHOSIS&Franz Kafka 348

WRITING ABOUT LONG STORIES AND NOVELS 349

Knowing What to Leave Out 349

CHECKLIST 349

Organizing Your Ideas for a Research Paper 349

WRITING ASSIGNMENT FOR A RESEARCH PAPER 349

KAFKA’S GREATNESS&Student Research Paper 356

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 356

10 Critical Casebook：Flannery O’Connor 357

A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND&Flannery O’Connor 358

REVELATION&Flannery O’Connor 368

PARKER’S BACK&Flannery O’Connor 382

Flannery O’Connor ON Writing 396

FROM “ON HER OWN WORK” 396

ON HER CATHOLIC FAITH 398

FROM “THE GROTESQUE IN SOUTHERN FICTION” 399

YEARBOOK CARTOONS 401

Critics ON Flannery O’Connor 402

FLANNERY O’CONNOR AND HER READERS&Robert H.Brinkmeyer，Jr. 402

A GOOD SOURCE IS NOT SO HARD TO FIND：THE REAL LIFE MISFIT&J.O.Tate 404

DECONSTRUCTING “A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND”&Mary Jane Schenck 407

THE MYSTERY OF DIVINE DIRECTION：“PARKER’S BACK”&Kathleen Feeley 408

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 410

WRITING ABOUT AN AUTHOR 410

How One Story Illuminates Another 410

CHECKLIST 410

Reading an Author in Depth 410

WRITING ASSIGNMENT ON AN AUTHOR 411

MORE TOPICS FOR WRITING 411

11 Critical Casebook：Three Stories in Depth 412

Edgar Allan Poe 412

THE TELL-TALE HEART 413

Edgar Allan Poe ON Writing 417

THE TALE AND ITS EFFECT 417

ON IMAGINATION 418

THE PHILOSOPHY OF COMPOSITION 418

Critics ON “The Tell-Tale Heart” 419

THE FATHER-FIGURE IN “THE TELL-TALE HEART”&Daniel Hoffman 419

“THE TELL-TALE HEART” AS A LOVE STORY&Scott Peeples 421

THE FIGURE OF THE DOUBLE IN POE&John Chua 422

Charlotte Perkins Gilman 424

THE YELLOW WALLPAPER 424

Charlotte Perkins Gilman ON Writing 435

WHY I WROTE “THE YELLOW WALLPAPER” 435

WHATEVER IS 436

THE NERVOUS BREAKDOWN OF WOMEN 437

Critics ON “The Yellow Wallpaper” 438

GENDER AND PATHOLOGY IN “THE YELLOW WALLPAPER”&Juliann Fleenor 438

IMPRISONMENT AND ESCAPE：THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CONFINEMENT&Sandra M.Gilbert and Susan Gubar 439

BIOGRAPHICAL ECHOES IN “THE YELLOW WALLPAPER”&Elizabeth Ammons 441

Alice Walker 443

EVERYDAY USE 443

Alice Walker ON Writing 450

THE BLACK WOMAN WRITER IN AMERICA 450

REFLECTIONS ON WRITING 451

Critics ON “Everyday Use” 453

“EVERYDAY USE” AND THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT&Barbara T.Christian 453

STYLISH VS.SACRED IN “EVERYDAY USE”&Houston A.Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker 455

QUILT AS METAPHOR IN “EVERYDAY USE”&Elaine Showalter 459

WRITING EFFECTIVELY 461

TOPICS FOR WRITING ON “THE TELL-TALE HEART” 461

TOPICS FOR WRITING ON “THE YELLOW WALLPAPER” 461

TOPICS FOR WRITING ON “EVERYDAY USE” 461

12 Stories for Further Reading 462

DEAD MEN’S PATH&Chinua Achebe 462

THE PROPHECY&Anjana Appachana 465

HAPPY ENDINGS&Margaret Atwood 476

AN OCCURRENCE AT OWL CREEK BRIDGE&Ambrose Bierce 479

THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO MARK&Jorge LuiS Borges 485

PAUL’S CASE&Willa Cather 489

THE FIVE-FORTY-EIGHT&John Cheever 503

THE LADY WITH THE PET DOG&Anton Chekhov 512

THE STORY OF AN HOUR&Kate Chopin 523

THE HOUSE ON MANGO STREET&Sandra Cisneros 525

BATTLE ROYAL&Ralph Ellison 526

THE HANDSOMEST DROWNED MAN IN THE WORLD&Gabriel Garcia Marquez 536

LOOK ON THE BRIGHT SIDE&Dagoberto Gilb 540

YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN&Nathaniel Hawthorne 548

SWEAT&zora Neale Hurston 558

A FAMILY SUPPER&Kazuo IShiguro 566

ARABY&James Joyce 573

GIRL&Jamaica Kincaid 578

INTERPRETER OF MALADIES&Jhumpa Lahiri 579

THE ROCKING-HORSE WINNER&D.H.Lawrence 593

SHILOH&Bobbie Ann Mason 604

WHERE ARE YOU GOING，WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN？&Joyce Carol Oates 613

THE THINGS THEY CARRIED&Tim O’Brien 625

I STAND HERE IRONING&Tillie Olsen 637

MY LIFE WITH THE WAVE&Octavio Paz 642

THE MAN TO SEND RAIN CLOUDS&Leslie Marmon Silko 646

THE MOTHS&Helena Maria viramontes 649

WRITING 657

13 writing About a Story 657

Reading Actively 657

Thinking About a Story 659

Preparing to Write：Discovering ideas 660

Sample Student Prewriting Exercises 660

Writing a First Draft 663

CHECKLIST 664

Writing a Rough Draft 664

Revising 664

CHECKLIST 666

Revision 666

What’s Your Purpose？Some Common Approaches to Writing About Fiction 666

EXPLICATION 666

（EXPLICATION）&Sample Student Paper 668

ANALYSIS 671

（ANALYSIS）&Sample Student Paper 672

THE CARD REPORT 675

Sample Student Card Report 676

COMPARISON AND CONTRAST 678

（COMPARISON AND CONTRAST）&Sample Student Paper 679

The Form of Your Finished Paper 681

Topics for Writing 682

14 Writing a Research Paper 684

Getting Started 684

Choosing a Topic 685

Finding Research Sources 685

FINDING PRINT RESOURCES 685

USING ONLINE DATABASES 686

FINDING RELIABLE WEB SOURCES 686

CHECKLIST 687

Finding Sources 687

USING VISUAL IMAGES 688

CHECKLIST 689

Using Visual images 689

Evaluating Sources 689

EVALUATING PRINT RESOURCES 689

EVALUATING WEB RESOURCES 689

CHECKLIST 690

Evaluating SOurces 690

Organizing Your Research 691

Refining Your Thesis 693

Organizing Your Paper 694

writing and Revising 694

Guarding Academic integrity 695

Acknowledging Sources 695

QUOTING A SOURCE 696

CITING IDEAS 696

Documenting Sources Using MLA Style 697

LIST OF SOURCES 698

PARENTHETICAL REFERENCES 698

WORKS CITED LIST 698

CITING PRINT SOURCES IN MLA STYLE 699

CITING INTERNET SOURCES IN MLA STYLE 700

SAMPLE WORKS CITED LIST 701

Concluding Thoughts 702

Reference Guide for Citations 703

15 Critical Approaches to Literature 710

Formalist Criticism 711

THE FORMALIST CRITIC&Cleanth Brooks 711

LIGHT AND DARKNESS IN “SONNY’S BLUES”&Michael Clark 712

Biographical Criticism 713

CHEKHOV’S ATTITUDE TO ROMANTIC LOVE&Virginia Llewellyn Smith 714

THE SOURCE FOR ALCEE LABALLIERE IN “THE STORM”&Emily Toth 716

Historical Criticism 717

THE ARGENTINE CONTEXT OF BORGES’S FANTASTIC FICTION&John King 718

THE ECONOMICS OF ZORA NEALE HURSTON’S “SWEAT”&Kathryn Lee Seidel 720

Psychological Criticism 722

THE DESTINY OF OEDIPUS&Sigmund Freud 723

FAIRY TALE MOTIFS IN “WHERE ARE YOU GOING，WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN？”&Gretchen Schulz and R.J.R.Rockwood 724

Mythological Criticism 725

THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS AND ARCHETYPES&Carl Jung 726

MYTH IN FAULKNER’S “BARN BURNING”&Edmond Volpe 727

Sociological Criticism 729

CONTENT DETERMINES FORM&Georg Lukacs 729

MONEY AND LABOR IN “THE ROCKING-HORSE WINNER”&Daniel P.Watkins 730

Gender Criticism 731

TOWARD A FEMINIST CRITICISM&Elaine Showalter 732

TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE METAMORPHOSIS&Nina Pelikan Straus 733

Reader-Response Criticism 734

AN ESKIMO “A ROSE FOR EMILY”&Stanley Fish 735

THE END OF YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN&Michael J.Colacurcio 736

Deconstructionist Criticism 737

THE DEATH OF THE AUTHOR&Roland Barthes 738

RIGOROUS UNRELIABILITY&Barbara Johnson 738

Cultural Studies 739

POSTSTRUCTURALIST CULTURAL CRITIQUE&Vincent B.Leitch 741

WHAT IS CULTURAL STUDIES？&Mark Bauerlein 742